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| + | '''Halloween''' or '''Hallowe'en''' (a contraction of ''"All Hallows' Evening"'',<ref>"Of the stated rustic festivals peculiar to Scotland the most important was Hallowe'en, a contraction for All-hallow Evening, or the evening of All-Saints Day, the annual return of which was a season for joy and festivity." | ||
| + | :* Thomas Thomson and Charles Annandale. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=YVgJAAAAIAAJ&q=Hallowe%27en+contraction&dq=Hallowe%27en+contraction&hl=en&ei=Y6i8TtXJOcargwe2lN28Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times: From the Union of the kingdoms, 1706, to the present time].'' Blackie, 1896. p. 496. Retrieved 30 October 2013.</ref> or '''All Hallows' Eve''',<ref>"Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day...The pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date." | ||
| + | :* ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA408&dq=all+hallow%27s+eve+christian+origin&hl=en&ei=dUyvTrfhIYetgwen5YiCAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions].'' Merriam-Webster, 1999. p. 408. Retrieved 30 October 2013.</ref>) is a yearly celebration observed in a number of countries by non-Orthodox Christians, in various manners, on [[October 31]]. | ||
| − | == | + | For Western Christians, particularly Roman Catholics, [[October 31]] initiates the '''[[w:Triduum|Triduum]] of [[w:Hallowmas|Hallowmas]]''', encompassing the Western Christian observances of: All Hallows' Eve (''Hallowe'en''), All Saints' Day (''All Hallows''),<ref>Orthodox Christians observe this day on the Saturday after [[Pentecost]].</ref> and [[w:All Souls' Day|All Soul's Day]] (''Commemoration of All Faithful Departed''), which lasts from October 31 to November 2 annually. These three dates (Triduum of Hallowmas) were set in the 9th century AD by Pope [[Gregory IV of Rome|Gregory IV]].<ref>"...One hundred years later, Pope [[Gregory IV of Rome|Gregory IV]] decided that All Hallows' Eve would be held on October 31, All Saints' Day on November 1, and All Souls' day on November 2." |
| − | * Bp. (now Abp.) Kyrill of Seattle (now of San Francisco). ''[http://www. | + | :* Richard Webster. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=m1-xCL47_7QC&pg=PA125&dq=All+Hallows+Pope&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dY-TUIvLHbHwiQKko4CYAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=All%20Hallows%20Pope&f=false The Encyclopedia of Superstitions].'' Llewellyn Worldwide, 2012. p. 125. ISBN 0738712779. Retrieved 30 October 2013.</ref> |
| − | * Archpriest Victor Potapov. ''"[http://stjohndc.org/Russian/homilies/e_HOMHALWN.HTM Concerning Halloween]".'' '''Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington, D.C.''' | + | |
| + | According to some scholars, All Hallows' Eve is a Christianized feast initially influenced by Celtic harvest festivals,<ref>"It is widely believed that many Hallowe'en traditions have evolved from an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain which was Christianised by the early Church." | ||
| + | :* "[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/halloween_1.shtml BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve]". '''British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)'''. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 30 October 2013.</ref><ref>''"[http://www.history.com/topics/halloween Halloween]."'' '''History.com'''. Retrieved 2013-10-30.</ref> with possible pagan roots, particularly the [[w:Gaelic|Gaelic]] [[w:Samhain|Samhain]]. However, according to other academics, All Hallows' Eve originated independently of Samhain and has solely Christian roots,<ref>"The ''Oxford Dictionary of World Religions'' also claims that Hallowe'en "absorbed and adopted the Celtic new year festival, the eve and day of Samhain". However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November." | ||
| + | :* ''"[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/halloween_1.shtml BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve]".'' '''British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)'''. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 30 October 2013.</ref> becoming a secular observance in the modern era, and said to be based upon the [[Paganism|pagan]] observances of the ancient Druidic Celts. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In the United States, modern day Halloween was established as a civil festival in 1921, when the city of Anoka, Minnesota made it an official civic event. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Protestant Evangelicals sometimes attack some of the Hallowe'en customs as "satanic", "druidic", "demonic" or "occult". These (largely inaccurate) characterizations arise mostly from the hostility of their Puritan forebears to the [[veneration]] of [[Saints]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Although Orthodox Christians observe All Hallows' Day on the First Sunday after Pentecost, the Orthodox Church recommends the observance of [[Vespers]] and/or a [[Paraklesis]] on the Western observance of All Hallows' Eve, out of the pastoral need to provide an alternative to popular celebrations.<ref>St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church (T.O.C.). ''[http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note11.htm No. 11 - Do Orthodox Christians Observe Halloween?]''</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Orthodox Resources== | ||
| + | '''Articles''' | ||
| + | * Bp. (now Abp.) Kyrill of Seattle (now of San Francisco). ''[http://www.orthodoxheritage.org/MOM%2010%202012.htm On Halloween].'' '''Orthodox Life''', Vol. 43:5 (Sept./Oct. 1993). | ||
| + | * Bp. Alexander (Mileant). ''[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/halloween_e.htm The Joyous Feast of the Pumpkin (Halloween)].'' '''Holy Trinity Orthodox Mission''' - Missionary Leaflet # E62d. La Canada, Ca, 2003. | ||
| + | * Archpriest Victor Potapov. ''"[http://stjohndc.org/Russian/homilies/HomiliesE/e_HOMHALWN.HTM Concerning Halloween]".'' '''Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington, D.C.''' | ||
* St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church (T.O.C.). ''[http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note11.htm No. 11 - Do Orthodox Christians Observe Halloween?]'' | * St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church (T.O.C.). ''[http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note11.htm No. 11 - Do Orthodox Christians Observe Halloween?]'' | ||
| + | * ''[http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/ccp7/index.php?app=ecom&ns=prodshow&ref=3HARRYEP1 The Truth Behind the Story].'' A pamphlet of [[St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery (Florence, Arizona)|St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Books''' | ||
| + | * Archimandrite Vassilios Bakoyannis. ''[http://www.amazon.com/Confronting-Occult-Vassilios-Archim-Bakoyannis/dp/B003UD9FA0 Confronting the Devil, Magic & the Occult].'' Orthodox Book Centre, Athens 2003. 172 pp. | ||
| + | * Michael Whelton. ''[http://reginaorthodoxpress.stores.yahoo.net/falsegods.html False Gods: Counterfeit Spirituality in an Age of Anxiety].'' Regina Orthodox Press, 2002. | ||
| − | + | '''For Children''' | |
| − | '''Children | ||
* Dennis Eugene Engleman. ''[http://www.reginaorthodoxpress.com/hatodeeuenby.html Halloween Town].'' Illustrated by Niko Chocheli. Regina Orthodox Press, 2009. | * Dennis Eugene Engleman. ''[http://www.reginaorthodoxpress.com/hatodeeuenby.html Halloween Town].'' Illustrated by Niko Chocheli. Regina Orthodox Press, 2009. | ||
| − | + | * ''[http://www.orthodoxchristianchildren.com/index.php?page=shop.browse&category_id=46&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=3&vmcchk=1&Itemid=3 Against Halloween & Magic].'' Orthodox Christian Children.com (Inspiring the Ancient Church's Future Generation). | |
| − | * | + | |
| − | * | + | ==References== |
| − | * | + | <div><references/></div> |
| + | |||
| + | ==Sources== | ||
| + | * [[w:Halloween|Halloween]]. Wikipedia. | ||
| + | * [http://www.answers.com/topic/halloween Halloween]. Answers. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 20: | Line 46: | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | * | + | * ''[http://khanya.wordpress.com/2007/10/15/halloween-synchroblog/ Who stole Hallowe'en].'' Khanya Blog. 15 October 2007. |
| − | + | * ''[http://khanya.wordpress.com/2009/09/18/evangelicals-and-halloween/ Evangelicals and Hallowe'en].'' Khanya Blog. 18 September 2009. | |
[[Category:Church Life]] | [[Category:Church Life]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:22, October 30, 2013
This article or section is a stub (i.e., in need of additional material). You can help OrthodoxWiki by expanding it.
Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of "All Hallows' Evening",[1] or All Hallows' Eve,[2]) is a yearly celebration observed in a number of countries by non-Orthodox Christians, in various manners, on October 31.
For Western Christians, particularly Roman Catholics, October 31 initiates the Triduum of Hallowmas, encompassing the Western Christian observances of: All Hallows' Eve (Hallowe'en), All Saints' Day (All Hallows),[3] and All Soul's Day (Commemoration of All Faithful Departed), which lasts from October 31 to November 2 annually. These three dates (Triduum of Hallowmas) were set in the 9th century AD by Pope Gregory IV.[4]
According to some scholars, All Hallows' Eve is a Christianized feast initially influenced by Celtic harvest festivals,[5][6] with possible pagan roots, particularly the Gaelic Samhain. However, according to other academics, All Hallows' Eve originated independently of Samhain and has solely Christian roots,[7] becoming a secular observance in the modern era, and said to be based upon the pagan observances of the ancient Druidic Celts.
In the United States, modern day Halloween was established as a civil festival in 1921, when the city of Anoka, Minnesota made it an official civic event.
Protestant Evangelicals sometimes attack some of the Hallowe'en customs as "satanic", "druidic", "demonic" or "occult". These (largely inaccurate) characterizations arise mostly from the hostility of their Puritan forebears to the veneration of Saints.
Although Orthodox Christians observe All Hallows' Day on the First Sunday after Pentecost, the Orthodox Church recommends the observance of Vespers and/or a Paraklesis on the Western observance of All Hallows' Eve, out of the pastoral need to provide an alternative to popular celebrations.[8]
Orthodox Resources
Articles
- Bp. (now Abp.) Kyrill of Seattle (now of San Francisco). On Halloween. Orthodox Life, Vol. 43:5 (Sept./Oct. 1993).
- Bp. Alexander (Mileant). The Joyous Feast of the Pumpkin (Halloween). Holy Trinity Orthodox Mission - Missionary Leaflet # E62d. La Canada, Ca, 2003.
- Archpriest Victor Potapov. "Concerning Halloween". Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington, D.C.
- St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church (T.O.C.). No. 11 - Do Orthodox Christians Observe Halloween?
- The Truth Behind the Story. A pamphlet of St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery.
Books
- Archimandrite Vassilios Bakoyannis. Confronting the Devil, Magic & the Occult. Orthodox Book Centre, Athens 2003. 172 pp.
- Michael Whelton. False Gods: Counterfeit Spirituality in an Age of Anxiety. Regina Orthodox Press, 2002.
For Children
- Dennis Eugene Engleman. Halloween Town. Illustrated by Niko Chocheli. Regina Orthodox Press, 2009.
- Against Halloween & Magic. Orthodox Christian Children.com (Inspiring the Ancient Church's Future Generation).
References
- ↑ "Of the stated rustic festivals peculiar to Scotland the most important was Hallowe'en, a contraction for All-hallow Evening, or the evening of All-Saints Day, the annual return of which was a season for joy and festivity."
- Thomas Thomson and Charles Annandale. A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times: From the Union of the kingdoms, 1706, to the present time. Blackie, 1896. p. 496. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ "Halloween, also called All Hallows' Eve, holy or hallowed evening observed on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day...The pre-Christian observances influenced the Christian festival of All Hallows' Eve, celebrated on the same date."
- Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster, 1999. p. 408. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ Orthodox Christians observe this day on the Saturday after Pentecost.
- ↑ "...One hundred years later, Pope Gregory IV decided that All Hallows' Eve would be held on October 31, All Saints' Day on November 1, and All Souls' day on November 2."
- Richard Webster. The Encyclopedia of Superstitions. Llewellyn Worldwide, 2012. p. 125. ISBN 0738712779. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ "It is widely believed that many Hallowe'en traditions have evolved from an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain which was Christianised by the early Church."
- "BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ "Halloween." History.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30.
- ↑ "The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions also claims that Hallowe'en "absorbed and adopted the Celtic new year festival, the eve and day of Samhain". However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November."
- "BBC – Religions – Christianity: All Hallows' Eve". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church (T.O.C.). No. 11 - Do Orthodox Christians Observe Halloween?
Sources
See also
Wikipedia
External Links
- Who stole Hallowe'en. Khanya Blog. 15 October 2007.
- Evangelicals and Hallowe'en. Khanya Blog. 18 September 2009.
