Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Church History"

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The '''History of the Church''' is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of [[Jesus Christ]] to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic [[Holy Tradition]] of the [[Orthodox Church]]. 
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== New Testament era == 
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*46 BC Julius Caesar institutes [[Julian Calendar]].
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*20 BC Herod the Great begins to rebuild the [[w:Herod's Temple|Temple in Jerusalem]].
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*ca.4 BC '''[[Nativity|Christ is born]] in Bethlehem'''; 14,000 [[Holy Innocents]] slain in Bethlehem.
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*1 ''Assumption of Moses'', Jewish apocrypha written.
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*6 [[w:Census of Quirinius|Census of Quirinius]]; [[w:Iudaea Province|Iudaea Province]] created under direct Roman administration with capital at Caesarea, as the Romans annex Samaria, Judea and Idumea.
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*18-37 [[w:Caiaphas|Caiaphas]] becomes the [[w:List of High Priests of Israel|High Priest]] of the Jews.
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*ca.25-26 Death of [[Joseph the Betrothed]]. 
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*26-36 [[w:Pontius Pilate|Pontius Pilate]] is appointed the Roman Prefect of Judaea province.
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*ca.28 [[John the Forerunner|John the Baptist]] began his ministry in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2), preaching ''"Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near"'' (Matt 3:1-2), [[Theophany|baptized Christ in the Jordan]] (Mark 1:4-11), was arrested and beheaded by Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee.
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*ca.28-30 Three year ministry of [[Jesus Christ]], including: [[w:Temptation of Christ|Temptation]]; Appointment of the Twelve [[Apostles]]; [[w:Sermon on the Mount|Sermon on the Mount]]; Miracles performed; [[w:rejection of Jesus|Rejection]]; [[Transfiguration]]; [[Palm Sunday|Triumphal Entry]] into Jerusalem; driving out the Temple money changers; Cursing the fig tree; Giving the great commandment; Anointing; [[Last Supper icon|Mystical Supper]]; Arrest; [[w:Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus|Sanhedrin Trial]]; Before Pilate; [[Passion]]; [[Crucifixion]] on [[Holy_Week#Holy_Friday|Good Friday]]; Entombment by Pharisees [[Joseph of Arimathea]] and [[Nicodemus the Righteous|Nicodemus]] of the Sanhedrin; [[w:Harrowing of Hell|Harrowing of Hell]]; [[Resurrection]] on [[Pascha|Easter Sunday]]; Appearances to various people over the next forty days; Giving the [[Baptism#The_Great_Commission|Great Commission]] (Matt. 28:16-20); and [[Ascension]].
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*ca. 30 Martyrdom of [[Apostle Stephen the Protomartyr|Stephen]] the deacon, the first Christian martyr. 
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*30 Conversion of [[Apostle Paul]] on road to Damascus.
  
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==Apostolic era (33-100)== 
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*33 The [[Holy Spirit]] descends on the day of [[Pentecost]], filling the followers of [[Jesus Christ]] with power from on high. 
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*34 [[Apostle Peter]] founds [[Church of Antioch|See of Antioch]]. 
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*35 The name ''Christian'' first used in Antioch. 
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*37 [[Joseph of Arimathea]] travels to Britain and lands in [[Glastonbury]]. 
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*40 [[Apostle Barnabas]] sent from Jerusalem to Antioch to strengthen community after persecution when church leaders flee city.
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*ca.42 [[Apostle_Paul|Apostle Paul's]] ecstasy to the third heaven (2 Cor.12:2-4).
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*ca.46-48 [[Apostle_Paul|Apostle Paul's]] first missionary journey, with [[Apostle Barnabas]] (Acts 13 - 14).
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*49 [[Apostolic Council of Jerusalem]] rules that Gentiles do not have to become Jews before becoming Christians. 
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*ca.49-52 [[Apostle_Paul|Apostle Paul's]] second missionary journey, with [[Apostle Silas]] (Acts 15:39 - 18:22).
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*ca.50 Death of [[w:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]], a leading authority in the Sanhedrin and teacher of the [[Apostle Paul]] (Acts 22:3).
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*50 [[Apostle Matthew]] finishes the [[Gospel of Matthew]] in Aramaic. 
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*52 [[Apostle Thomas]] arrives in Kerala, introducing [[Church of India|Christianity to India]].
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*ca.53-57 [[Apostle_Paul|Apostle Paul's]] third missionary journey (Acts 18:23 - 21:16).
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*ca.59-62 [[Apostle_Paul|Apostle Paul's]] fourth missionary journey, voyage to Rome (Acts 27 - 28:16).
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*62 Martyrdom of [[Apostle James the Just]]; crucifixion of [[Apostle Andrew]] in Patras. 
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*63 [[Aristobulus]] consecrated as first bishop of Britain.   
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*64-68 First of ten major persections of the Early Church, [[w:Persecution_of_early_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire#Persecution_under_Nero.2C_64-68_A.D.|under Emperor Nero]].
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*66 Flight of the Christian community in Jerusalem to [[w:Pella, Jordan|Pella]], Antioch, and other places in the [[w:Decapolis|Decapolis]].
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*66-73 [[w:First Jewish–Roman War|Jewish-Roman war]].
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*67 Martyrdom of the [[Apostle Peter]] in Rome; martyrdom of the [[Apostle Paul]] in Rome; [[Apostle Linus]] elected first [[bishop]] of Rome; Roman legions VI Ferrata, V Macedonia, XV Apollinaris, XII Fulminata and X Fretensis sent to Jerusalem. 
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*68 Suicide of Emperor Nero.
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*69 [[Ignatius of Antioch]] consecrated [[bishop]] of Antioch. 
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*70 [[Apostle Mark]] writes [[Gospel of Mark|Gospel]]; [[w:Herod's Temple|Temple in Jerusalem]] is destroyed by the Romans; expulsion of the Christians from the synagogues; Rabbi Johanan ben Zacchai founds college at Jamnia that becomes seat of Sanhedrin and center of Judaism A.D. 70-135, enabling emergence of Rabbinic Judaism; beginning of Jewish diaspora; by this time the work of the [[Apostle Paul]] has planted the faith  on firm foundation in the major cities of the Roman empire. 
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*71 [[Apostle Mark]] introduces Christianity to Egypt. 
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*75 Judea, Galilea and Samaria are renamed ''Palaestina'' by the Romans. 
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*80 [[Gospel of Luke]] written by the [[Apostle Luke]]; Jewish historian (and former general) [[Josephus]] writes ''Antiquities''; Titus dedicates the [[w:Colosseum|Colosseum]], site of the martyrdom of many early Christians.
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*ca. 80-90 ''[[Didache]]'' written. 
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*85 ''[[Acts of the Apostles]]'' written by [[Apostle Luke]]. 
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*90 [[w:Council of Jamnia|Council of Jamnia (Javneh)]] marks final separation and distinction between the Jewish and Christian communities, including rejection of the [[Septuagint]] widely then in use among the Hellenized Jewish diaspora; Jewish canon of Scripture closed; in the ''[[w:Amidah|Eighteen Benedictions]]'', Judaism's central prayer, a sentence is included in the Twelfth Benediction cursing the "Nazarenes", but it was no longer recited after the definite separation of Christians from the synagogue in the next century. 
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*95 [[Apostle John]] writes [[Book of Revelation]]. 
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*ca.90-96 [[w:Persecution_of_early_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire#Persecution_under_Domitian|Persecution of Christians under Emperor Domitian]]. 
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*96 [[Gospel of John]] written by [[Apostle John]] as supplement and further theological illumination of the [[Synoptic gospels]].
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*ca.100 Emergence of [[w:Catacombs_of_Rome#Christian_catacombs_2|Christian Catacombs]] in the second century. 
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*100 Death of [[Apostle John]].

Revision as of 02:32, December 9, 2008

This article forms part of the series
Introduction to
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Holy Scripture
The Symbol of Faith
Ecumenical Councils
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Jesus Christ
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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of Jesus Christ to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

New Testament era

Apostolic era (33-100)

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