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For [[Origen]], this explicitly included the [[devil]]. In effect, Apocatastasis denies the final reality of [[hell]], and interprets all Biblical references to the "fires of hell" not as an eternal punishment, but a tool of divine teaching and correction, akin to [[purgatory]]. The implication is that hell exists is to separate good from evil in the soul.
In the twentieth-century, this doctrine was reinvigorated especially by Hans Urs von Balthasar, who, in his book ''Dare We Hope “That 'That All Men Be Saved�?Saved'?'' (1988), expressed a qualified version of apocatastasis in which we may "hope" that all will be saved. Keeping in mind the conciliar condemnation of Origen, Orthodox theologians who tend towards universalism (the belief that all will be saved) usually adopt von Balthasar's qualified way of expressing this, and do not flatly deny the possibility of eternal damnation.
==History==
Saint [[Gregory of Nyssa]] accepted the idea of apocatastasis from [[Origen]]. However, this part St. Gregory's writings has been unequivocally rejected by the subsequent [[Church Fathers]]:
* St. Varsanofios the Great, criticizing the doctrine of apocatastasis, when asked about St. Gregory's opinion, has answered: “do "do not think that people, though also saints, could completely understand all depths of God... Even if a saint speaks about such opinions, you will not find that he confirmed the words as though had the statement from above, but that they resulted from the doctrine of his former teachers, and he, trusting their knowledge of them, did not inquire of God whether it was true.�? "
* St. Herman of Constantinople has also expressed a negative opinion of the doctrine, but he supposes that the works of St. Gregory have been damaged by Origenists: “those "those who liked that absurd idea, as if for demons and for people who will be subjected to eternal punishment, is possible to expect the discontinuance... they have taken his clean and sensible works and have added the dark and disastrous poison of Origen's nonsense.�? "
* St. [[Mark of Ephesus]], after citing St. Gregory, exclaims: “Are "Are we wrong when we do not believe those words of St. Gregory of Nyssa, considering them forgeries, or, even if they are original, to not accept as contradictory to Scripture and to the general dogma?�?. "
* St. [[Maximus the Confessor]], rejecting an Origenistic interpretation of apocatastasis, considered that St. Gregory used this term “in "in sense of restoration of cognitive forces of the man in that condition of the correct relation to truth."
* St. [[Photius the Great]] has expressed the Church's general interpretation in one phrase: “that "that in works of St. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, where restoration is mentioned, it is not accepted by the Church."
===[[Evagrius]]===
