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| − | + | ==New Testament Era (1-30)== | |
''Since the deaths of many of the biblical personalities can not be traced, for the purposes of the New Testament era, we will list the chronological appearance of these same personalities, as they are documented in the Scripture.'' | ''Since the deaths of many of the biblical personalities can not be traced, for the purposes of the New Testament era, we will list the chronological appearance of these same personalities, as they are documented in the Scripture.'' | ||
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*25-26 ''c,'' Death of [[Joseph the Betrothed]] <ref>The apocryphal account, "The History of Joseph", a 4th century document the last years of Joseph's life. According to St. [[Epiphanios of Cyprus]] (c315-403), the Elder Joseph lived to a profound old age, having entered into rest at the age of one hundred and ten years old. He reposed just before Christ entered His public ministry to preach the Gospel</ref> | *25-26 ''c,'' Death of [[Joseph the Betrothed]] <ref>The apocryphal account, "The History of Joseph", a 4th century document the last years of Joseph's life. According to St. [[Epiphanios of Cyprus]] (c315-403), the Elder Joseph lived to a profound old age, having entered into rest at the age of one hundred and ten years old. He reposed just before Christ entered His public ministry to preach the Gospel</ref> | ||
*27 ''c, ''[[John the Baptist]] <ref>The Ministry of St. John the Baptist begins in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2). He preaches, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 3:1-2) and [[Theophany|baptising Christ in the Jordan]] (Mark 1:4-11)</ref> begins his ministry including the [[Theophany|Baptism of Christ]]'' | *27 ''c, ''[[John the Baptist]] <ref>The Ministry of St. John the Baptist begins in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2). He preaches, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 3:1-2) and [[Theophany|baptising Christ in the Jordan]] (Mark 1:4-11)</ref> begins his ministry including the [[Theophany|Baptism of Christ]]'' | ||
| + | *27 [[September 1]]: ''According to Holy Tradition, Christ entered the [[synagogue]] on [[September 1]] to announce His mission to mankind (Luke 4:16-22).<ref> Quoting Isaiah 61:1-2), the Savior proclaimed, "The spirit of the Lord is upon me; because He has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; He has sent me to proclaim release to captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord…" This scene is depicted in a Vatican manuscript (Vatican, Biblioteca. Cod. Gr. 1613, p.1).</ref>'' | ||
*27-30 ''c, Three year ministry of [[Christ]]'' <ref>The three year ministry of Christ includes the appointment of the Twelve Apostles, Sermon on the Mount, miracles, transfiguration, etc</ref> | *27-30 ''c, Three year ministry of [[Christ]]'' <ref>The three year ministry of Christ includes the appointment of the Twelve Apostles, Sermon on the Mount, miracles, transfiguration, etc</ref> | ||
| − | *28 ''c,'' [[John the Baptist]] is executed by Herod Antipas <ref>The execution of Saint John the Baptist has been recorded in ''"Antiquitates Judaicae"'' in Latin published by the Jewish historian Flavius | + | *28 ''c,'' [[John the Baptist]] is executed by Herod Antipas <ref>The execution of Saint John the Baptist has been recorded in ''"Antiquitates Judaicae"'' in Latin published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about 93 or 94 AD, 18.5.2</ref> |
| − | *30 ''c, Other events:'' First death of [[Lazarus]]; [[Dismas the thief]] | + | *30 ''c, Other events:'' First death of [[Lazarus]]; [[Dismas the thief]] crucified on Golgotha Hill outside Jerusalem alongside [[Christ]], the first to enter heaven (Luke 23:43); ''[[Judas Iscariot]] hangs himself.'' |
| − | + | ||
| + | ;30 Death and Resurrection of Lord Jesus [[Christ]] the [[Son of God]]. <ref>30AD is thought to be the most accurate dating of the death, [[resurrection]] and [[Pentecost]] amongst academics and has been used for this article in lieu of 33AD.</ref> | ||
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| − | + | ==Apostolic Era (30-100)== | |
''The Apostolic period can begin with the death of [[Christ]], or from the Day of Pentecost, and ends with the [[Apostle John]] and covers about seventy years.'' | ''The Apostolic period can begin with the death of [[Christ]], or from the Day of Pentecost, and ends with the [[Apostle John]] and covers about seventy years.'' | ||
| − | *31 '' | + | *31 '''Protomartyr of christianity''' [[Apostle Stephen the Protomartyr|Apostle Stephen]] delivers a speech before the Sanhedrin (Acts 6:8-8:1) and is stoned to death [[December 27]]. |
| − | *34 Death of Philip, tetrach of Iturea; Apostle Nikanor the deacon (Acts 6:1-6), [[July 28]] | + | |
| + | ''After the [[Ascension]] of the Saviour to Heaven, the [[Apostles]] preach the Good News to various parts of the world:'' | ||
| + | :[[Apostle Thaddeus]] preaches to Syria and Mesopotamia. He preaches the Gospel to Edessa and converts King Abgar. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *34 Death of Philip, tetrach of Iturea; Apostle Nikanor the deacon (Acts 6:1-6), d. [[July 28]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | *35 ''c,'' [[Ignatius of Antioch]] born. | ||
*35-44 ''c,'' '''The [[Dormition]] <ref>At the time of her death tradition states she was in her early fifties.</ref> of the [[Theotokos]], the Mother of [[Christ]], [[August 15]].''' | *35-44 ''c,'' '''The [[Dormition]] <ref>At the time of her death tradition states she was in her early fifties.</ref> of the [[Theotokos]], the Mother of [[Christ]], [[August 15]].''' | ||
| − | *44 Agrippa I beheads [[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|Apostle James]] (son of Zebedee and brother of John), [[July 25]]; ''Agrippa I is eaten by worms and dies.'' | + | |
| − | *50 ''[[w:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]]<ref>[[w:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]] is celebrated as a Pharisee doctor of Jewish Law, who was the teacher of [[Apostle Paul]]; the author of the [[Book of Acts]] portrays Gamaliel with great respect (Acts 5:34, 22:3)</ref>, teacher of the [[Apostle Paul]] dies.'' | + | *36 Tiberius orders the death of Annas and Pontius Pilate for their involvement in the Death of Christ, adter being informed so by [[Mary Magdalene]]. Caiaphas died on his way to the trial.<ref>The Great Synaxaristes</ref> |
| − | *54 ''Claudius dies, probably poisoned.'' | + | |
| + | *37 End of Tiberius' reign. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *44 Agrippa I beheads [[Apostle James (son of Zebedee)|Apostle James]] (son of Zebedee and brother of John), [[July 25]]; ''c,'' [[Apostle Thaddeus]] of the Seventy (not Judas), Bp. of Edessa, [[August 21]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Agrippa I is eaten by worms and dies.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | *50 | ||
| + | **''[[w:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]] <ref>[[w:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]] is celebrated as a Pharisee doctor of Jewish Law, who was the teacher of [[Apostle Paul]]; the author of the [[Book of Acts]] portrays Gamaliel with great respect (Acts 5:34, 22:3)</ref>, teacher of the [[Apostle Paul]] dies.'' | ||
| + | ** Rite of [[baptism]] develops independently of synagogue. | ||
| + | ** [[Eucharist]]ic rite develops independently of syngague. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *52 '''First Apostolic Council takes place in Jerusalem.''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | *53 | ||
| + | **''c.'' [[Hierotheus of Athens]]<ref>According to tradition, Hierotheus was present with St. [[Dionysius the Areopagite]] at the [[Dormition]] of the [[Theotokos]]. Tradition is not clear whether he is the first Bishop of Athens since other traditions place Dionysius in this role.</ref> baptised by the [[Apostle Paul]] | ||
| + | ** [[Apostle Evodus]] of the Seventy appointed by the holy [[Apostle Peter]] as 2nd Bp. of Antioch. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *54 ''Claudius dies, probably poisoned.'' [[Apostle Stachys]], [[Apostle|of the Seventy]], 2nd Bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), [[October 31]]. | ||
*59 ''c,'' Probus, bishop of Verona in Italy, [[January 12]] {{citation|I cant find him in the Synaxari. Any Orthodox references to him?}} | *59 ''c,'' Probus, bishop of Verona in Italy, [[January 12]] {{citation|I cant find him in the Synaxari. Any Orthodox references to him?}} | ||
| − | *60-62 ''c,'' [[Apostle Andrew]] traditionally thought to have been martyred in Achaia at Patras by cruxifixion. | + | *60-62 ''c,'' [[Apostle Andrew]], <ref>[[Apostle Andrew]] is traditionally thought to have been martyred in Achaia at Patras by cruxifixion.</ref> 1st bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), [[November 30]] |
*60-63 ''c,'' Second death of [[Lazarus]], Bishop of Kittium. | *60-63 ''c,'' Second death of [[Lazarus]], Bishop of Kittium. | ||
*60 Saints [[Aristarchos]], [[Pudens]] (2 Tim. 4:21), and [[Trophimos]], the Apostles of the Seventy, [[April 14]]. | *60 Saints [[Aristarchos]], [[Pudens]] (2 Tim. 4:21), and [[Trophimos]], the Apostles of the Seventy, [[April 14]]. | ||
*61 ''c,'' [[Apostle Barnabas]], founder of the [[Church of Cyprus]], traditionally thought to have been martyred in Salamis. | *61 ''c,'' [[Apostle Barnabas]], founder of the [[Church of Cyprus]], traditionally thought to have been martyred in Salamis. | ||
*62 ''Porcius Festus dies.''; [[Apostle James the Just|Apostle James]], the brother of the Lord and '''first bishop of Jerusalem''', is stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, during the short interval between Porcius Festus and Albinus <ref>The death of [[Apostle James the Just|James the Just]] is also recorded in ''"Antiquitates Judaicae"'' published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, 20.9.1</ref>. | *62 ''Porcius Festus dies.''; [[Apostle James the Just|Apostle James]], the brother of the Lord and '''first bishop of Jerusalem''', is stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, during the short interval between Porcius Festus and Albinus <ref>The death of [[Apostle James the Just|James the Just]] is also recorded in ''"Antiquitates Judaicae"'' published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, 20.9.1</ref>. | ||
| − | *64 Clateus, | + | |
| − | *65 Torpes, martyr in Pisa | + | *63 [[Apostle Matthias]] [[August 9]], stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, Jerusalem. |
| − | *66 | + | |
| + | *64 | ||
| + | ** Clateus, Bp. of Brescia in Italy murdered under Nero, [[June 4]]; | ||
| + | ** ''c, 64-67'' '''[[Apostle Peter|Peter]]''', son of Jonah and founder of the [[Church of Antioch]], martyred head downwards, [[June 29]]; | ||
| + | ** First Martyrs of Rome, falsely charged by Nero, [[June 30]] <ref>Source: [[w:First Martyrs of the Church of Rome]]</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *65 [[Torpes]], martyr in Pisa, Italy under Nero [[April 29]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *66 | ||
| + | **[[Evellius]], advisor of Nero, converted to Christ on witnessing the patience of the martyrs and then himself martyred in Pisa, Italy, [[May 11]]; | ||
| + | **[[Hermagoras and Fortunatus]], according to tradition, Hermagoras was a disciple of [[Apostle Mark]] and was consecrated Bishop of Auileia in Italy. He and his deacon Fortunatus were beheaded under Nero, [[July 12]]; | ||
| + | **[[Priscus]], 1st bishop of Capua, Italy sent by [[Apostle Peter]], martyred under Nero, [[September 1]]; | ||
| + | **[[Photine of Samaria]], Anatole, Photo, Photis, Paraskeve, Kyriake, Photinos and Joses and the Duke Sebastianos, martyred under Emperor Nero. | ||
| + | ** ''Christians arrive in Antioch from Jerusalem'' | ||
| + | |||
*67 ''c,'' [[Apostle Paul|Paul]], founder of the Church of Rome, beheaded in Rome; | *67 ''c,'' [[Apostle Paul|Paul]], founder of the Church of Rome, beheaded in Rome; | ||
| − | *68 [[Anastasia and Basilissa]], martyrs in Rome <ref>Noble Roman ladies, disciples of the Apostles Paul and Peter, whose bodies they buried. They were martyred under Nero.</ref> [[April 15]]. | + | |
| − | *69 Domnina and companions, <ref>A virgin martyred in Terni in Italy at the same time as Bishop Valentine.</ref> [[April 14]]. | + | *68 |
| + | **[[Apostle Onesimus]] [[Apostle|of the Seventy]], 3rd bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), [[February 15]]; | ||
| + | **[[Anastasia and Basilissa]], martyrs in Rome <ref>Noble Roman ladies, disciples of the Apostles Paul and Peter, whose bodies they buried. They were martyred under Nero.</ref> [[April 15]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *69 | ||
| + | ** Domnina and companions, <ref>A virgin martyred in Terni in Italy at the same time as Bishop Valentine.</ref> [[April 14]]. | ||
| + | ** [[Ignatius of Antioch|Ignatius]] appointed 3rd Bp. of Antioch. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *70 ''the Roman emperor Titus captures and destroys Jerusalem. The Romans demolish the Jewish temple and under difficult conditions the Christians emigrate in Pella in the east bank of Jordan river.'' | ||
| + | |||
*76 [[Apostle Linus|Linus]], <ref>The first bishop of Rome. A disciple of the Apostle Paul, he was one of the Seventy and is mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21. He was bishop for twelve years and is venerated as a martyr.</ref> 1st bishop of Rome and disciple of Apostle Paul [[January 4]]. | *76 [[Apostle Linus|Linus]], <ref>The first bishop of Rome. A disciple of the Apostle Paul, he was one of the Seventy and is mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21. He was bishop for twelve years and is venerated as a martyr.</ref> 1st bishop of Rome and disciple of Apostle Paul [[January 4]]. | ||
| − | *78 [[Candida the Elder]], <ref>An aged woman who welcomed the Apostle Peter in Naples and was miraculously healed by him. In her turn she convered St. [[Aspren of Naples|Aspren]] who became the first Bishop of Naples.</ref> [[September 4]]. | + | |
| + | *78 [[Apollinaris of Ravenna|Apollinaris]], 1st Bp. of [[Ravenna]], suffered persecution under Emperor Vespasian [[July 23]]; [[Candida the Elder]], <ref>An aged woman who welcomed the Apostle Peter in Naples and was miraculously healed by him. In her turn she convered St. [[Aspren of Naples|Aspren]] who became the first Bishop of Naples.</ref> [[September 4]]. | ||
| + | |||
*80 Perpetua, <ref>A matron from Rome baptised by the Apostle Peter who converted her husband and her son, St. Nazarius. Her relics are enshrined in Milan and Cremona in Italy.</ref> [[August 4]]. | *80 Perpetua, <ref>A matron from Rome baptised by the Apostle Peter who converted her husband and her son, St. Nazarius. Her relics are enshrined in Milan and Cremona in Italy.</ref> [[August 4]]. | ||
| − | *88 [[Anacletus of Rome|Anacletus]], 2nd | + | |
| − | + | *84 | |
| − | *90 Onesimus, <ref>The slave who ran away from his master Philemon and was converted by St. Paul in Rome and was the occasion of the Apostle's letter to Philemon.</ref> [[February 16]]; Birillus, bishop of Catania (Sicily), <ref>By tradition he was consecrated first Bishop of Catania in Sicily by the Apostle Peter, with whom he had travelled from Antioch. He reposed in extreme old age.</ref> [[March 21]]; Romulus and companions, <ref>By tradition ordained by the Apostle Peter as first pastor of Fiesole, he was martyred with several companions under Domitian</ref> [[July 6]]; Nicomedes, <ref>By tradition he was a priest martyred in Rome, perhaps under Domitian.</ref> [[September 15]]; Rufus of Rome, <ref>The disciple that St. Paul greets in Romans 16:13.</ref> [[November 21]]. | + | ** ''c,'' [[Apostle Luke]] near Boeotia, Greece [[ ]] <ref>Dating by Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke.</ref>; |
| + | ** after the death of [[Apostle Luke]], [[Apostle Ananias|Ananias]] transfers the [[Panagia Soumela]] icon painted by [[Apostle Luke|Luke]] to Athens where it is venerated as the "Panagia Athiniotissa". | ||
| + | |||
| + | *88 [[Anacletus of Rome|Anacletus]], 2nd Bp. of Rome. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *89 [[Polycarpus I of Byzantium|Polucarpus I]], Bp. of Byzantium (Constantinople). | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 90-96 (2nd) Persection of Christians under Emperor Domitian === | ||
| + | *90 | ||
| + | ** Onesimus, <ref>The slave who ran away from his master Philemon and was converted by St. Paul in Rome and was the occasion of the Apostle's letter to Philemon.</ref> [[February 16]]; Birillus, bishop of Catania (Sicily), <ref>By tradition he was consecrated first Bishop of Catania in Sicily by the Apostle Peter, with whom he had travelled from Antioch. He reposed in extreme old age.</ref> [[March 21]]; | ||
| + | ** Romulus and companions, <ref>By tradition ordained by the Apostle Peter as first pastor of Fiesole, he was martyred with several companions under Domitian</ref> [[July 6]]; | ||
| + | ** Nicomedes, <ref>By tradition he was a priest martyred in Rome, perhaps under Domitian.</ref> [[September 15]]; | ||
| + | ** [[Rufus of Rome]], <ref>The disciple that St. Paul greets in Romans 16:13.</ref> [[November 21]]. | ||
| + | ** ''"The [[Apocalypse]]" (Revelation) written by [[John the Theologian]] in [[Patmos]].'' | ||
| + | |||
*92 Mark of Galilee, <ref>By tradition, a Galilean and the first bishop, and also martyr, of the Abruzzi in Italy.</ref> 1st bishop of Abruzzi (Italy), [[April 28]]. | *92 Mark of Galilee, <ref>By tradition, a Galilean and the first bishop, and also martyr, of the Abruzzi in Italy.</ref> 1st bishop of Abruzzi (Italy), [[April 28]]. | ||
*96 Martyrdom of [[Dionysius the Areopagite]] of the Seventy; Flavius Clemens, <ref>Brother of the Emperor Vespasian and uncle of Titus and Domitian, whose niece, Flavia Domitilla, he married. In 95AD he held a consular office together with Domitian. The following year Domitian beheaded him for the Christian faith.</ref> beheaded by his nephew Domitian, [[June 22]]. | *96 Martyrdom of [[Dionysius the Areopagite]] of the Seventy; Flavius Clemens, <ref>Brother of the Emperor Vespasian and uncle of Titus and Domitian, whose niece, Flavia Domitilla, he married. In 95AD he held a consular office together with Domitian. The following year Domitian beheaded him for the Christian faith.</ref> beheaded by his nephew Domitian, [[June 22]]. | ||
| − | *98 [[Clement of Rome|Clement]], <ref>The date is uncertain. Early sources noted that he died a natural death, perhaps in Greece. A tradition dated from the ninth century tells of his martyrdom in Crimea in 102 by drowning when thrown overboard from a boat with a ship’s anchor tied to him.</ref> 3rd bishop of Rome, [[November 25]]. | + | |
| + | *98 [[Melyos of Alexandria|Melyos]], 3rd bishop of Alexandria, [[September 12]]; [[Clement of Rome|Clement]], <ref>The date is uncertain. Early sources noted that he died a natural death, perhaps in Greece. A tradition dated from the ninth century tells of his martyrdom in Crimea in 102 by drowning when thrown overboard from a boat with a ship’s anchor tied to him.</ref> 3rd bishop of Rome, [[November 25]]. | ||
| + | |||
*99 Maro, Eutyches and Victorinus, <ref>They belonged to the circle of Flavia Domitilla, whome they accompanied in exile to the island of Ponza. Eventually they retured to Rome and were martyred under Trajan.</ref>, martyred under Trajan, [[April 15]]. | *99 Maro, Eutyches and Victorinus, <ref>They belonged to the circle of Flavia Domitilla, whome they accompanied in exile to the island of Ponza. Eventually they retured to Rome and were martyred under Trajan.</ref>, martyred under Trajan, [[April 15]]. | ||
| − | *100 Nereus and Achilleus, <ref> Pretorian soldiers, by tradition baptised by the Apostle Peter, and exiled with Flavia Domitilla to Pontia and later to Terracina in Italy</ref> beheaded in Terracina (Italy), [[May 12]]; Geruntius of Italica, | + | |
| − | *100 '''Death <ref>Account of the miracle that occured at his grave: When over 100 years old, St. John took seven disciples outside of Ephesus and had them dig a grave in the shape of a cross. St. John then went into the grave, and the disciples buried him there, alive. Later on, when his grave was opened, St. John’s body was not there. ‘On May 8 of each year, dust rises up from his grave, by which the sick are healed of various diseases.’</ref> of [[Apostle John|St. John the Theologian]] in Ephesus.''' | + | *100 |
| + | ** Nereus and Achilleus, <ref> Pretorian soldiers, by tradition baptised by the Apostle Peter, and exiled with Flavia Domitilla to Pontia and later to Terracina in Italy</ref> beheaded in Terracina (Italy), [[May 12]]; | ||
| + | ** Geruntius of Italica, Bp. of Talco (Italica, near Seville) and martyr <ref>A missionary in Spain in the Apostolic Age</ref> [[August 25]]; | ||
| + | ** Prosdocimus, 1st Bp. of Padua in Italy, [[November 7]]; | ||
| + | ** 100 '''Death <ref>Account of the miracle that occured at his grave: When over 100 years old, St. John took seven disciples outside of Ephesus and had them dig a grave in the shape of a cross. St. John then went into the grave, and the disciples buried him there, alive. Later on, when his grave was opened, St. John’s body was not there. ‘On May 8 of each year, dust rises up from his grave, by which the sick are healed of various diseases.’</ref> of [[Apostle John|St. John the Theologian]] in Ephesus.''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | == First Century unknown dates == | ||
| + | * [[Apostle Titus]], Bp. of Crete (ordained by [[Apostle Paul|Paul]]), died peacefully 97 y.o., [[August 25]]. | ||
| + | * [[Apostle Zenas]], Bp. of Diospolis (or Lydda) in Palestine, [[September 27]]. <ref>The Holy Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, a disciple and co-worker with the first-ranked Apostle Paul, was called a lawyer, since he was a learned man and led juridical matters in church courts. He is mentioned in the Epistle of the holy Apostle Paul to Titus (Titus 3:13): "Help Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their way; see that they lack nothing." Afterwards, St Zenas became bishop of the city of Diospolis (or Lydda) in Palestine.</ref> | ||
| + | * [[Hierotheus of Athens]], martyrs death late in the first century, [[October 4]]. | ||
| + | * The second Holy-unmercenaries and relatives of the Holy [[Apostle Paul]], [[Zenaida and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia]], [[October 11]]. | ||
| + | |||
''Close of the Apostolic Age'' | ''Close of the Apostolic Age'' | ||
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*[[Cornelius the Centurion]], first Gentile convert (Acts 10:10-16) and first bishop of Caesarea &/or bishop of Scepsis in Mysia, [[February 2]]. | *[[Cornelius the Centurion]], first Gentile convert (Acts 10:10-16) and first bishop of Caesarea &/or bishop of Scepsis in Mysia, [[February 2]]. | ||
---> | ---> | ||
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| + | <includeonly>[[Category:Saints]]</includeonly> | ||
| + | <noinclude> | ||
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| + | This template displays the series box and includes the article in [[:Category:Saints]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Series templates|Timeline of Saints]] | ||
| + | </noinclude> | ||
Latest revision as of 21:23, August 7, 2015
Contents
New Testament Era (1-30)
Since the deaths of many of the biblical personalities can not be traced, for the purposes of the New Testament era, we will list the chronological appearance of these same personalities, as they are documented in the Scripture.
- 12 Tiberius I, stepson of Augustus, became emperor of Rome
- 25-26 c, Death of Joseph the Betrothed [1]
- 27 c, John the Baptist [2] begins his ministry including the Baptism of Christ
- 27 September 1: According to Holy Tradition, Christ entered the synagogue on September 1 to announce His mission to mankind (Luke 4:16-22).[3]
- 27-30 c, Three year ministry of Christ [4]
- 28 c, John the Baptist is executed by Herod Antipas [5]
- 30 c, Other events: First death of Lazarus; Dismas the thief crucified on Golgotha Hill outside Jerusalem alongside Christ, the first to enter heaven (Luke 23:43); Judas Iscariot hangs himself.
- 30 Death and Resurrection of Lord Jesus Christ the Son of God. [6]
Apostolic Era (30-100)
The Apostolic period can begin with the death of Christ, or from the Day of Pentecost, and ends with the Apostle John and covers about seventy years.
- 31 Protomartyr of christianity Apostle Stephen delivers a speech before the Sanhedrin (Acts 6:8-8:1) and is stoned to death December 27.
After the Ascension of the Saviour to Heaven, the Apostles preach the Good News to various parts of the world:
- Apostle Thaddeus preaches to Syria and Mesopotamia. He preaches the Gospel to Edessa and converts King Abgar.
- 34 Death of Philip, tetrach of Iturea; Apostle Nikanor the deacon (Acts 6:1-6), d. July 28
- 35 c, Ignatius of Antioch born.
- 35-44 c, The Dormition [7] of the Theotokos, the Mother of Christ, August 15.
- 36 Tiberius orders the death of Annas and Pontius Pilate for their involvement in the Death of Christ, adter being informed so by Mary Magdalene. Caiaphas died on his way to the trial.[8]
- 37 End of Tiberius' reign.
- 44 Agrippa I beheads Apostle James (son of Zebedee and brother of John), July 25; c, Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy (not Judas), Bp. of Edessa, August 21.
Agrippa I is eaten by worms and dies.
- 50
- Gamaliel [9], teacher of the Apostle Paul dies.
- Rite of baptism develops independently of synagogue.
- Eucharistic rite develops independently of syngague.
- 52 First Apostolic Council takes place in Jerusalem.
- 53
- c. Hierotheus of Athens[10] baptised by the Apostle Paul
- Apostle Evodus of the Seventy appointed by the holy Apostle Peter as 2nd Bp. of Antioch.
- 54 Claudius dies, probably poisoned. Apostle Stachys, of the Seventy, 2nd Bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), October 31.
- 59 c, Probus, bishop of Verona in Italy, January 12 citation needed
- 60-62 c, Apostle Andrew, [11] 1st bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), November 30
- 60-63 c, Second death of Lazarus, Bishop of Kittium.
- 60 Saints Aristarchos, Pudens (2 Tim. 4:21), and Trophimos, the Apostles of the Seventy, April 14.
- 61 c, Apostle Barnabas, founder of the Church of Cyprus, traditionally thought to have been martyred in Salamis.
- 62 Porcius Festus dies.; Apostle James, the brother of the Lord and first bishop of Jerusalem, is stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, during the short interval between Porcius Festus and Albinus [12].
- 63 Apostle Matthias August 9, stoned to death at the instigation of the Sanhedrin, Jerusalem.
- 64
- 66
- Evellius, advisor of Nero, converted to Christ on witnessing the patience of the martyrs and then himself martyred in Pisa, Italy, May 11;
- Hermagoras and Fortunatus, according to tradition, Hermagoras was a disciple of Apostle Mark and was consecrated Bishop of Auileia in Italy. He and his deacon Fortunatus were beheaded under Nero, July 12;
- Priscus, 1st bishop of Capua, Italy sent by Apostle Peter, martyred under Nero, September 1;
- Photine of Samaria, Anatole, Photo, Photis, Paraskeve, Kyriake, Photinos and Joses and the Duke Sebastianos, martyred under Emperor Nero.
- Christians arrive in Antioch from Jerusalem
- 67 c, Paul, founder of the Church of Rome, beheaded in Rome;
- 68
- Apostle Onesimus of the Seventy, 3rd bishop of Byzantium (Constantinople), February 15;
- Anastasia and Basilissa, martyrs in Rome [14] April 15.
- 70 the Roman emperor Titus captures and destroys Jerusalem. The Romans demolish the Jewish temple and under difficult conditions the Christians emigrate in Pella in the east bank of Jordan river.
- 78 Apollinaris, 1st Bp. of Ravenna, suffered persecution under Emperor Vespasian July 23; Candida the Elder, [17] September 4.
- 84
- c, Apostle Luke near Boeotia, Greece [[ ]] [19];
- after the death of Apostle Luke, Ananias transfers the Panagia Soumela icon painted by Luke to Athens where it is venerated as the "Panagia Athiniotissa".
- 88 Anacletus, 2nd Bp. of Rome.
- 89 Polucarpus I, Bp. of Byzantium (Constantinople).
90-96 (2nd) Persection of Christians under Emperor Domitian
- 90
- Onesimus, [20] February 16; Birillus, bishop of Catania (Sicily), [21] March 21;
- Romulus and companions, [22] July 6;
- Nicomedes, [23] September 15;
- Rufus of Rome, [24] November 21.
- "The Apocalypse" (Revelation) written by John the Theologian in Patmos.
- 92 Mark of Galilee, [25] 1st bishop of Abruzzi (Italy), April 28.
- 96 Martyrdom of Dionysius the Areopagite of the Seventy; Flavius Clemens, [26] beheaded by his nephew Domitian, June 22.
- 98 Melyos, 3rd bishop of Alexandria, September 12; Clement, [27] 3rd bishop of Rome, November 25.
- 100
- Nereus and Achilleus, [29] beheaded in Terracina (Italy), May 12;
- Geruntius of Italica, Bp. of Talco (Italica, near Seville) and martyr [30] August 25;
- Prosdocimus, 1st Bp. of Padua in Italy, November 7;
- 100 Death [31] of St. John the Theologian in Ephesus.
First Century unknown dates
- Apostle Titus, Bp. of Crete (ordained by Paul), died peacefully 97 y.o., August 25.
- Apostle Zenas, Bp. of Diospolis (or Lydda) in Palestine, September 27. [32]
- Hierotheus of Athens, martyrs death late in the first century, October 4.
- The second Holy-unmercenaries and relatives of the Holy Apostle Paul, Zenaida and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia, October 11.
Close of the Apostolic Age
- ↑ The apocryphal account, "The History of Joseph", a 4th century document the last years of Joseph's life. According to St. Epiphanios of Cyprus (c315-403), the Elder Joseph lived to a profound old age, having entered into rest at the age of one hundred and ten years old. He reposed just before Christ entered His public ministry to preach the Gospel
- ↑ The Ministry of St. John the Baptist begins in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2). He preaches, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 3:1-2) and baptising Christ in the Jordan (Mark 1:4-11)
- ↑ Quoting Isaiah 61:1-2), the Savior proclaimed, "The spirit of the Lord is upon me; because He has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; He has sent me to proclaim release to captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord…" This scene is depicted in a Vatican manuscript (Vatican, Biblioteca. Cod. Gr. 1613, p.1).
- ↑ The three year ministry of Christ includes the appointment of the Twelve Apostles, Sermon on the Mount, miracles, transfiguration, etc
- ↑ The execution of Saint John the Baptist has been recorded in "Antiquitates Judaicae" in Latin published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about 93 or 94 AD, 18.5.2
- ↑ 30AD is thought to be the most accurate dating of the death, resurrection and Pentecost amongst academics and has been used for this article in lieu of 33AD.
- ↑ At the time of her death tradition states she was in her early fifties.
- ↑ The Great Synaxaristes
- ↑ Gamaliel is celebrated as a Pharisee doctor of Jewish Law, who was the teacher of Apostle Paul; the author of the Book of Acts portrays Gamaliel with great respect (Acts 5:34, 22:3)
- ↑ According to tradition, Hierotheus was present with St. Dionysius the Areopagite at the Dormition of the Theotokos. Tradition is not clear whether he is the first Bishop of Athens since other traditions place Dionysius in this role.
- ↑ Apostle Andrew is traditionally thought to have been martyred in Achaia at Patras by cruxifixion.
- ↑ The death of James the Just is also recorded in "Antiquitates Judaicae" published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, 20.9.1
- ↑ Source: w:First Martyrs of the Church of Rome
- ↑ Noble Roman ladies, disciples of the Apostles Paul and Peter, whose bodies they buried. They were martyred under Nero.
- ↑ A virgin martyred in Terni in Italy at the same time as Bishop Valentine.
- ↑ The first bishop of Rome. A disciple of the Apostle Paul, he was one of the Seventy and is mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21. He was bishop for twelve years and is venerated as a martyr.
- ↑ An aged woman who welcomed the Apostle Peter in Naples and was miraculously healed by him. In her turn she convered St. Aspren who became the first Bishop of Naples.
- ↑ A matron from Rome baptised by the Apostle Peter who converted her husband and her son, St. Nazarius. Her relics are enshrined in Milan and Cremona in Italy.
- ↑ Dating by Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke.
- ↑ The slave who ran away from his master Philemon and was converted by St. Paul in Rome and was the occasion of the Apostle's letter to Philemon.
- ↑ By tradition he was consecrated first Bishop of Catania in Sicily by the Apostle Peter, with whom he had travelled from Antioch. He reposed in extreme old age.
- ↑ By tradition ordained by the Apostle Peter as first pastor of Fiesole, he was martyred with several companions under Domitian
- ↑ By tradition he was a priest martyred in Rome, perhaps under Domitian.
- ↑ The disciple that St. Paul greets in Romans 16:13.
- ↑ By tradition, a Galilean and the first bishop, and also martyr, of the Abruzzi in Italy.
- ↑ Brother of the Emperor Vespasian and uncle of Titus and Domitian, whose niece, Flavia Domitilla, he married. In 95AD he held a consular office together with Domitian. The following year Domitian beheaded him for the Christian faith.
- ↑ The date is uncertain. Early sources noted that he died a natural death, perhaps in Greece. A tradition dated from the ninth century tells of his martyrdom in Crimea in 102 by drowning when thrown overboard from a boat with a ship’s anchor tied to him.
- ↑ They belonged to the circle of Flavia Domitilla, whome they accompanied in exile to the island of Ponza. Eventually they retured to Rome and were martyred under Trajan.
- ↑ Pretorian soldiers, by tradition baptised by the Apostle Peter, and exiled with Flavia Domitilla to Pontia and later to Terracina in Italy
- ↑ A missionary in Spain in the Apostolic Age
- ↑ Account of the miracle that occured at his grave: When over 100 years old, St. John took seven disciples outside of Ephesus and had them dig a grave in the shape of a cross. St. John then went into the grave, and the disciples buried him there, alive. Later on, when his grave was opened, St. John’s body was not there. ‘On May 8 of each year, dust rises up from his grave, by which the sick are healed of various diseases.’
- ↑ The Holy Apostle Zenas of the Seventy, a disciple and co-worker with the first-ranked Apostle Paul, was called a lawyer, since he was a learned man and led juridical matters in church courts. He is mentioned in the Epistle of the holy Apostle Paul to Titus (Titus 3:13): "Help Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their way; see that they lack nothing." Afterwards, St Zenas became bishop of the city of Diospolis (or Lydda) in Palestine.
