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Due to his assertion that Eleutherus was the current bishop of Rome, the work is usually dated c. 180.<ref>Schaff, Philip (2001) [c. 1885] "Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies", Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume I, Against Heresies, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.</ref> In it Irenaeus identifies and describes several schools of gnosticism and contrasts their beliefs with what he describes as catholic and orthodox Christianity. Only fragments of the original Greek text exist, but a complete copy exists in a wooden Latin translation, made shortly after its publication in Greek, and Books IV and V are also present in a literal Armenian translation.