Changes

{{westernrite}}===The Nineteenth Century===

:''Main article: [[Orthodox Church of France]]'' In 1937, the [[Church of Russia]] received a small group under the former Liberal Catholic bishop, Louis-Charles (Irénée) Winnaert (1880-1937), dubbing them under the name ''l'Eglise Orthodoxe Occidentale'' ("Western Orthodox Church"). The Winnaert's work of Winnaert was continued, though not without some occasional with occaisional conflict, by [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Evgraph Kovalevsky]] (1905-1970) and [[Denis (Chambault)|Lucien Chambault (later known as ''Pére Denis'')]], the latter of which oversaw a small Orthodox Benedictine community in the rue d'Alleray in Paris. Also associated with them was the former Benedictine monkAfter 1946, Archimandrite Alexis van der Mensbrugghe (1899-1980), who favorably viewed Kovalevsky developed the restoration [[Orthodox Church of France|Eglise Orthodoxe de France]] to restore the ancient Roman rite cleansed [[Gallican Rite|Gallican usage]] based on the letters of medieval accretions and supplemented by Gallican and Byzantine interpolationsSt. In 1948[[Germanus of Paris|Germanus]], he published his ''Liturgie Orthodoxe de Rite Occidental'' and in 1962 the ''Missel Orthodoxe Rite Occidental''a 6th century [[bishop]] of Paris.

After 1946Archimandrite Alexis (van der Mensbrugghe) was also associated with them, desiring the [[Orthodox Church restoration of France|Eglise Orthodoxe de France]] was developed by Kovalevsky specifically with the intention to restore the ancient [[Gallican Rite|Roman rite, replacing medieval accretions with Gallican usage]], basing his work on the letters of St. [[Germanus of Paris|Germanus]], a 6th century [[bishop]] of Parisand Byzantine interpolations. Eventually Fr. Alexis was consecrated a bishop of the [[Church of Russia]] episcopacy in 1960, continuing his Western Rite work under the auspices of the Moscow Patriarchate.

After some years of isolation, Kovalevsky's group came under the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] between 1959 and 1966, and with Kovalevsky himself was consecrated with the title of in 1964 as Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire de Saint-Denis]] in 1964. During this time, the Eglise Orthodoxe de France received receiving considerable encouragement from St. [[John Maximovitch]] (who was ROCOR's representative in Western Europe at the time), and his death . St. John's repose in 1966 was a serious blow to these French Orthodox Christians, who had had an influential and a holy advocate patron in St. John.

Meanwhile, the While Moscow Patriarchate's Western rite Rite mission withered and came to an endended, but Bishop Jean's church continued to thrive; however, though after St. John's death in 1966repose, they were again on without canonical hiatusprotection. Bishop Jean died reposed in 1970, and then in 1972 re-entered the Church through the [[Church of Romania]] took the Eglise Orthodoxe de France under its [[omophorion]]. Gilles Bertrand-Hardy was then consecrated as Bishop [[Germain (Bertrand-Hardy) of Saint-Denis|Germain de Saint-Denis]], and the restored Gallican rite became the regular liturgy used in the many small French Orthodox [[parish]]es established throughout France. The full splendor of that liturgy can be seen in the Cathedral of St. Irénée in Boulevard Auguste-Blanqui in Paris. In 1994, after a lengthy conflict with the Romanian Holy Synod regarding various canonical irregularities, Bishop Germain was deposed and the Eglise again found itself in canonical limbo with the deposition of Bishop Germain. The Romanian patriarchate established a [[deanery]] under Bishop Germain's brother Archpriest [[Gregoire Bertrand-Hardy]] to minister to those parishes which chose to stay with Romaniathe Romanian Patriarchate.

Ten other parishes that did not wish to remain under the deposed neither remained with Germain (and presumably did not want to remain with nor Romania) formed the ''Union des Associations Cultuelles Orthodoxes de Rite Occidental'' (UACORO) (- the Union of Western Rite Orthodox Worship Associations) , and began negotiations in 2004 with the [[Church of Serbia]] to be taken under its omophorion. Talks officially began in September of 2004.[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.co.uk/Petroc/Michael04.htm] The intended outcome , with the intention of these negotiations is that the UACORO be accepted as part of entering the Church of Serbia's Diocese of France and Western Europe.[http://www.spc.yu/Vesti-2004/12/14-12-04-e.html]

[[Image:Alexander Turner2.jpg|right|frame|Fr. [[Alexander Turner]] celebrating the Mass]]The most successful and stable group of Western Rite parishes originated within the Orthodox Church under Bishop Aftimios in the 1930s as part of the American Orthodox Catholic Church. In 1932, Bp Aftimios consecrated an Episcopalian priest as auxiliary Bishop of Washington and assigned him to the Western Rite parishes. However, in 1934, due to the Bolshevik Revolution which sundered any ethnic unity in America, Bp Aftimios' group was left in canonical limbo.