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*1191 Cyprus taken from Byzantines by English King Richard I the Lion-hearted.
*1198 Cyprus sold by England to Frankish crusaders.
*1204 Fourth Crusade [[Sacking Fall of Constantinople|sacks Constantinople]], laying waste to the city and stealing many [[relics]] and other items; [[Great Schism]] generally regarded as having been completed by this act; Venetians use the imperial [http://www.byzantium1200.com/pantocra.html monastery of Christ Pantocrator] as their headquardters in Constantinople; [[w:Theodore I Laskaris|Theodore I Lascaris]] establishes the [[w:Empire of Nicaea|Empire of Nicaea]]; death of Jewish philosopher [[w:Maimonides|Moses Maimonides]], author of ''[[w:The Guide for the Perplexed|Guide for the Perplexed]]'' which harmonized the Old Testament with Aristotle.
*ca. 1204-75 Martyrdom by Latins of monks of [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iveron Monastery]].
*ca.1207 [[w:Stephen Langton|Stephen Langton]] divides the Bible into the defined modern chapters in use today.
