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*1644 - Qing conquest of Beijing; [[w:Qing Dynasty|Qing (Manchu) Dynasty]] is establised (1644-1912), the last ruling dynasty of China.*ca.1650 Initial development of Russian settlements in the area to the south and east of Lake Baikal (known as [[w:Transbaikal|Transbaikal]] or more broadly Dauriia) began, as Cossacks and others under service contract to the state (''sluzhilye liudi'') explored new trading routes to China.<ref>William C. Brumfield. ''[http://www.cultinfo.ru/brumfield/articles/GVIR_20_4_04hires.pdf Photographic Documentation of Architectural Monuments in the Siberian Republic of Buriatiia].'' '''Visual Resources'''. Vol. XX, No. 4, December 2004, pp. 315-364.</ref>*1651 - Russian Cossack [[w:Yerofey Khabarov|Erofey (Geoffery) Khabarov]] founded the fort-town of [[w:Albazin|Albazin]] on the Amur River.*1665 - The earliest known Orthodox Church, the ''Church of the Resurrection '', and a monastery is founded in the Russian fort-town of Albazin(Yakela) in Northeast China.*1670 - [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] (1661-1722) issued the ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=VQJEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage Sacred Edict]'', consisting of 16 moral maxims based on Confucian teachings.*1685 - Chinese capture Albazin, razing ''Church of the Resurrection''; Group of 45 Albazin Russians, including [[Priest]] [[Maxim Leontiev]], are re-settled to Beijing by Chinese; [[w:Kangxi Emperor|Emperor Kangxi]] ordered the Buddhist temple of Guangi Miao (Temple of the War God) in the northeast corner of the imperial city to be cleared for the Russian inhabitants, becoming known as the ''Nikolsky Chapel, and '' (''"Sheng Ni Gula"''; later consecrated as the ''Church of Hagia Sophia'')<ref>The chapel was originally named the Nikolsky Church because of a wonderworking icon Fr. Maximus brought with him (thaumaturgical image of St. Nicolas, Bishop of Mirlikysk). However the church was consecrated in 1698 in the name of Hagia Sophia, or Divine Wisdom.</ref>, the first Orthodox Church in China.*1689 - [[w:Treaty of Nerchinsk|Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established Amur River as boundary between Russia and China, recognzing Russia's sovereignty over eastern Siberia.*1691 - Qing control of [[w:Inner Mongolia|Inner Mongolia]].*'''1698''' - Consecration of the first Orthodox church, in the name of ''Hagia Sophia'', or Divine Wisdom, in Beijing, recognized by Ignatius, [[Metropolitan]] of Tobolsk; on this auspicious occasion many Chinese received [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]], and thus the consecration of the first Orthodox Church coincided with the introduction of Orthodoxy among the Chinese.