16,951
edits
Changes
m
link
*1242 [[Alexander Nevsky]]'s Novgorodian force defeats Teutonic Knights in [[w:Battle of the Ice|Battle of Lake Peipus]], a major defeat for the Catholic crusaders.
*1244 Jerusalem conquered and razed by [[w:Khwarezm|Khwarezmian]] mercenaries (Oghuz Turks) serving under the [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] ruler of Egypt Salih Ayyub, triggering Seventh Crusade.
*1245 First [[Council Councils of Lyons (1245)|Council of Lyons]] in the Roman Catholic Church mandates red hat for cardinals and a levy for the Holy Land.
*1247 [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]] conquer Jerusalem, driving out the Khwarezmian Turks.
*1248-54 [[w:Seventh Crusade|Seventh Crusade]].