The '''original (or "first") sin''' was commited by [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] (see [[Book of Genesis]] Chapter 3). [[Orthodoxy]] believes that, while everyone bears the consequences of the first sin, the foremost of which is physical death (in this world), ''only'' Adam and Eve are guilty of that sin(see [[Book of Ezekiel]] Chapter 18. [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] teaches that everyone bears not only the consequence, but also the guilt, of that sin. This difference between the two Churches in their understanding of the original sin was one of the doctrinal reasons that led the Catholic Church to devise their dogma of the '[[Immaculate Conception]]' in the 19th century, a dogma that is completely rejected by the Orthodox Church.