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→New Testament era: 63BC
The '''History of the Church''' is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of [[Jesus Christ]] to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic [[Holy Tradition]] of the [[Orthodox Church]].
== New Testament era == *168 BC-70 AD The main internal struggles amongst the Jews during the late Second Temple period (ca. 168 BC to 70 AD) were between the [[w:Pharisees|Pharisees]] and the [[w:Sadducees|Sadducees]], as well as the [[w:Essenes|Essenes]] and [[w:Zealotry|Zealots]]. *63 BC Judea becomes a Roman province starting in 63 BC ([[w:Iudaea Province|Iudaea Province]]).
*46 BC Julius Caesar institutes [[Julian Calendar]].
*27 BC-180 AD [[Pax Romana]].
*20 BC Herod the Great begins a [[w:Herod's Temple|massive renovation and expansion]] of the [[w:Second Temple|Second Temple]] complex; the main internal struggles amongst the Jews during the late Second Temple period (ca. 168 BC to 70 AD) were between the [[w:Pharisees|Pharisees]] and the [[w:Sadducees|Sadducees]], as well as the [[w:Essenes|Essenes]] and [[w:Zealotry|Zealots]]; treaty between Rome and Persia fixes boundary between the two empires along the Euphrates.
*ca.4 BC '''[[Nativity|Christ is born]] in Bethlehem'''; 14,000 [[Holy Innocents]] slain in Bethlehem.
*1 ''Assumption of Moses'', Jewish apocrypha written.
