8,921
edits
Changes
m
→Autocephalous Era (1850-Present): link;1935;1972;1988;1990
*1921 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]] formally formed.
*1922 [[Metropolis of Aitolia and Akarnania]] founded in its modern form; death of [[Ethnomartyr]] Metropolitan [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]], lynched by a Turkish mob incited by Nureddin Pasha on Sunday [[September 10]]; Greek troops advancing on Constantinople are routed by Turks; the predominatly Orthodox Christian city of [[w:Great Fire of Smyrna|Smyrna is destroyed]], ending 1900 years of Christian civilization; Patriarch [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios IV]] transferred the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] from the [[Church of Greece]] back to the jurisdiction of the [[Church of Constantinople]].
*1923 Exchange of Christian and Moslem population between Greece and Turkey; [[w:Treaty of Lausanne|Treaty of Lausanne]] affirmed the international status of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], with Turkey guaranteeing respect and the Patriarchate’s full protection, also granting control of the [[Mount Athos|Holy Mountain]] to Greece; Patriarch ceases to be regarded as head of the Christian Orthodox [[w:Millet (Ottoman Empire)|Millet]] ''(millet-i [[w:Rûm|Rûm]])'' in Turkey; Patriarch [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios Metaxakis]] promulgates [[Revised Julian Calendar|reformed calendar]] (Revised Julian).
*1924 [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]] formally founded; death of [[Arsenios the Cappadocian]].
*1932 Death of Papa-[[Nicholas (Planas)]].
*1933 [[Church of Greece]] bans [[Freemasonry]].
*1935 [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendar]] schism, when three bishops declared their separation from the official [[Church of Greece]] stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act; Greek Old Calendarist groups maintain that they have not separated over a mere calendar, rather that the calendar is a symptom of what has been called ''"the pan-heresy of ecumenism;"'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, transformed [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]] into a museum.
=== Kingdom of Greece Restored (1935-1967) ===
[[Image:Elder Ieronymos Patmos.jpg|right|thumb|210px|Elder [[Ieronymos of Aegina|Ieronymos (Apostolides) of Aegina]].]]
*1960 Death of [[Anthimos of Chios]].
*1961 Canonization Glorification of [[Nektarios of Pentapolis]](+1920).
*1963 [[Soter Brotherhood]] is created, as the more traditionalist members broke away from the [[Brotherhood of Theologians Zoe|Zoe Brotherhood]] to form a smaller new brotherhood under the leadership of Prof. [[Panagiotes N. Trembelas]], having a profound influence on the [[Church of Greece]]; Second Pan-Orthodox Conference held in Rhodes; 1000th anniversary celebration of founding of [[Mount Athos]].
*1964 [[Panagia Malevi]] icon of the Mother of God begins gushing myrrh; third Pan-Orthodox Conference held in Rhodes; in March Turkey denounced the 1930 bilateral agreement on disputes arising from the exchange of populations and expelled more than 17,000 ethnic Greeks, who were deprived of all access to their real estate, goods and chattels, subsequently followed by the de facto exodus of 40,000 ethnic Greeks of Turkish citizenship.
*1965 Death of iconographer [[Photios Kontoglou]], who was a strong influence in the reintroduction of traditional Byzantine and postbyzantine style in church iconography; first Metropolitan for Piraeus is elected, His Eminence [[Chrysostomos (Tabladorakis) of Argolidos]]; [[Monastery of Panagia Pantanassa (Kranidiou)]] founded; Pope Paul VI of Rome and Patriarch [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople]] mutually nullify the [[excommunication]]s of 1054.
*1966 Death of Righteous Father [[Ieronymos of Aegina|Ieronymos (Apostolides) of Aegina]]; Center for Byzantine Research established at the ''Aristotle University of Thessaloniki''.
*1967 Glorification of [[Arsenios of Paros]] (+1877) by the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]].
=== Military Dictatorship (1967-1974) ===
*1970 Death of [[Amphilochios (Makris)]] of Patmos.
*1971 [[Theological School of Halki|Halki Seminary]], Orthodoxy's most prominent theological school, is closed by Turkish authorities breaching Article 40 of the Lausanne Treaty and Article 24 of the Turkish Constitution which both guarantee religious freedom and education.
*1972 [[w:Ecclesiastical coup|Ecclesiastical coup in Cyprus]] fails to remove Makarios from the Presidency; death of missionary Archimandrite [[Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos]], having laboured to spread the Orthodox faith in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Congo.
*1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, Turkish forces advance capturing the 37% of the island, 3,000 are killed or missing, 200,000 become refugees; the Monarchy is voted out by a plebiscite vote of 69%.
*1986 [[Root of Jesse]] icon of the Mother of God in Andros begins gushing myrrh; glorification of [[Arsenios the Cappadocian]] (+1924) by the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
*1987 In April, parliament approved a law to expropriate monastic land in order to redistribute some to poor peasants, and to take over administration of urban church-owned assets; Abp. [[Seraphim (Tikas) of Athens]] was victorious however in preventing the government from expropriating church landholdings, by allowing some land redistribution while opposing nationalisation of church and monastery land.
*1988 [[Mount Athos]] is and the [[Meteora]] are designated a as [[w:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe#Greece_.2817.29|UNESCO World Heritage sitesites]]; radio station "[http://www.pe912fm.com/ Church of Piraeus 91.2 FM]" begins transmitting in October.
*1989 Elder [[Ephraim of Philotheou]] begins founding [[Mount Athos|Athonite]]-style monasteries in North America.
*1990 The [[w:Mount_Athos#The_Friends_of_Mount_Athos|Friends of Mount Athos]] society is formed by people sharing a common interest for the monasteries of [[Mount Athos]], with Metr. [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos (Ware)]] of Diokleia being the President of the society, also including Prince Philip (Duke of Edinburgh) and Prince Charles (Prince of Wales and Heir Apparent to the British throne) among its members; the monasteries of [[Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios|Daphni (Athens), Hosios Loukas (Beotia) and Nea Moni of Chios]], are designated as [[w:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe#Greece_.2817.29|UNESCO World Heritage sites]].
*1991 Death of Elder [[Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) the Kapsokalivite]] (Evangelos (Bairaktaris)) [[February 7]].
*1992 Deaths of [[Gabrielia (Papayannis)]] and [[Chrysanthi of Andros]]; Synaxis of primates of Orthodox churches in Constantinople; Thessaloniki was selected as the cultural capital of Europe (1997).
