Difference between revisions of "Benjamin I of Constantinople"

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[[Image:Benjamin1.jpg|thumb|Patriarch Benjamin I]]
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His Holiness '''Benjamin I (Kiriakou)''' (Greek: Βενιαμίν A') (1871-1946), was the [[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|266th Successor]] to the [[Apostle Andrew]] and [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] from 1936 to 1946.
  
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His All-Holiness '''Benjamin I''' (Greek: Βενιαμίν A') (1871-1946), was the [[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|266th Successor]] to the [[Apostle Andrew]] and [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] from (1936-1946).
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==Early life==
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He was born in the village of Stypsi in Lesvos in 1871 and later studied at the [[Halki|Theological School of Halki]]. In 1912 he became Metropolitan of Rhodes, and in 1913, Metropolitan of Silyvria, and then later, Metropolitan of Philippolis. In 1921 he was elected Metropolitan of [[Nicea]] and in 1933 as Metropolitan of Iraklion.
  
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== Early Life ==
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==Election controversy and patriarchate ==
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Following the death of Patriarch [[Photius II of Constantinople|Photius]] in 1935, his most likely successor was considered the then Metropolitan of Chalcedon, and later Patriarch, [[Maximus V of Constantinople|Maximus]]. However, the Prefect of Istanbul eliminated (as was his right) Maximus and Joachim from the election. It is believed this may have occurred as a result of a relationship between Iakovos, Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos, who was trying to promote his own candidacy for the Patriarchate and the Turkish Interior Minister and Deputy of Canakkale (of which Imbros and Tenedos were a dependency). However, on [[January 18]], 1936, the [[Holy Synod]] instead elected [[Metropolitan]] Benjamin by a vote of 7 to 6. The contentious nature of the election would prove to make relations within the Patriarchate difficult. His enthronement was marred by hostile episodes.
  
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He was born in the village of Stypsi in [[Lesvos]] in 1871 and later studied at the [[Halki|Theological School of Halki]]. In 1912 he became [[Metropolitan of Rhodes]], and in 1913, [[Metropolitan of Σηλυβρείας]], and then later, [[Metropolitan of Philippolis]]. In 1921 he was elected [[Metropolitan of Nicaea]] and in 1933 as [[Metropolitan of Iraklion]].
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Hitherto, patriarchal elections were announced by the City Prefect, however Patriarch Benjamin's election was announced by both the Turkish President and the Prime Minister, as well as the Minister of the Interior, who all sent congratulatory letters.
  
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== Election Controversy and Patriarchate ==
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Despite the unfavorable conditions of his election and the outbreak of World War II, his reign can be characterized as having consolidated the Patriarchate during a difficult period in its history.
  
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Following the death of [[Photius II|Patriarch Photius]] in 1935, his most likely successor was considered the then [[Metropolitan of Chalcedon]], and later Patriarch, [[Maximus V|Maximus]]. However, the Prefect of Istanbul eliminated (as was his right) Maximus and Joachim from the election. It is believed this may have occured as a result of a relationship between Iakovos, Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos, who was trying to promote his own candidacy for the Patriarchate and the Turkish Interior Minister and Deputy of Canakkale (of which Imbros and Tenedos were a dependency). However, on 18 January 1936, the Holy Synod instead elected Metropolitan Benjamin by a vote of 7 to 6. The contentious nature of the election would prove to make relations within the Patriarchate difficult.
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During his tenure a synodal tome declaring the autocephaly of the Church of Albania was issued (April 3, 1937), the Carpatho-Russian Uniates of the United States returned the Holy Orthodox Church and finally, the autocephaly of the Church of Bulgaria was recognized, healing the schism of 1872.
  
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Despite the unfavorable conditions of his election and the outbreak of World War II, his reign can be characterized as having consolidated the Patriarchate during a difficult period in its history. Also during this time, in 1941 a great fire destroyed the [[Patriarchal Palace]] in the [[Phanar]]. A new Palace was erected in 1989 by [[P. Aggelopoulos]]. Patriarch Benjamin died on 17 February 1946.
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Also during this time, in 1941 a great fire destroyed the [[Patriarchal Palace]] in the [[Phanar]]. A new Palace was erected in 1989 by P. Aggelopoulos. Patriarch Benjamin died on [[February 17]], 1946 after a long illness.
  
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== Sources ==
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Also noteworthy is the fact that Patriarch Benjamin was the first patriarch to be granted formal permission to publicly wear his clerical rason by the Turkish state.
  
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople Wikipedia]
 
  
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[http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD Greek Language Wikipedia]
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==Sources==
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=84278702 ''Patriarch Benjamin I of Constantinople'' at Wikipedia]
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[http://www.ec-patr.gr/list/index.php?lang=en&id=324 Ecumenical Patriarchate]
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*[http://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD&oldid=276629 ''Πατριάρχης Βενιαμίν'' at Wikipedia] (Greek)
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*[http://www.ec-patr.org/list/index.php?lang=en&id=324 Benjamin]
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*[http://www.imr.gr/content.php?menuid=23    History of the Diocese Rhodes] In Greek
  
  
 
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{{start box}}
 
{{succession|
 
{{succession|
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before=[[Photius II]]|
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before=Gerasimos|
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title=Metropolitan of Rhodes|
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years=1912 - 1913|
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after=Apostolos I (Triphonos)}}
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{{succession|
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before=?|
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title=Metropolitan of Silyvria|
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years=1913 - ?|
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after=?}}
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{{succession|
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before=?|
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title=Metropolitan of Philippolis|
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years=? - 1921|
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after=?}}
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{{succession|
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before=?|
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title=Metropolitan of Nicea|
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years=1921 - 1933|
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after=?}}
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{{succession|
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before=?|
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title=Metropolitan of Iraklion|
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years=1933 - 1936|
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after=?}}
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{{succession|
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before=[[Photius II of Constantinople|Photius II]]|
 
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
 
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
 
years=1936-1946|
 
years=1936-1946|
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after=[[Maximus V]]}}
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after=[[Maximus V of Constantinople|Maximus V]]}}
 
{{end box}}
 
{{end box}}
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[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
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[[Category:Bishops]]
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[[Category:Bishops of Rhodes]]
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[[Category:20th-century bishops]]

Latest revision as of 05:09, June 15, 2022

His Holiness Benjamin I (Kiriakou) (Greek: Βενιαμίν A') (1871-1946), was the 266th Successor to the Apostle Andrew and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1936 to 1946.

Early life

He was born in the village of Stypsi in Lesvos in 1871 and later studied at the Theological School of Halki. In 1912 he became Metropolitan of Rhodes, and in 1913, Metropolitan of Silyvria, and then later, Metropolitan of Philippolis. In 1921 he was elected Metropolitan of Nicea and in 1933 as Metropolitan of Iraklion.

Election controversy and patriarchate

Following the death of Patriarch Photius in 1935, his most likely successor was considered the then Metropolitan of Chalcedon, and later Patriarch, Maximus. However, the Prefect of Istanbul eliminated (as was his right) Maximus and Joachim from the election. It is believed this may have occurred as a result of a relationship between Iakovos, Metropolitan of Imbros and Tenedos, who was trying to promote his own candidacy for the Patriarchate and the Turkish Interior Minister and Deputy of Canakkale (of which Imbros and Tenedos were a dependency). However, on January 18, 1936, the Holy Synod instead elected Metropolitan Benjamin by a vote of 7 to 6. The contentious nature of the election would prove to make relations within the Patriarchate difficult. His enthronement was marred by hostile episodes.

Hitherto, patriarchal elections were announced by the City Prefect, however Patriarch Benjamin's election was announced by both the Turkish President and the Prime Minister, as well as the Minister of the Interior, who all sent congratulatory letters.

Despite the unfavorable conditions of his election and the outbreak of World War II, his reign can be characterized as having consolidated the Patriarchate during a difficult period in its history.

During his tenure a synodal tome declaring the autocephaly of the Church of Albania was issued (April 3, 1937), the Carpatho-Russian Uniates of the United States returned the Holy Orthodox Church and finally, the autocephaly of the Church of Bulgaria was recognized, healing the schism of 1872.

Also during this time, in 1941 a great fire destroyed the Patriarchal Palace in the Phanar. A new Palace was erected in 1989 by P. Aggelopoulos. Patriarch Benjamin died on February 17, 1946 after a long illness.

Also noteworthy is the fact that Patriarch Benjamin was the first patriarch to be granted formal permission to publicly wear his clerical rason by the Turkish state.


Sources


Succession box:
Benjamin I of Constantinople
Preceded by:
Gerasimos 		Metropolitan of Rhodes
1912 - 1913 		Succeeded by:
Apostolos I (Triphonos)
Preceded by:
? 		Metropolitan of Silyvria
1913 - ? 		Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
? 		Metropolitan of Philippolis
? - 1921 		Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
? 		Metropolitan of Nicea
1921 - 1933 		Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
? 		Metropolitan of Iraklion
1933 - 1936 		Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
Photius II 		Patriarch of Constantinople
1936-1946 		Succeeded by:
Maximus V
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