Difference between revisions of "Apostles"
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An '''Apostle''' is one who is sent out by our Lord [[Jesus Christ]] to spread the [[gospel]] that he is the Messiah, that he is risen, and that we are being saved as a result. | An '''Apostle''' is one who is sent out by our Lord [[Jesus Christ]] to spread the [[gospel]] that he is the Messiah, that he is risen, and that we are being saved as a result. | ||
| − | The word ''apostle'' comes from the Greek | + | The word ''apostle'' comes from the Greek ἀπόστολος, literally meaning "one who is sent out." Originally a military term referring to a sortie sent out against the enemy, ''apostle'' has in the Christian context come to refer to a missionary spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ. |
==The Twelve== | ==The Twelve== | ||
[[Image:Apostles.jpg|frame|left|Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles]] | [[Image:Apostles.jpg|frame|left|Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles]] | ||
| − | Our Lord originally appointed twelve apostles as his initial Church community, commissioned with the task of sharing the faith. As told in the [[Gospels]], [[Judas Iscariot]] was originally one of them, but with his [[apostasy]] and death, he was replaced with [[Apostle Matthias|Matthias]]. Their collective [[feast day]] is [[June 30]]. | + | Our Lord originally appointed twelve apostles as his initial Church community, commissioned with the task of sharing the faith. As told in the [[Gospels]], [[Judas Iscariot]] was originally one of them, but with his [[apostasy]] and death, he was replaced with [[Apostle Matthias|Matthias]] by St. Peter, but the hymns and iconography of the Church all include the [[Apostle Paul]] instead. Their collective [[feast day]] is [[June 30]]. The Apostles' names are listed at Matthew 10:2, Mark 3:14, Luke 6:12, Acts 1:13, 26. |
After Judas' replacement, the Twelve consisted of the following: | After Judas' replacement, the Twelve consisted of the following: | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
*'''[[Apostle Jude|Jude]]''' - ([[June 19]]) also called Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddeus, brother of [[Apostle James the Just|James]] the brother of God; crucified | *'''[[Apostle Jude|Jude]]''' - ([[June 19]]) also called Lebbaeus, surnamed Thaddeus, brother of [[Apostle James the Just|James]] the brother of God; crucified | ||
*'''[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot]]''' - ([[May 10]]) also called "the Canaanite"; crucified | *'''[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot]]''' - ([[May 10]]) also called "the Canaanite"; crucified | ||
| − | *'''[[Apostle | + | *'''[[Apostle Paul|Paul]]''' - ([[June 29]], [[October 29]]) replaced Judas Iscariot; beheaded in Rome |
|} | |} | ||
| + | ===Hymns to the twelve=== | ||
| + | [[Troparion]] (Tone 3) | ||
| + | :O holy Apostles of Christ | ||
| + | :Pray to our merciful God, | ||
| + | :That he may grant us remission of our sins. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Kontakion]] (Tone 2) | ||
| + | :Today Christ the Rock gladly glorifies the rock of faith, | ||
| + | :The chosen disciple, together with Paul and the entire company of the Twelve. | ||
| + | :As we celebrate their memory, | ||
| + | :We glorify him who has glorified them! | ||
==The Seventy== | ==The Seventy== | ||
| + | :''Main article: [[Seventy Apostles]] | ||
The Seventy Apostles are those whom the Lord chose (described in [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 10:1-16) in addition to the Twelve and sent forth to assist in the work of preaching. Over time, the Twelve added others to their number, who were sent out with the original Seventy to preach the gospel. Although this number eventually exceeded seventy, they were all nevertheless referred to as "of the Seventy" out of reverence to the number which the Lord originally chose. Their collective [[feast day]] is [[January 4]]. | The Seventy Apostles are those whom the Lord chose (described in [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 10:1-16) in addition to the Twelve and sent forth to assist in the work of preaching. Over time, the Twelve added others to their number, who were sent out with the original Seventy to preach the gospel. Although this number eventually exceeded seventy, they were all nevertheless referred to as "of the Seventy" out of reverence to the number which the Lord originally chose. Their collective [[feast day]] is [[January 4]]. | ||
[[Image:Apostles Communion.jpg|right|frame|[[Eucharist|Communion]] of the Apostles]] | [[Image:Apostles Communion.jpg|right|frame|[[Eucharist|Communion]] of the Apostles]] | ||
It is difficult to determine a comprehensive and accurate list of the Seventy, but here are some of their names: | It is difficult to determine a comprehensive and accurate list of the Seventy, but here are some of their names: | ||
| − | [[Apostle Achaicus|Achaicus]], [[Apostle Agabus|Agabus]], [[Apostle Alphaeus|Alphaeus]], [[Apostle Amplias|Amplias]], [[Apostle Ananias|Ananias]] (who baptized [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Andronicus|Andronicus]], [[Apostle Apelles|Apelles]], [[Apostle Apollo|Apollo]], [[Apostle Apphia|Apphia]], [[Apostle Aquila|Aquila]], [[Apostle Archippus|Archippus]], [[Apostle Aristarchus|Aristarchus]], [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]], [[Apostle Artemas|Artemas]], [[Apostle Asyncritus|Asyncritus]], [[Apostle Barnabas|Barnabas]] (leader of the Seventy and companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Caesar|Caesar]], [[Apostle Carpus|Carpus]], [[Apostle Cephas|Cephas]], [[Apostle Clement|Clement]], [[Apostle Cleopas|Cleopas]] (who accompanied the Lord to Emmaus), [[Apostle Crescens|Crescens]], [[Apostle Crispus|Crispus]], [[Apostle Epaphroditus|Epaphroditus]], [[Apostle Epenetus|Epenetus]], [[Apostle Erastus|Erastus]], [[Apostle Evodus|Evodus]], [[Apostle Fortunatus|Fortunatus]], [[Apostle Gaius|Gaius]], [[Apostle Hermas|Hermas]], [[Apostle Hermes (bishop)|Hermes]] (bishop of Dalmatia), [[Apostle Herodian|Herodian]], [[Apostle James the Just|James]] (the Brother of God, also called "the Less"), [[Apostle Jason|Jason]], [[Apostle Junia|Junia]], [[Apostle Justus|Justus]] (brother of the Lord), [[Apostle Linus|Linus]], [[Apostle Lucius|Lucius]], [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Evangelist]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] and author of the [[Gospel of Luke|Gospel]] that bears his name), [[Apostle Mark|Mark the Evangelist]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] and author of the [[Gospel of Mark|Gospel]] that bears his name), [[Apostle | + | [[Apostle Achaicus|Achaicus]], [[Apostle Agabus|Agabus]], [[Apostle Alphaeus|Alphaeus]], [[Apostle Amplias|Amplias]], [[Apostle Ananias|Ananias]] (who baptized [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Andronicus|Andronicus]], [[Apostle Apelles|Apelles]], [[Apostle Apollo|Apollo]], [[Apostle Apphia|Apphia]], [[Apostle Aquila|Aquila]], [[Apostle Archippus|Archippus]], [[Apostle Aristarchus|Aristarchus]], [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]], [[Apostle Artemas|Artemas]], [[Apostle Asyncritus|Asyncritus]], [[Apostle Barnabas|Barnabas]] (leader of the Seventy and companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Caesar|Caesar]], [[Apostle Carpus|Carpus]], [[Apostle Cephas|Cephas]], [[Apostle Clement|Clement]], [[Apostle Cleopas|Cleopas]] (who accompanied the Lord to Emmaus), [[Apostle Crescens|Crescens]], [[Apostle Crispus|Crispus]], [[Apostle Epaphroditus|Epaphroditus]], [[Apostle Epenetus|Epenetus]], [[Apostle Erastus|Erastus]], [[Apostle Evodus|Evodus]], [[Apostle Fortunatus|Fortunatus]], [[Apostle Gaius|Gaius]], [[Apostle Hermas|Hermas]], [[Apostle Hermes (bishop)|Hermes]] (bishop of Dalmatia), [[Apostle Herodian|Herodian]] (Rodion), [[Apostle James the Just|James]] (the Brother of God, also called "the Less"), [[Apostle Jason|Jason]], [[Apostle Junia|Junia]], [[Apostle Justus|Justus]] (brother of the Lord), [[Apostle Linus|Linus]], [[Apostle Lucius|Lucius]], [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Evangelist]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] and author of the [[Gospel of Luke|Gospel]] that bears his name), [[Apostle Mark|Mark the Evangelist]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] and author of the [[Gospel of Mark|Gospel]] that bears his name), [[Apostle Matthias|Matthias]] (St. Peter's choice to replace Judas), [[Apostle Narcissus|Narcissus]], [[Apostle Nicanor|Nicanor]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Olympas|Olympas]], [[Apostle Onesimus|Onesimus]], [[Apostle Onesiphorus|Onesiphorus]], [[Apostle Parmenas|Parmenas]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Patrobas|Patrobas]], [[Apostle Philemon|Philemon]], [[Apostle Philip (of the Seventy)|Philip]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Philologos|Philologos]], [[Apostle Phlegon|Phlegon]], [[Apostle Prochorus|Prochorus]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Pudens|Pudens]], [[Apostle Quadratus|Quadratus]], [[Apostle Quartus|Quartus]], [[Apostle Rufus|Rufus]], [[Apostle Silas|Silas]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Silvan|Silvan]], [[Apostle Sosipater|Sosipater]], [[Apostle Sosthenes|Sosthenes]], [[Apostle Stachys|Stachys]], [[Apostle Stephen the Protomartyr|Stephen the Protomartyr]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Symeon|Symeon]], [[Apostle Tertius|Tertius]], [[Apostle Thaddeus|Thaddeus]] (sometimes confused with [[Apostle Jude|Jude]] of the Twelve), [[Apostle Timon|Timon]] (one of the original seven deacons), [[Apostle Timothy|Timothy]] (companion of [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), [[Apostle Titus|Titus]], [[Apostle Trophimus|Trophimus]], [[Apostle Tychicus|Tychicus]], [[Apostle Urban|Urban]], [[Apostle Zacchaeus|Zacchaeus]], and [[Apostle Zenas|Zenas]]. |
| + | ===Hymns to the seventy=== | ||
| + | Troparion (Tone 3) | ||
| + | |||
| + | :Holy apostles of the Seventy, | ||
| + | :entreat the merciful God | ||
| + | :to grant our souls forgiveness of transgressions. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Kontakion (Tone 2) | ||
| + | |||
| + | :O faithful, let us praise with hymns | ||
| + | :the choir of the seventy disciples of Christ. | ||
| + | :They have taught us all to worship the undivided Trinity, | ||
| + | :for they are divine lamps of the Faith. | ||
==Other Apostles== | ==Other Apostles== | ||
| − | The [[Apostle Paul]] ([[June 29]]) is also referred to as an apostle, though he is not one of the Twelve or of the Seventy. Other missionary saints are also referred to as apostles, though usually not as an initial title, but rather as an epithet, e.g., "Apostle to the North" (though some regard this usage as not traditionally Orthodox). Further, other saints have the [[saint titles|epithet]] "[[Equal-to-the-Apostles]]" (in Greek, Ισαποστολος), usually because of their significant work in building up the Church. St. Paul shares the collective feast day with the Twelve Great Apostles. He was beheaded in Rome during the reign of | + | The [[Apostle Paul]] ([[June 29]]) is also referred to as an apostle, though he is not one of the Twelve or of the Seventy. Other [[missionary saints]] are also referred to as apostles, though usually not as an initial title, but rather as an epithet, e.g., "Apostle to the North" (though some regard this usage as not traditionally Orthodox). Further, other saints have the [[saint titles|epithet]] "[[Equal-to-the-Apostles]]" (in Greek, Ισαποστολος), usually because of their significant work in building up the Church. St. Paul shares the collective feast day with the Twelve Great Apostles. He was beheaded in Rome during the reign of Emperor Nero. |
| − | * Apostle to the Abyssinians: Saint [[Frumentius]] | + | * Apostle to the Abyssinians: Saint [[Frumentius of Axum|Frumentius]] |
| − | * Apostle of the Ardennes: Saint [[Saint Hubertus|Hubert]], 656 - 727 | + | * Apostle of the Ardennes: Saint [[Saint Hubertus|Hubert]], 656-727 |
| − | * Apostle to the Armenians: Saint [[Gregory the Illuminator]], 256 - 331 | + | * Apostle to the Armenians: Saint [[Gregory the Illuminator]], 256-331 |
| − | * Apostle to Karantania: Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg, 745 - 784 | + | * Apostle of Carpatho-Russia: Saint [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia|Alexis Kabaliuk]], 1877-1947 |
| + | * Apostle to Karantania: Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg, 745-784 | ||
* Apostle to the English: Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]], died 604 | * Apostle to the English: Saint [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]], died 604 | ||
* Apostle to the Franks: Saint [[Denis]], 3rd century | * Apostle to the Franks: Saint [[Denis]], 3rd century | ||
| − | * Apostle to the Franks: Saint [[Remigius]], ca. 437 - 533 | + | * Apostle to the Franks: Saint [[Remigius]], ca. 437-533 |
| − | * Apostle to the Frisians: Saint [[Willibrord]], 657 - 738 | + | * Apostle to the Frisians: Saint [[Willibrord]], 657-738 |
| − | * Apostle to the Gauls: Saint [[Irenaeus of Lyons|Irenaeus]], 130 - 200 | + | * Apostle to the Gauls: Saint [[Irenaeus of Lyons|Irenaeus]], 130-200 |
| − | * Apostle to the Gauls: Saint [[Martin of Tours]], 338 - 401 | + | * Apostle to the Gauls: Saint [[Martin of Tours]], 338-401 |
* Apostle to the Gentiles: Saint [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] | * Apostle to the Gentiles: Saint [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] | ||
| − | * Apostle to the Germans: Saint [[Boniface]], 680 - 755 | + | * Apostle to the Germans: Saint [[Boniface]], 680-755 |
| − | + | * Apostle to Hungary: Saint [[Anastasius]], 954-1044 | |
| − | * Apostle to Hungary: Saint [[Anastasius]], 954 - 1044 | ||
* Apostle to India: Saint [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]] | * Apostle to India: Saint [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]] | ||
| − | * Apostle to Ireland: Saint [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], 373 - 463 | + | * Apostle to Ireland: Saint [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]], 373-463 |
* Apostle to Noricum: Saint [[Severinus]] | * Apostle to Noricum: Saint [[Severinus]] | ||
| − | * Apostle to the North: Saint [[Ansgar]], 801 - 864 | + | * Apostle to the North: Saint [[Ansgar]], 801-864 |
* Apostle to the Parthians: Saint [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]] | * Apostle to the Parthians: Saint [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]] | ||
* Apostle to the Picts: Saint [[Ninian]], 5th century | * Apostle to the Picts: Saint [[Ninian]], 5th century | ||
| − | * Apostle to the Scots: Saint [[Columba]], 521 - 597 | + | * Apostle to the Scots: Saint [[Columba]], 521-597 |
| − | * Apostle to the Slavs: Saint [[Cyril]], ca. 820 - 869 | + | * Apostle to the Slavs: Saint [[Cyril and Methodius|Cyril]], ca. 820-869 |
| − | * Apostle to the Slavs: Saint [[Methodius]] | + | * Apostle to the Slavs: Saint [[Cyril and Methodius|Methodius]], ca. 820-869 |
* Apostle to Spain: Saint [[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|James the Great]], d. 44 | * Apostle to Spain: Saint [[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|James the Great]], d. 44 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Missionary]] | ||
| + | *[[Gospel]] | ||
| + | *[[Evangelist]] | ||
| + | *[[Evangelization]] | ||
| + | *[[Evangelism]] | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
*[[Wikipedia:Apostle|''Apostle'' at Wikipedia]] | *[[Wikipedia:Apostle|''Apostle'' at Wikipedia]] | ||
| − | + | ==Exteral links== | |
| + | *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100017 Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles] - from [[OCA]] website. | ||
| + | *[http://web.archive.org/web/20050907021458/http://www.chrysostompress.org/collection/0104_Synaxis_70_Apostles/ The Synaxis of the Holy Seventy Apostles] compiled by St. [[Demetrius of Rostov]] | ||
| + | *[http://www.orthodox.net/saints/70apostles.html The Choosing Of The Seventy Holy Apostles] compiled by St. [[Dorotheus of Tyre]] | ||
[[Category:Biblical Saints]] | [[Category:Biblical Saints]] | ||
| Line 72: | Line 107: | ||
[[Category:Saints]] | [[Category:Saints]] | ||
| − | [[bg: | + | [[ar:رسل المسيح الإثنا عشر]] |
| + | [[bg:ппоѿтол]] | ||
| + | [[fr:Apôtres]] | ||
| + | [[ro:Apostol]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:23, October 26, 2022
The Calling of the Twelve
An Apostle is one who is sent out by our Lord Jesus Christ to spread the gospel that he is the Messiah, that he is risen, and that we are being saved as a result.
The word apostle comes from the Greek ἀπόστολος, literally meaning "one who is sent out." Originally a military term referring to a sortie sent out against the enemy, apostle has in the Christian context come to refer to a missionary spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Contents
The Twelve
Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles
Our Lord originally appointed twelve apostles as his initial Church community, commissioned with the task of sharing the faith. As told in the Gospels, Judas Iscariot was originally one of them, but with his apostasy and death, he was replaced with Matthias by St. Peter, but the hymns and iconography of the Church all include the Apostle Paul instead. Their collective feast day is June 30. The Apostles' names are listed at Matthew 10:2, Mark 3:14, Luke 6:12, Acts 1:13, 26.
After Judas' replacement, the Twelve consisted of the following:
|
|
Hymns to the twelve
Troparion (Tone 3)
- O holy Apostles of Christ
- Pray to our merciful God,
- That he may grant us remission of our sins.
Kontakion (Tone 2)
- Today Christ the Rock gladly glorifies the rock of faith,
- The chosen disciple, together with Paul and the entire company of the Twelve.
- As we celebrate their memory,
- We glorify him who has glorified them!
The Seventy
- Main article: Seventy Apostles
The Seventy Apostles are those whom the Lord chose (described in Luke 10:1-16) in addition to the Twelve and sent forth to assist in the work of preaching. Over time, the Twelve added others to their number, who were sent out with the original Seventy to preach the gospel. Although this number eventually exceeded seventy, they were all nevertheless referred to as "of the Seventy" out of reverence to the number which the Lord originally chose. Their collective feast day is January 4.
Communion of the Apostles
It is difficult to determine a comprehensive and accurate list of the Seventy, but here are some of their names:
Achaicus, Agabus, Alphaeus, Amplias, Ananias (who baptized Paul), Andronicus, Apelles, Apollo, Apphia, Aquila, Archippus, Aristarchus, Aristobulus, Artemas, Asyncritus, Barnabas (leader of the Seventy and companion of Paul), Caesar, Carpus, Cephas, Clement, Cleopas (who accompanied the Lord to Emmaus), Crescens, Crispus, Epaphroditus, Epenetus, Erastus, Evodus, Fortunatus, Gaius, Hermas, Hermes (bishop of Dalmatia), Herodian (Rodion), James (the Brother of God, also called "the Less"), Jason, Junia, Justus (brother of the Lord), Linus, Lucius, Luke the Evangelist (companion of Paul and author of the Gospel that bears his name), Mark the Evangelist (companion of Paul and author of the Gospel that bears his name), Matthias (St. Peter's choice to replace Judas), Narcissus, Nicanor (one of the original seven deacons), Olympas, Onesimus, Onesiphorus, Parmenas (one of the original seven deacons), Patrobas, Philemon, Philip (one of the original seven deacons), Philologos, Phlegon, Prochorus (one of the original seven deacons), Pudens, Quadratus, Quartus, Rufus, Silas (companion of Paul), Silvan, Sosipater, Sosthenes, Stachys, Stephen the Protomartyr (one of the original seven deacons), Symeon, Tertius, Thaddeus (sometimes confused with Jude of the Twelve), Timon (one of the original seven deacons), Timothy (companion of Paul), Titus, Trophimus, Tychicus, Urban, Zacchaeus, and Zenas.
Hymns to the seventy
Troparion (Tone 3)
- Holy apostles of the Seventy,
- entreat the merciful God
- to grant our souls forgiveness of transgressions.
Kontakion (Tone 2)
- O faithful, let us praise with hymns
- the choir of the seventy disciples of Christ.
- They have taught us all to worship the undivided Trinity,
- for they are divine lamps of the Faith.
Other Apostles
The Apostle Paul (June 29) is also referred to as an apostle, though he is not one of the Twelve or of the Seventy. Other missionary saints are also referred to as apostles, though usually not as an initial title, but rather as an epithet, e.g., "Apostle to the North" (though some regard this usage as not traditionally Orthodox). Further, other saints have the epithet "Equal-to-the-Apostles" (in Greek, Ισαποστολος), usually because of their significant work in building up the Church. St. Paul shares the collective feast day with the Twelve Great Apostles. He was beheaded in Rome during the reign of Emperor Nero.
- Apostle to the Abyssinians: Saint Frumentius
- Apostle of the Ardennes: Saint Hubert, 656-727
- Apostle to the Armenians: Saint Gregory the Illuminator, 256-331
- Apostle of Carpatho-Russia: Saint Alexis Kabaliuk, 1877-1947
- Apostle to Karantania: Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg, 745-784
- Apostle to the English: Saint Augustine, died 604
- Apostle to the Franks: Saint Denis, 3rd century
- Apostle to the Franks: Saint Remigius, ca. 437-533
- Apostle to the Frisians: Saint Willibrord, 657-738
- Apostle to the Gauls: Saint Irenaeus, 130-200
- Apostle to the Gauls: Saint Martin of Tours, 338-401
- Apostle to the Gentiles: Saint Paul
- Apostle to the Germans: Saint Boniface, 680-755
- Apostle to Hungary: Saint Anastasius, 954-1044
- Apostle to India: Saint Thomas
- Apostle to Ireland: Saint Patrick, 373-463
- Apostle to Noricum: Saint Severinus
- Apostle to the North: Saint Ansgar, 801-864
- Apostle to the Parthians: Saint Thomas
- Apostle to the Picts: Saint Ninian, 5th century
- Apostle to the Scots: Saint Columba, 521-597
- Apostle to the Slavs: Saint Cyril, ca. 820-869
- Apostle to the Slavs: Saint Methodius, ca. 820-869
- Apostle to Spain: Saint James the Great, d. 44
See also
Source
Exteral links
- Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles - from OCA website.
- The Synaxis of the Holy Seventy Apostles compiled by St. Demetrius of Rostov
- The Choosing Of The Seventy Holy Apostles compiled by St. Dorotheus of Tyre
