View source for Diocese of New York and New Jersey (OCA)

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
The '''Diocese of New York and New Jersey''' is a [[diocese]] of the [[OCA]] that existed from 1981-2005, was combined with the [[Diocese of Washington (OCA)|Diocese of Washington]] in 2005 to form the [[Diocese of Washington and New York (OCA)|Diocese of Washington and New York]] and was re-established in 2009.

== Background ==
The first presence of Orthodoxy in New York City can is traced to 1870, when Father [[Nicholas Bjerring]], a convert from Denmark, was directed by Metropolitan Isidore of St. Petersburg to open the first Orthodox Church in New York City. Services for the [[congregation]] were held in a [[chapel]] within Fr. Nicholas's house.  In 1885 the Russian government withdrew its support of the mission due to the small membership.

The oldest Diocesan parish still functioning is SS Peter and Paul Church in Buffalo, NY (Founded April, 1894) Among its early missionary priests were Fr. John Nedzelnitsky, the Dean of Eastern States, and Fr. [[John Kochurov]] ([[Glorification|glorified]] 1994 by the [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]]).

[[Image:Ocadonynj.png|thumb|Visual representation of the Diocese of New York and New Jersey]]

===Cathedral=== 
In 1895, a second mission in New York City was established called [http://www.russianchurchusa.org/index.php3?mode=985&ln=en The Russian Greek Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas], and began to flourish under the direction of its second pastor, Father [[Alexander Hotovitzky]] (also recently [[Glorification|glorified]] by the Russian Orthodox Church). In 1901, Bishop [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] (later Patriarch Tikhon) laid the cornerstone for the new [[St. Nicholas Cathedral (New York, New York)|Cathedral of St. Nicholas]] from which he would direct the American church until he was called back to Russia in 1907. The cathedral was completed in 1904, and in 1905, the Russian see transferred to New York from San Francisco.

The [[cathedral]] served the needs of Orthodox Christians in New York and throughout the country until 1926, when as a fallout of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia the building was declared the legal property of American representatives of the "[[Living Church]]". The head of the Russian Mission, Metropolitan [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon]] was restrained from further use of archdiocesan property. Temporary facilities were used until 1943 when a former German Methodist [[church]] at 59 East Second Street was purchased and renovated. It was dedicated to the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos. Over the next 31 years, the [http://nycathedral.org/home.html 2nd Street cathedral] served as the headquarters of the church in America, housing offices of the chancery and related national organizations, and convening meetings of the Metropolitan Council, the [[Holy Synod]] of Bishops (known until [[autocephaly]] as the "Great Council of Bishops"), and several [[All-American Sobor|All American Church Sobors]]. For many years most episcopal consecrations and ordinations to the [[diaconate]] and [[priest]]hood also took place there.

===Local Diocese of the Ruling Hierarch ===
Orthodoxy in America recognizes as its beginning the arrival of Orthodox missionaries at Kodiak Island in 1794. The administrative center of the Mission in America, with the eventual sale of Alaska to the United States in 1867, gradually moved from Sitka to San Francisco in 1872. By the time that Bp. Tikhon arrived as administrator in 1898 and had made several extended pastoral journeys, it was obvious that the concentration of parishes and faithful was in the eastern United States. He recommended that the official name of the Mission be changed to the "Diocese of the Aleutians and North America" and suggested that the diocesan [[see]] be transferred to New York. This occurred in 1905. From that time until 1980 the [[parish]]es in the New York-New Jersey geographic area were officially under the auspices of the ruling [[hierarch]] of what is now the Orthodox Church in America ([[OCA]]).

Being close to the national Church's administrative center (both when it was located in New York City and since 1974 in [[Chancery office of the Orthodox Church in America|Oyster Bay Cove/Syosset, NY]]) and to [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Seminary]] has allowed the Diocese to benefit from the leadership of the Church in America. Workshops and conferences on religious education and liturgical music, as well as lecture series for adults have taken place throughout the Diocese at various times and places over the last 40 years. 

At the 6th All-American Council, it was announced by the [[Holy Synod]] of [[Bishop]]s that a new [[Diocese of Washington (OCA)|Diocese of Washington]] DC was created that would begin functioning in 1981 and that the nation's capital city would become the see of the [[Primate]] of the Orthodox Church in America. 

In 1981, the Diocese ceased being the responsibility of the [[Metropolitan]] and became one of the territorial Dioceses under its own hierarch, Bishop [[Peter (L'Huillier) of New York|Peter]], since 1990 recognized as Archbishop of New York and New Jersey. Under his guidance the Diocese has strived to balance the demands for stability and growth. 

The territory of the original diocese was reformed in 2005 when the Diocese of Washington was re-united with the Diocese of New York and New Jersey under the name of Diocese of Washington and New York.  However, in 2009, the Holy Synod reversed this decision, returning to the diocesan structure existing from 1981-2005.

===Life and Challenges (1981-2005)===
The Former Diocese was to be challenged by the same realities that confront many Orthodox Christians throughout America. Its urban communities had been shaken by deteriorating neighborhoods and the relocation of parishioners either to the suburbs or out of the area. The fragility of employment and lack of job security even within previously dependable companies have forced many to move more frequently than what might have been considered normal in the past. The Diocese has witnessed during the first years of the 20th century the early seeds of pan-Orthodox unity as proclaimed in the vision of Abp. Tikhon.
 
Yet since the World War I, it had seen attempts at realizing this unity foiled by the tendencies of each traditionally Orthodox ethnic group to minister primarily to the needs of its own people. It has been threatened by its own internal tensions and those caused by the administrative turmoil and confusion apparent within the Russian Orthodox Church since the time of the Revolution. 

It has needed to defend its own administrative structure in battles within the American legal system. But areas of the Diocese (particularly in north and central New Jersey and the Triple Cities area of upper New York State) have also participated in a growing sense of interdependence and cooperation among the various Orthodox groups; something that brings great hopes for the future.
Above all, the Diocese is challenged, as has been each generation of Christians, to respond and bear witness to the expression of the Orthodox Faith in ways that are both "Traditional" (in the sense of handing down what has been given) and creative (unique and sensitive to the questions and demands of its time).

==Early Institutions==
Other institutions established in the New York-New Jersey area of this time to meet both the religious and social/economic needs of the immigrants were: 
*The Russian Orthodox Christian Immigrant Society of North America (1908) 
*The St. Vladimir's National Home and Bank 
*The Russian Orphan Home of Brooklyn (1914) 
*In 1912, the first [[seminary]] originally located in Minneapolis, was transferred to Tenafly, NJ and was called the [[St. Platon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Tenafly, New Jersey)|St. Platon's Orthodox Theological Seminary]]. (Upon its closure in 1923 the Church would not have another seminary in America until the establishment of St. Tikhon's and St. Vladimir's Seminaries in 1938.)

==Parishes==
===Early Period - Immigration===
The initial establishment of parishes in the Diocese closely paralleled the immigration patterns of the immigrants who came before and after the First World War and in connection with the consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution. 
Approximately half of the present 50 parishes began during this period (1894-1930). The energetic ministry of Fr Alexander Hotovitzky (1895-1914) should be recognized as a significant feature of these early years. Fr. Alexander, as Dean of the St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York, was instrumental in the formation of several Diocesan parishes (as well as some outside of the Diocese): 
*Holy Trinity Church, Yonkers,NY (1899) ([http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/9190/history.htm history] and [http://www.holytrinityyonkers.org/id4.html detailed history])
*St. Basil Church, Watervliet,NY (1901) ([http://www.stbasilschurch.org/parish_background.html history])
*SS Peter and Paul Church, South River,NJ (1905) ([http://www.saintpeterandpaul.org/history.html history])
*SS Peter and Paul Church, Jersey City,NJ (1907) ([http://peterpaul.church/history/ history])
*[[Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord|Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord]], Brooklyn,NY (1908) ([http://www.roct.org/orthodox-church-history-brooklyn-new-york/ history])
*Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn,NY (1909) 
*St. Nicholas Church, Auburn,NY (1909)  
The Russian Orthodox Church, in recently [[Glorification|glorifying]] Fr. Alexander and Fr. John Kochuiov, emphasizes their deaths as martyrs that took place after their return to Russia. But for the OCA, their significance as Orthodox missionaries in America was affirmed in the words of Metropolitan Theophilus: "The American Orthodox Russian people stand on four corners - Bishop Nicholas, Fathers Hotovitzky, Kochurov, and Nedzelnitsky."

Other Early Parishes (NJ): 
*[[Ss. Peter and Paul Orthodox Church (Manville, New Jersey)|SS. Peter and Paul Church]], Manville, NJ  (1915) ([http://www.ssppoc.org/background.html history])
*St. Spiridon Church, Perth Amboy, NJ  (1915)
*St. Vladimir Church, Trenton, NJ  (1915) ([http://www.saintvladimir.com/aboutus.html history])
*St. John the Baptist Church, Alpha, NJ  (1916)
*SS. Peter and Paul Church, Bayonne, NJ  (1922)
*St. John the Baptist Church, Passaic, NJ  (1925) ([http://www.stjohnspassaic.org/newsletter-072705_006.htm history])
*Assumption of the Holy Virgin Church, Clifton, NJ  (1930)

Other Early Parishes (NY): 
*SS. Peter and Paul Church Buffalo, NY  (1894)
*St. Nicholas Church Cohoes, NY  (1914)
*SS. Peter and Paul Church Endicott, NY  (1914)
*St. John the Baptist Church Spring Valley, NY  (1914)
*Dormition of the Virgin Mary Church Binghamton, NY (1915)
*SS. Peter and Paul Church Syracuse, NY (1915)
*Holy Trinity Church Elmira Heights, NY (1916) ([http://www.holytrinityorthodoxchurch.org/about_us.htm history])
*SS. Peter and Paul Church Herkimer, NY (1916)
*St. Nicholas Church Whitestone, NY   (1916) ([http://www.stnicholasny.org/parish_background.html history])
*Holy Trinity Church East Meadow, NY  (1924)
*Christ the Saviour Church New York, NY (1924) ([http://www.christthesaviornyc.org/bkshelf/en_parishhistory.shtml history])
*Cathedral of the Holy Virgin Protection New York, NY (1932) ([http://nycathedral.org/about_us.html history])
*St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary Crestwood, NY  (1938)
*St. Nicholas Church Jamaica Estates, NY (1941)
*Holy Cross Monastery Niagara Falls, NY (1951)
*[[St. Andrew's Camp and Chapel (Jewell, New York)|St. Andrew's Camp and Chapel Jewell, NY]]  (1954) ([http://www.standrewscamp.com/ website])

===Later Period - Mission===
A later period (from 1958 to 1981) might be called the "time of mission". This is characterized by parishes located in suburban areas (rather than the industrial centers of the first period), by the often pan-Orthodox or pan-ethnic make up of the congregations, and by the resulting use of English as the primary liturgical language. Here, the pastoral work of Fr. [[John Nehrebecki]], Dean of the New Jersey [[Deanery]] for over thirty years, should be mentioned. Under his guidance the following churches were founded: 
*Christ the Saviour Church, Paramus, NJ (1960) ([http://www.christthesaviour.org/history.htm history])
*Holy Resurrection Church, Wayne, NJ (1964) 
*Holy Trinity Church, Randolph, NJ (1964) ([http://www.holytrinityrandolph.com/page7.html history])
*Holy Trinity Church, Rahway, NJ (1968)
*Church of the Holy Transfiguration, Pearl River, NY (1968)  ([http://www.holytransf.org/history.shtml history]) 
*Holy Apostles Church, Saddlebrook, NJ (1969) 
*Annunciation Church, Brick Town (1970) ([http://holy-annunciation-church.org/parhist.html history])
*Orthodox Church of the Holy Cross, Cherry Hill/ Medford, NJ (1973) ([http://www.holycrossmedford.org/parish_background.htm history]) 
*St. Gregory Palamas Mission, Flemington, NJ (1981) 
*Establishment of the St. Herman Community Chapel, located at West Point, NY.

Other Later Parishes (NJ):
*Holy Transfiguration Chapel, Princeton, NJ  (1964)
*Mother of God, Joy of All Who Sorrow Mission, Rocky Hill, NJ  (1968) ([http://www.mogoca.org/welcome.html history])
*St. Gregory Palamas Church, Glen Gardner, NJ  (1981)
*Holy Spirit Church, Wantage, NJ  (1988)
*St. John Chrysostom Mission, Absecon, NJ  (1990)

Other Later Parishes (NY):
*St. Sergius of Radonezh Chapel Oyster Bay Cove, NY (1958)
*St. John Chrysostom Church Woodside, NY (1958)
*St. George Church Buffalo, NY  (1962)
*St. John the Baptist Church Rochester, NY  (1964) ([http://www.stjohnsroch.org/whoweare.html history])
*St. Gregory the Theologian Church Wappingers Falls, NY  (1964)
*Monks of New Skete Cambridge, NY  (1966)
*St. Andrew Church Dix Hills, NY  (1966) ([http://www.standrewsoca.org/history.html history])
*Nuns of New Skete Cambridge, NY  (1969)
*[[Ss. Cosmas and Damian Adult Home (Staten Island, New York)|SS. Cosmas and Damian Adult Home]] / St. Ireney Chapel Staten Island, NY  (1977)
*Companions of New Skete Cambridge, NY  (1982)
*Three Hierarchs Chapel Crestwood, NY  (1982)
*St. John the Theologian Church Shirley, NY  (1984) ([http://www.stjt.org/history.html history])
*St. Mary Magdalen Church New York, NY  (1985) ([http://www.saintmarymagdalen.com/OurChurch.htm history])
*Christ the Saviour Church Milton (Ballston Spa), NY  (1988)
*St. Innocent Mission Oneonta, NY  (1997) ([http://www.geocities.com/st_innocent_mission/Parish-History.html history])
*Holy Myrrhbearers Monastery Otego, NY  (1997)
*St Nino Mission Brooklyn, NY  (2004)

===Overlapping Period===
In between or overlapping these two periods, there are several diocesan parishes which, while being organized primarily to meet the needs of immigrants coming out of the Second World War, have also ministered to those who have come from particularly Slavic lands throughout this century and to this day. These parishes would include: 
*Our Lady of Kazan Church, Sea Cliff, NY (1942); 
*Nativity of the Holy Virgin Church, Jackson, NJ (1946); ([http://saintmaryinjackson.com/parish-history/ history])
*Church of the Mother of God, Mays Landing, NJ (1966). ([http://churchmotherofgod.org/parish-history.html history])

Other parishes throughout the Diocese, even within the suburbs, have  needed to consider the incorporation of recent immigrants from former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, which has required some flexibility in pastoral and liturgical practices.

==Current Diocesan bishop==
His Grace, the Rt. Rev [[Michael (Dahulich)]]  of New York and New Jersey 2010

During the first day of 2009 Fall Session of the OCA Holy Synod, the hierarchs met with the two episcopal candidates nominated by the Diocese of New York and New Jersey for consideraiton in the election of a diocesan bishop. After meeting with each candidate separately, the Holy Synod elected the Very Rev. Michael Dahulich, Dean of [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|Saint Tikhon's Seminary]], to the office of Bishop of New York and the Diocese of New York and New Jersey. 

A [[Consecration of a bishop|consecration]] Divine Liturgy was concelebrated by Metropolitan Jonah and members of the Holy Synod of Bishops at at Saints Peter and Paul Church, Jersey City, NJ, on Saturday, [[May 8]], 2010. On Sunday, [[May 9]], Metropolitan Jonah and the members of the Holy Synod of Bishops con-celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] and [[Enthronement]] of Bishop Michael was at Holy Virgin Protection Cathedral, 59 East Second Street, New York, NY.

On [[July 8]], 2010, His Grace Bishop Michael inaugurated a twelve member Council of Presbyters for the diocese as a consultive group for the diocesan bishop.

==Past Ruling bishops==
OCA:
*([[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington]] 2009 as part of the former Washington and New York Diocese) 
*([[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York]] 2005-2008 as part of the Washington Diocese) 
*[[Peter (L'Huillier) of New York]] 1981-2005
*[[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor) Archbishop of New York]] 1977-1981 
*[[Ireney (Bekish) of New York]] 1970 -1977
Metropolia:
*Ireney (Bekish) of New York 1965-1970
*[[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York]] 1950-1965 
*[[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]] 1934-1950 
*[[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York]] 1923-1934

==Related articles==
*Protopresbyter [[Alexander Warnecke]], [[chancellor]] emeritus.

==Sources==
*''Who, What, and Where We Are: A History of the Diocese of New York and New Jersey'', compiled and edited by Mary Ann Bulko and Fr. John Shimchic, 1995 Heidelberg Press
*[http://www.oca.org/DOCindex-councils.asp?SID=12  All-American Sobors and Councils]
*[http://saintnicholascohoes.org/files/11Release_2010.11.1.pdf  Release Number 2010.11.1]

[[Category:Dioceses|New York]]
[[Category:OCA Dioceses|New York and New Jersey]]