Changes

*1211 Venetian crusaders conquer Byzantine Crete.

*1224 The Byzantines recover Thessaloniki and surrounding area, liberated by the Greek ruler of Epirus Theodore Ducas Comnenus.

*1236 Pope [[w:Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] issued a crusading bull authorizing a crusade against the Byzantines under Emperor [[John III Doukas Vatatzes|John Vatatzes]], on the occasion of the joint Byzantine-Bulgarian siege of Latin Constantinople.<ref name="BANEV"/>

*1259 Byzantines defeat Latin [[w:Principality of Achaea|Principality of Achaea]] at the [[w:Battle of Pelagonia|Battle of Pelagonia]], marking the beginning of the Byzantine recovery of Greece.

*1870 Declaration of Papal Infallibility to be dogma at First Vatican Council.

*1875 Uniate diocese of [[w:Chełm|Chelm]] in modern day Poland incorporated into [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]] under Alexander II, with all of the local Uniates converted to Orthodoxy.

*1894 ''[[w:Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae|Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae]]'' (''on the Reunion of Christendom''), an Encyclical Letter of Pope Leo XIII promulgated on [[June 20]], called for the reunion of Eastern and Western churches into the "Unity of the Faith", while also condemning Freemasonry; criticized by Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus VII in 1895; Pope Leo XIII issues ''[[w:Orientalium Dignitas|Orientalium Dignitas]],'' a papal encyclical concerning the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] including a prohibition aganist [[Latinization|Latinizing]] influences among Eastern Catholics.

*1908 English Roman Catholic priest and Byzantine scholar Dr. [[w:Adrian Fortescue (priest)|Adrian Fortescue]] writes ''[http://www.archive.org/details/orthodoxeasternc00fortuoft The Orthodox Eastern Church],'' written to teach Roman Catholics and people in the West about the [[Orthodox Church]].

*1914 Martyrdom of Fr. [[Maxim Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the [[w:Lemkos|Lemko]] people.

[[w:Stuart Coats|Coats]] pointed out that in 1453 Constantinople had officially been in communion with Rome as a [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] church. As such, he argued, St. Sophia should continue as a Greek Rite Uniate Church. Cardinal [[w:Pietro Gasparri|Gaspari]] gave an interview to the French press while in Paris to observe the peace negotiations, explaining that from Rome's viewpoint the great church had been catholic longer than anything else, being only in schismatic hands from the time of [[Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople|Michael Cerularius]] to the [[Council of Florence]]. The Grand Vizier of Constantinople indicated to the British that he had an offer of Papal support, as the Vatican wished to block St. Sophia becoming a Greek Orthodox Church. The Rev. J.A. Douglas, a member of the Redemption Committee reported that:<br>

:" 'The traditional diplomacy of the Vatican has certainly laboured for decades under the influence of what would happen if the Oecumenical Patriarch, a dangerous witness against Roman claims, even when half-buried in the slum of the Phanar and paralysed by Turkish tyranny, should emerge and be the symbol of a great and progressive Communion which functioned with glorious St. Sophia as its mother church.' "<br>

*1941-45 Croatian [[w:Ustaše|Ustasa]]<ref group="note">A Croatian fascist, anti-Yugoslav separatist movement, whose ideological movement was a blend of fascism, Nazism, Croatian ultranationalism, and Roman Catholic [[w:Clerical fascism|Clericalist]] [[w:Fundamentalist Christianity|Fundamentalism]]. (Palmer Domenico, Roy. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8ZixRcQfV8C&dq=inauthor:%22Roy+P.+Domenico%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006. ISBN 0313323623).</ref> terrorists, part of whose ideology included Roman Catholic [[w:Clerical fascism|Clericalist Fundamentalism]], kill 500,000 Orthodox Serbs, expel 250,000 and force 250,000 to convert to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]];<ref group="note">According to the [[w:Simon Wiesenthal Center|Simon Wiesenthal Center]] (citing the ''[[w:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust|Encyclopedia of the Holocaust]]''). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum states that "Ustaša units, often encouraged by Catholic clergy, carried out a program of compulsory conversion of Orthodox Serbs to Catholicism; resistance often resulted in murder. Some Serbs, particularly members of the elite, were not even offered the option of conversion to avoid being killed." (''[http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/frameset.html Holocaust Era in Croatia 1941-1945 JASENOVAC: History: II Targeted Populations].'' [http://www.ushmm.org/ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]). The late Bishop [[Nikolai Velimirovic|Nikolai (Velimirovich)]] inscribed into the Church calendar by his own hand the following notation for the date August 31 (O.S.): ''"The 700,000 who suffered for the Orthodox faith at the hands of the Roman crusaders and Ustasi during the time of the Second World War. These are the New Serbian Martyrs."''</ref> the Orthodox in Croatia were forced to wear the Cyrillic letter "P" for Provoslavets, or Orthodox, like the Jews who were forced to wear the Star of David during World War II; <ref name="Ivanov"/> martyrdom of Bp. [[Sava of Gornji Karlovac]], and Fr. [[Djordje Bogic]].

*1943-44 Hundreds of Orthodox priests of the [[Church of Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] eliminated, tortured and drowned by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists - [[w:Ukrainian Insurgent Army|Ukrainian Rebel Army]], aided by [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Uniate]] Metr. Josyf Slipyj who was a spiritual leader of Nazi military units<ref>-----. ''[http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=4850 Kharkov pensioners break a memorial desk to the SS spiritual guide].'' Interfax-Religion. 25 June 2008, 16:30.</ref><ref>-----. ''[http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=4334 Yushchenko decorates Cardinal Husar with the highest Ukrainian award].'' Interfax-Religion. 27 February 2008, 15:03</ref><ref group="note">[[w:14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)|SS-Galicia division]] (Galizien/Galichina) and the Wehrmacht [[w:Nachtigall Battalion|Nachtigall battalion]].</ref> that were later condemned by the Nuremberg tribunal, and who was imprisoned by Soviet authorities for aiding the UPA; zenith of the [[w:Papist|Papist]]<ref group="note">'''Papist''' is a term, usually regarded as a disparaging or an anti-Catholic slur, referring to the Roman Catholic Church, its teaching, practices or adherents. It was coined during the English Reformation to denote a Christian whose loyalties were to the Pope, rather than to the Church of England. Over time, however, it came to mean one who supported [[w:Papal supremacy|Papal authority over all Christians]]. A similar term, "papalism", is sometimes used.</ref> persecution in Poland against Orthodox faithful in the region of Helm and Podlaskia - [http://www.impantokratoros.gr/F110A235.en.aspx Holy Poles martyred by the Papists].

*1947 Death of [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia|Alexei Kabalyiuk]], Apostle of Carpatho-Russia, who played a major role in reviving Orthodoxy in Transcarpathia in the early 20th century.

*1949 Papal [[w:Decree against Communism|Decree against Communism]] by [[w:Pope Pius XII|Pope Pius XII]] excommunicates all Catholics collaborating in communist organizations.

*1950 Declaration of Bodily Assumption of Mary as dogma.