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The ancient Christian titles for Mary, ''Theotokos'' ("Birth-giver to God") and ''Meter Theou'' ("Mother of God"), are not to be understood in the sense that she somehow created God. Even mothers giving birth to exclusively human children do not create their children. Rather, these titles for the Virgin are an affirmation that the Christ contained in her womb is indeed God, the ''Theanthropos'' ("God-man"). She is not His origin nor the source of the Godhead, but she did quite literally give birth to God. If we affirm that Jesus Christ is God, then we must call her ''Theotokos'', for she gave birth to God Himself. Nestorios the heretic in the ancient Church refused to call her ''Theotokos'', preferring instead ''Christotokos'', because he couldn't get his mind around the idea that a creature could give birth to the Creator, yet is this scandal not at the heart of the Incarnation? Nestorios's doctrines insisted on a separation between the divine ''Logos'' and the man Jesus, that somehow the Son of God had inhabited a man, not that '''God became man''' as the Christian faith has always held. Is the one who was in her womb God? Then we must call her ''Theotokos''.

===Testimony From the Protestant Reformers===