Changes

*1863 Abbé [[Vladimir Guettée]], a French [[Roman Catholic]] priest who converted to the [[Orthodox Church]], writes ''"[http://books.google.com/books?id=VcEOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitve Relations with the Eastern Churches]",'' a strong criticism of the Papacy.

*1870 Declaration of Papal Infallibility to be dogma at First Vatican Council.

*1924-26 [[Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky (Warsaw)]] is demolished by Polish authorities less than 15 years after its construction.

*1926 The Benedictine monastery [[w:Chevetogne Abbey|Chevetogne Abbey]] is founded in Belgium, dedicated to Christian unity, being a ‘double rite’ monastery having both Western (Latin rite) and Eastern (Byzantine rite) churches holding services every day; the [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded to promote awareness and friendship in the Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, and praying for the unity of the Churches of East and West; [[w:Pope Pius XI|Pope Pius XI]] decides to attempt the establishment of a provisional hierarchy for the Roman Catholic Church without the knowledge of the Soviet government;<ref group="note">The Pope's plans were set down in the [[w:Papal rescripts|rescript]] ''Plenitudine Potestatis'' and the decree ''Quo aptius'', and involved the establishment of [[w:Apostolic Administrator|Apostolic Administrators]] in metropolitan centres, to replace the diocesan structures that had existed in Tsarist times. (Christopher Lawrence Zugger. ''The Forgotten: Catholics of the Soviet Empire from Lenin Through Stalin.'' Syracuse University Press. 2001. p.229.)</ref> French Jesuit scholar and Roman Catholic bishop [[w:Michel d'Herbigny|Michel d'Herbigny]] receives episcopal ordination in secret and behind closed doors from Eugenio Pacelli (the future [[w:Pope Pius XII|Pope Pius XII]]) in the failed attempt to establish a clandestine hierarchy for the Catholic Church in the Soviet Union during the religious persecutions of the 1920s.

*1929 [[w:Collegium Russicum|Russicum]] (Russian College or 'College of St. Therese') founded in Vatican City by Pope Pius XI and run by the [[w:Society of Jesus|Jesuits]].

*1937 [[w:Pope Pius XI|Pope Pius XI]] issued the encyclical ''[[w:Divini Redemptoris|Divini Redemptoris]]'', condemning Communism and the Soviet regime; the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]] led by Patr. [[Varnava (Rosic) of Serbia]] and Bp. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]] fiercely resisted the attempt by the government of Yugoslavian Prime Minister [[w:Milan Stojadinović|Milan Stojadinović]] to implement a [[w:Concordat|Concordat]] with the [[w:Holy See|Vatican]], which would have virtually established the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in Yugoslavia and granted it privileges denied to the Orthodox Church, resulting in the proposal never being ratified.<ref group="note">This treaty would have given enormous priviledges to the Roman Catholic Church which was actually a minority church in Yugoslavia (according to the 1931 census 48.7% of population were Orthodox, while 38% were Roman Catholic). The Serbs felt this to be an attack on the Orthodox Church, and the Church together with virtually all the Serbian people mounted unprecedented resistance to the proposed agreement. In the midst of the crisis Patriarch [[Varnava (Rosic) of Serbia|Varnava (Rosic)]] died. His health had suffered under the strain of the controversy, and it was even rumored that he had been poisoned. The concordat was passed by the parliament on the very day the patriarch died, and was immediately followed by the [[excommunication]] of those Serbian deputies who voted in favor of it. There was also a demonstration organized by the Church and headed by bishops and clergy that set out from the cathedral in Belgrade and was violently broken up by the police. The prime minister had a serious crisis on his hands and withdrew the proposal.</ref>

===WWII and Post-WWII Era===

*1941-45 Croatian [[w:Ustaše|Ustasa]]<ref group="note">A Croatian fascist, anti-Yugoslav separatist movement, whose ideological movement was a blend of fascism, Nazism, Croatian ultranationalism, and Roman Catholic [[w:Clerical fascism|Clericalist]] [[w:Fundamentalist Christianity|Fundamentalism]]. (Palmer Domenico, Roy. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8ZixRcQfV8C&dq=inauthor:%22Roy+P.+Domenico%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006. ISBN 0313323623).</ref> terrorists, part of whose ideology included Roman Catholic [[w:Clerical fascism|Clericalist Fundamentalism]], kill 500,000 Orthodox Serbs, expel 250,000 and force 250,000 to convert to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]].<ref group="note">According to the [[w:Simon Wiesenthal Center|Simon Wiesenthal Center]] (citing the ''[[w:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust|Encyclopedia of the Holocaust]]''). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum states that "Ustaša units, often encouraged by Catholic clergy, carried out a program of compulsory conversion of Orthodox Serbs to Catholicism; resistance often resulted in murder. Some Serbs, particularly members of the elite, were not even offered the option of conversion to avoid being killed." (''[http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/frameset.html Holocaust Era in Croatia 1941-1945 JASENOVAC: History: II Targeted Populations].'' [http://www.ushmm.org/ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]). The late Bishop [[Nikolai Velimirovic|Nikolai (Velimirovich)]] inscribed into the Church calendar by his own hand the following notation for the date August 31 (O.S.): ''"The 700,000 who suffered for the Orthodox faith at the hands of the Roman crusaders and Ustasi during the time of the Second World War. These are the New Serbian Martyrs."''</ref>