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{{cleanup|import from wikipedia, needs links}}{{orientalchurches}}The '''Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch''' or '''Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch''' is one of the [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches. It [[schism|separated]] from the [[Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Church]] after the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] (AD 451). It is sometimes referred to as ''Jacobite'' (though this term is at times taken as derogatory) on account of the source of much of its [[bishop|episcopacy]], [[Jacob Baradeus]].

The present location '''Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch''' or '''Patriarchate of Antioch''' is one of the [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches. Prior to the Holy [[SeeFourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 the Church of Antioch was united, but after the Council two lines of patriarchs arose, one supported by the East Roman Empire that favored Chalcedon and another persecuted by the East Romans that rejected Chalcedon. The Church is situated in Bab Touma, in also known as the ''Jacobite'' Church after one of the city more prominent leaders of Damascusthe movement against Chalcedon, SyriaSt. [[Jacob Baradeus]], and follows the [[West Syrian Rite]].

==History==The current leader Syriac Orthodox Church is His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwasone of the oldest churches in the world, having its roots in the city of Antioch (modern Antakya, Patriarch Turkey) where the disciples of the Lord were first called Christians. Antioch was one of the great cities of the East under the Roman Empire and all played a central role in the East, Supreme Head life of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Churchin Cilicia, Syria, and Mesopotamia. At the Council of Nicaea in 325 it was recognized as a patriarchate alongside Rome and Alexandria.

== Official name ==The church is often referred to as Jacobite Although most Orthodox in Antioch spoke Greek, in the countryside Aramic (after Jacob Baradaeusmodern Syriac) or Monophysite, but these terms are misleading, was more widely spoken and not appreciated by consequently Syriac took its place as one of the some ancient liturgical languages of the church todayChurch. In 2000, a Holy Synod ruled that It has the name distinction of being the church in English should be language spoken by the "'Syriac Orthodox Church". Before this, it wasLord, unlike the Greek used to write the Gospels and often still is, known as other books of the "Syrian Orthodox Church"New Testament. The name While Antioch was changed to disassociate the church from preeminent center of the polity of Syria. The official name Church of the church Antioch early in Syriac is ʿIdto Suryoyto Triṣuṯ Šuḇḥoits history, this name has not changed, nor has the name changed cities of Edessa (modern Urfa) and Nisibis (modern Nusaybin) also played a significant role in any other languagethe development of Syriac Orthodoxy.

== Place in Christianity ==The Syriac Orthodox Church is one of Antioch played a central role in the first particular churches three ecumenical councils that shaped the doctrine and structure of Christianity, established in Antioch by the Apostle StOrthodox Church. Peter in 34 AD. The current head of After the split over Chalcedon a struggle developed within the Syriac Orthodox Church is for the Patriarch His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwascontrol of the patriarchate, who resides with the Roman emperors generally favoring those in Damascusfavor of Chalcedon, but occasionally also supporting those who opposed it. In 518 the capital of Syriaanti-Chalcedon patriarch, St. The Church has about 26 archdioceses and 11 patriarchal vicariates. Patriarch Zakka was enthroned head of the church on [[September 14Severus of Antioch]], 1980, on was exiled from the city and never returned. Since then the feast patriarchs of the Cross. Syriac Orthodox faithful around the world took part in Church have changed the silver jubilee celebrations seat of his their patriarchate in 2005several times. The Church follows Aleppo, Malatya, Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Homs all served as seats of the [[West Syrian Rite|West Syrian rite]]Patriarchs of Antioch, who only moved to Damascus in 1959.

== Patriarchate and other central institutions Church Worldwide Today==The spiritual care of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch was vested in the Bishop of Antioch from the earliest years of Christianity. The first among the Bishops of Antioch was St. Peter who today is believed to have established a church headquartered at Antioch in AD 33. Given the antiquity of the bishopric of Antioch and the importance of the Church in the city of Antioch which was a commercially significant city in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire, the First Council of [[Nicea]] (AD 325) recognized the bishopric as a Patriarchate along with the bishoprics of Rome, Alexandria, and Jerusalem, bestowing authority for the Church in Antioch and All of the East on the Patriarch. (The Synod of Constantinople in AD 381 recognized the See of Constantinople also as a Patriarchate). Even though the Synod of Nicea was convened by the Roman Emperor Constantine, the authority of the ecumenical synod was also accepted by the Church in the Persian Empire which was politically isolated from the Churches in the Roman Empire. Until AD 498, this Church accepted the spiritual authority of the Patriarch of Antioch. The Christological controversies that followed the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451 resulted in a long struggle for the Patriarchate between those who accepted and those who rejected the Council. In AD 518, Patriarch Mor Severius was exiled from the city of Antioch and took refuge in Alexandria. On account of many historical upheavals and consequent hardships which the church had to undergo, the Patriarchate was transferred to different monasteries in Mesopotamia for centuries. In the 13th century it was transferred in the Mor Hananyo Monastery (Deir al-Za`faran), in southeastern Turkey near Mardin, where it remained until 1933. Due to an adverse political situation, it was transferred to Homs, Syria and in 1959 was transferred again to Damascus. The Patriarchate office is now in Bab Touma, in Damascus, capital of Syria; but the Patriarch resides at the Mor Aphrem Monastery in Ma`arat Sayyidnaya located about twenty five kilometers north of Damascus. ===St. Aphrem Syrian Orthodox Theological Seminary===Patriarch Aphrem I Barsoum (†1957) established St. Aphrem's Clerical School in 1934 in Zahle, Lebanon. In 1946 it was moved to Mosul, Iraq, where it provided the Church with a good selection of graduates, the first among them being His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas and many other of the Church's eminences. In 1962 Patriarch Yakub III moved it back to Zahle, Lebanon. In the year 1968 Patriarch Yakub III put up a building for the seminary in 'Atshanneh, Bekfeyah, Lebanon, where it remained until just before 1976 when its doors were closed because of the war clouds breaking over Lebanon. In the year 1980 His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas was installed as Patriarch and one of the most important matters on His Holiness' mind was the issue of the seminary. The Holy Synod decided that Damascus should be the site of the seminary. His Holiness opened the institute in an old building in Haret al-Zeitoun in Bab Sharqi. His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas' dream came true in 1996 with the construction of a beautiful new structure which became the location of St. Aphrem's Clerical Seminary. The building was dedicated on the 14th of September, 1996. The new building is located in the municipality of Ma`arat Saidnaya, about twenty five kilometers north of Damascus. The building has five floors: the first floor (basement) has a kitchen and a large dining hall as well as rooms for services and storage; the second floor (ground floor) contains classrooms for the four years of study at the seminary, the students' library, administrative and reception offices, a lecture hall, a reception hall, a computer room, and two clinics, dental and general; the third floor has rooms for bishops, priests and seminarians. On the fourth floor is a small church named after St. Aphrem the Syrian that hold about 200 people. There is also Excluding the patriarchal wing, which included the patriarchal library, a reception hall and special wing for visiting patriarchs. The monks live in small rooms or cells on the fifth floor. The monastery and the church have a number of icons of our Lord Jesus Christ, St. Mary and St. Aphrem. Nuns from the Demyana Coptic Orthodox Convent in Egypt painted these icons. ===St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral and the Crypts for the Patriarchs of Antioch===An important tradition in the Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church is keeping the crypts of the Antiochean Patriarchs in a special place in the monasteries that served as their seat. Thus, the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul was built to house the crypts of the patriarchs. The area of the church is 250 square meters, and the basement area is 85 square meters, with an area specially designated for the crypts of India the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch. Entrance to the crypts Church is possible from inside the church or from the outside. the cathedral was built in the shape of a cross divided into 27 archdioceses and seats around 800 people. The cathedral contain icons of our Lord Jesus, St. Mary, St. Peter and St. Paul and of patriarchal vicariates scattered across the baptism of the Lord Jesus by his servant John the Baptistglobe. The icons are the work current primate of the nuns from the St. Demyana Coptic Orthodox Convent in Egypt. The church has a bell tower with a cross and bells, built at an height of 22 meters. It Church is worth noting that the Greek Orthodox Synod under the headship of His Grace Archbishop Seraphim gave the monastery three bells as a token of their appreciation for His Holiness Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I (Iwas ) of Antioch and All the Syriac Orthodox ChurchEast.

 The Orthodox Church in India is in a pitty difficult stage due to conflict between the ''Patriarch of Antioch'' and the ''Catholicos of East''. As both of them were not ready for a compromise, there arose many civil disputes.

==SourceStructure==*[[Wikipedia:Archdiocese of Aleppo (Syria)*Archdiocese of Baghdad and Basra (Iraq)*Archdiocese of Beirut (Lebanon)*Archdiocese of Dayro d'Mor Mattai (Iraq)*Archdiocese of Homs and Hama (Syria)*Archdiocese of Jazirah and the Euphrates (Syria)*Archdiocese of Mosul (Iraq)*Archdiocese of Mount Lebanon (Lebanon)*Archdiocese of Scandinavia*Archdiocese of Tur Abdin (Turkey)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Adiyaman (Turkey)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Argentina*Patriarchal Vicariate of Australia and New Zealand (Oceania)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Belgium and France*Patriarchal Vicariate of Brazil*Patriarchal Vicariate of Canada*Patriarchal Vicariate of Constantinople (Turkey)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Damascus (Syria)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Eastern United States*Patriarchal Vicariate of Great Britain*Patriarchal Vicariate of Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Israel, Jordan, and Palestine)*Patriarchal Vicariate of Mardin (Turkey)*Patriarchal Vicariate of the Netherlands*Patriarchal Vicariate of Northern Germany*Patriarchal Vicariate of Sweden*Patriarchal Vicariate of Switzerland and Austria*Patriarchal Vicariate of the Western United States*Patriarchal Vicariate of Zahle and Bekaa (Lebanon) ==Hierarchy (Outside India)==*Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I of Antioch and All the East*Metropolitan Mor Gregorios of Mosul*Metropolitan Mor Severios of Baghdad and Basra*Metropolitan Mor Gregorios of Aleppo*Metropolitan Mor Theophilos of Mount Lebanon*Metropolitan Mor Timotheos of Tur Abdin*Metropolitan Mor Filuxinos of Constantinople*Metropolitan Mor Julius of Sodertalje (Scandinavia)*Metropolitan Mor Ostatheos of Hassakah (Jazirah and the Euphrates)*Metropolitan Mor Ivanios of Damascus*Metropolitan Mor Clemis of Burbank (Western United States)*Metropolitan Mor Severios of Jerusalem*Metropolitan Mor Cyril of Teaneck (Eastern United States)*Metropolitan Mor Dionysius of Arth (Switzerland and Austria)*Metropolitan Mor Dioscoros of Sodertalje (Sweden)*Metropolitan Mor Silwanos of Homs and Hama*Metropolitan Mor Philoxenos of Mardin*Metropolitan Mor Athanasius of Montreal (Canada)*Metropolitan Mor Militius of Sydney (Australia and New Zealand)*Metropolitan Mor Timotheos of Dayro d'Mor Mattai*Metropolitan Mor Nicholovos of La Plata (Argentina)*Metropolitan Mor Yostinos of Zahle and Bekaa*Metropolitan Mor Clemis of Beirut*Metropolitan Mor Gregorios of Adiyaman*Metropolitan Mor Severios of Brussels (Belgium and France)*Metropolitan Mor Athanasius of London (Great Britain)*Metropolitan Mor Julius of Warburg (Northern Germany)*Metropolitan Mor Polycarpus of Dayro d'Mor Afrem (Netherlands)*Metropolitan Mor Severius, Auxiliary (St. Ephraim's Seminary in Mosul)*Metropolitan Mor Philexinos, Patriarchal Auxiliary (St. Ephraim's Seminary in Damascus)*Metropolitan Mor Dionysius, Patriarchal Auxiliary (Patriarchal Offices) == Official Name ==In 2000 the Holy Synod ruled that the name of the Church in English should be the "Syriac Orthodox Church|''Syriac ". Before this it was, and often still is, known as the "Syrian Orthodox Church'' at Wikipedia]]." The name was changed to disassociate the Church from the polity of Syria. The official name of the Church in Syriac is ʿIdto Suryoyto Triṣuṯ Šuḇḥo, which was not changed in the 2000 ruling.

== External links Links ==*[http://www.syrian-orthodox.com/news.php Patriarchate of Antioch] (Official Website)*[http://new.alepposuryoye.com/ Archdiocese of Aleppo] (Official Website)*[http://www.reyono.net/default.aspx?s=14 Patriarchal Vicariate of Constantinople] (Official Website)*[http://syrianorthodoxchurch.org/ Patriarchal Vicariate of the Eastern United States] (Official Website)*[http://www.soc-wus.org/ Patriarchal Vicariate of the Western United States] (Official Website)