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[[Image:Alexander Turner2.jpg|right|frame|Fr. [[Alexander Turner]] celebrating the Mass]]The '''Western Rite''' is a strand of Orthodox Christian worship based on the minority liturgical traditions of tradition within the ancient pre-[[Great Schism|Schism]] Orthodox Church of the West. Western Rite Orthodox Christians hold in common the full Orthodox faith in common with their brethren of the [[Byzantine Rite]] but celebrate Western forms of liturgy. Liturgical diversity, both between and within the East and at West, was common before the [[Great Schism]], yet not as diverse as like in today's time. At present, all of the [[bishop]]s who care for such [[parish]]es are themselves followers of the Byzantine Rite. {{westernrite}}

{{westernrite}}===The Nineteenth Century===

In 1864, 44-year-old [[Joseph Julian Overbeck]], was [[chrismation|chrismated]] into the [[Orthodox Church]]. Overbeck was a former German [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priest from Germany who had left the priesthood, after becoming disillusioned with papal supremacy, . He became Lutheran and later married, was [[chrismation|chrismated]] into before joining the [[Orthodox Church]]. He then published, in In 1866, he published ''Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism'' , which contained the groundings for his work for the next twenty years. A year later, be began publishing a periodical, ''Orthodox Catholic Review'', aimed at putting forward Orthodoxy and rejecting Catholicism and Protestantism. The year 1867 saw Overbeck, with 122 signatures from the Oxford Movement, petition the Church of Russia for the establishment of a Western Rite church in full communion with the Eastern Rite. A seven-member synodal commission was then formed, and invited Overbeck to attend. The idea was approved, and Overbeck set about submitting a draft of the proposed Western liturgy, which added an epiclesis and the Trisagion hymn to the Tridentine [[Mass]]. This rite was submitted in 1871, and was examined and approved by the commission. Overbeck focused his efforts on the Old Catholic movement, who had rejected Papal Infallibility. He continued to engage in polemics with Catholics, Anglicans, and Orthodox converts using the Byzantine Rite.

1867 saw In 1876, Overbeck, with 122 signatures from issued an appeal to the Oxford Movementvarious Holy Synods, petition the Church of Russia for the establishment of a Western Rite church traveling to Constantinople in full communion with the Eastern Rite1879. A seven-member synodal commission was then formedThere he met the Ecumenical Patriarch, and invited Overbeck who authorized him to attend. The idea was approved, and Overbeck set about submitting a draft of the proposed Western liturgy. The base of Overbeck's submission was the 1570 rite which added in an epiclesis deliver sermons and the Trisagion hymncreate apologetical material. This rite was submitted in 1871In 1881, and was examined and approved by he had some success when the commission. Overbeck focused his efforts on Ecumenical Patriarchate agreed that the Old Catholic movement, who West had rejected Papal Infallibility. He continued a right to engage in polemics with Catholics, Anglicans a Western church and Orthodox converts using the Byzantine rite.

In 1876However, his successes did not establish the Western Rite. Overbeck issued an appeal 's marriage after his Catholic ordination was a canonical impediment to his ordination to the various Orthodox priesthood; the Holy SynodsSynod of Greece vetoed his scheme amongst Orthodox Churches, travelling pressuring Constantinople to Constantinople in 1879. There he met retract its previous endorsement; the Ecumenical Patriarch''Orthodox Catholic Review'' ended its run; and by 1892, who authorised him to deliver sermons and apologeticshe admitted failure. Overbeck reposed in 1881, some success was had when the Ecumenical Patriarchate agreed that the West had a right to a Western church and rite1905.

HoweverOne Western Rite parish briefly entered communion with the Orthodox Church in the Nineteenth Century. In 1890, a Swiss Old Catholic parish in Wisconsin pastored by Fr. Joseph Rene Vilatte approached Bp. Vladimir (Sokolovsky) about being received into Orthodoxy. Bishop Vladimir received them on May 9, 1891; however, it went no furtherFr. Overbeck's marriage after his Catholic ordination Vilatte was a canonical impediment consecrated to the priesthood, episcopacy by hierarchs of the Holy Synod [[Church of Greece vetoed his scheme amongst the Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox ChurchesChurch]] in India, the ''Orthodox Catholic Review'' ended its runamong them Metropolitan [[Julius of Goa|Alvares Mar Yulios]] of Goa, and by on 29 May 1892 he admitted failure due to the Church of Greece of the time. Overbeck reposed in 1905He eventually led his parish back into Old Catholicism.

[[Image:Fon-du-Lac CircusAlexander_Turner.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Episcopalian Consecration of Reginald Weller as co-adjutor bishop of Fon-Du-Lac, 1900Former Antiochian Western Rite Vicar General Fr. Alexander Turner celebrating Mass.]]

The Western Rite continued. In 1890 a Swiss Old Catholic parish in Wisconsin1911, pastored by Fr Joseph Rene Vilatte, was received by Bp Vladimir (Sokolovsky); however, Fr Vilatte soon led the church into Old Catholicism. In 1911 Arnold Harris Mathew, an Old Catholic bishop, entered into union with the Patriarchate of Antioch, but parted ways left the Church soon after, leaving behind a model for future Western Rite groupings to join Orthodoxy. In 1926 , the six-parish ''Polish Catholic National Church'' was received into the Polish Orthodox Church. It celebrated the Liturgy of St. Gregory, flourishing and flourished as Orthodox until wiped out by the Nazi'sNazis. [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html] St. Tikhon's involvement in the Western Rite has been more enduring. While he was bishop of the Russian mission in America, some Episcopalians were interested in the possibility of joining Orthodoxy while retaining some form of the Anglican liturgy. St. Tikhon sent the 1892 Book of Common Prayer to the Holy Synod, asking about the possibility. According to Fr. Edward Hughes, St. Raphael of Brooklyn composed the letter of inquiry. In 1904, the Holy Synod admitted its possibility, including edits for its use in an Orthodox manner. It concluded that such edits "can be carried out only on the spot, in America," and found it "desirable to send the 'Observations' themselves to the Right Rev. Tikhon, the American Bishop." Between communications, the Episcopalians who had petitioned withdrew. Thus, St. Tikhon could not receive any Episcopalians before returning to Russia in 1907. However, his involvement lay the groundwork for the reception and approved liturgy of some parishes in the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] and later the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR)]]. There has been a significant [[Orthodox Church of France|Western Rite movement in France]], the largest remaining group thereof being the ''Union des Associations Cultuelles Orthodoxes de Rite Occidental'' (UACORO - the Union of Western Rite Orthodox Worship Associations).  ====The United States====The Antiochian Archdiocese has presided over the most stable and successful group of Western Rite parishes. The Archdiocese received the [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] in 1961. Upon reception, the SSB became the [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]], and their leader, [[Alexander Turner]], becoming an Orthodox priest and the Vicar-General of the Vicariate until 1971. At his repose, Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla became Vicar-General. On January 1, 2009, Fr. Schneirla retired, and Fr. Edward Hughes became Vicar-General of the Western Rite.

St. Tikhon's involvement Besides the parishes that were in the former Society, other parishes have been received into the Western Rite has been one more enduring. While he was head Vicariate of the Russian mission in AmericaAntiochian Archdiocese, some Episcopalians were interested in the possibility especially because of joining Orthodoxy while retaining Anglican liturgics. St. Tikhon, sending the 1892 Book theological and practical devolution of Common Prayer, enquired as to the viability of such an idea; in 1904, the Holy Synod admitted its possibility, including many notes on how the BCP could be used in an Orthodox mannerThe Episcopal Church (TEC). St. Tikhon did not receive any Episcopalians who used revised Anglican formsAdded to this, but it lay the groundwork for the reception and liturgics of the [[several Western Rite Vicariate]]. [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-fivemissions have been founded, some growing into full parish status.html]

====France====[[Image:Kovalevsky-MaximovitchThe Church of Russia received a New York Old Catholic community in 1962 as Mount Royal Monastery, which later moved from Woodstock, New York, to St.jpg|right|thumb|250px|BpNicholas Cathedral in New York City under Archbishop John (Wendland) of the Russian Exarchate of North America. [[Jean-Nectaire In 1975, this community was received by Archbishop Nikon (KovalevskyRklitzsky) of Saint-Denis]] ROCOR and Stwas again relocated. In 1993, after the retirement of the Abbot, Dom Augustine (Whitfield) of Mount Royal, the prior of Mount Royal, Fr. James (Deschene) was blessed to found Christ the Saviour Monastery ("Christminster" colloquially) in Rhode Island, under Bishop [[John MaximovitchHilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion of Manhattan]] in 1964]]''Main article: (since transferred). As of 2007, Christminster relocated to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Its present abbot is Dom [[Orthodox Church of FranceJames (Deschene)|James Deschene]]''.

After 1946Western Rite Orthodoxy, the in [[Orthodox Church of FranceOrthodoxy in Australasia|Eglise Orthodoxe de FranceAustralia and New Zealand]] was developed by Kovalevsky specifically with the intention to restore the ancient , has arisen mostly from Anglican and Continuing Anglican communities. Metropolitan [[Gallican RiteHilarion (Kapral) of New York|Gallican usageHilarion (Kapral) of Sydney]], basing of ROCOR received some communities under his work on the letters of St. omophor; while others have been received by Bishop [[Germanus Gibran (Ramlawey) of ParisAustralia and New Zealand|GermanusGibran]], a 6th century and Metropolitan Archbishop [[bishop]] Paul (Saliba) of Paris. Eventually Fr. Alexis was consecrated a bishop of the [[Church of RussiaAustralia and New Zealand|Paul]] episcopacy in 1960, continuing his Western Rite work both under the auspices Church of the Moscow PatriarchateAntioch.

After some years of isolation, Kovalevsky's group came under Other small groups following the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] between 1959 and 1966, and Kovalevsky himself was consecrated with the title of Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire de Saint-Denis]] in 1964. During this time, the Eglise Orthodoxe de France Western Rite have been received considerable encouragement from St. [[John Maximovitch]] (who was ROCOR's representative in Western Europe at the time), and his death in 1966 was a serious blow to these French Orthodox Christiansbut usually have either had little impact, who had had an influential and holy advocate in St. Johnor have declared their independence soon after their reception.

Meanwhile, the Moscow Patriarchate's Western rite withered and came to an end, but Bishop Jean's church continued to thrive, though after St. John's death in 1966, they were again on canonical hiatus. Bishop Jean died in 1970, and then in 1972 the The [[Church of Romania]] took the Eglise Orthodoxe de France under its [[omophorionOriental Orthodox]]churches also have some Western Rite parishes. Gilles Bertrand-Hardy was The Syrian patriarchate of Antioch consecrated Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvarez as Bishop [[Germain (Bertrand-Hardy) Archbishop of Saint-Denis|Germain de Saint-Denis]]Ceylon, Goa, and the restored Gallican India in 1889, authorizing a Roman rite became the regular liturgy used diocese under him; in 1891, the many small French Orthodox [[parish]]es established throughout France. The full splendor of that liturgy can be seen in Syrians consecrated the Cathedral of St. Iraforementioned Joseph Renénée in Boulevard Auguste-Blanqui in ParisVilatte as archbishop for the American Old Catholics. In 1994Vilatte, after a lengthy conflict with the Romanian Holy Synod regarding various canonical irregularitieshowever, returned to the Eglise again found itself in canonical limbo with Roman Catholic Church at the deposition end of Bishop Germainhis life. The Romanian patriarchate established a [[deanery]] Many independent churches now claim to be under Bishop Germain's brother Archpriest Gregoire to minister to those parishes which chose to stay with Romaniahis "succession".

Ten other parishes that did not wish to remain under ==Liturgy in the deposed Germain (and presumably did not want to remain with Romania) formed the ''Union des Associations Cultuelles Orthodoxes de Rite Occidental'' (UACORO) (the Union of Antiochian Western Rite Orthodox Worship Associations) and began negotiations with the [[Church of Serbia]] to be taken under its omophorion. Talks officially began in September of 2004.[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.co.uk/Petroc/Michael04.htm] The intended outcome of these negotiations is that the UACORO be accepted as part of the Church of Serbia's Diocese of France and Western Europe.[http://www.spc.yu/Vesti-2004/12/14-12-04-e.html]Vicariate==

====North American Western Rite parishes in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate generally follow one of two types of traditional Western liturgical traditions (and sometimes both). The majority celebrate the [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]], which is commonly accepted to be an adaptation of the [[Eucharist|Communion]] service from the 1928 Anglican ''Book of Common Prayer'' and ''The Anglican Missal in the American Edition.''[http://members.cox.net/stgregoryoc/history.htm#fifteen] Until 1977, all Western Rite Vicariate parishes celebrated only the [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Great]], which is a modified form of the [http://www.latin-mass-society.org/msshst.htm Tridentine Mass] (that is, the Mass as revised and authorized by the Roman Catholic Council of Trent). Many parishes within the Western Rite Vicariate continue to celebrate the Gregorian liturgy. Since most AWRV parishes celebrate more than one weekly liturgy, many of the parishes that celebrate the Liturgy of St. Tikhon on Sunday celebrate the Liturgy of St. Gregory on weekdays.  The Western Rite liturgy, depending on its type, makes less use of the litanies than the Byzantine Rite. Celebrants wear distinctive Western vestments, and the faithful follow pious devotional customs particular to their tradition, as well. The development of the current use within the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] is of particular note: :Metropolitan Antony was well aware that the Western Rite was "a work for specialists." The new Western Rite usage of the Archdiocese was to be guided by "a Commission of Orthodox Theologians," an advisory committee of qualified clerics or laymen to advise the Metropolitan and determine "the mode of reception of groups desiring to employ the Western Rite, and the character of the rites to be used, as well as the authorization of official liturgical texts." The first WRV Commission, convened by Metropolitan Antony in 1958, was composed of Fathers Paul Schneirla, Stephen Upson, [[Alexander Schmemann]] and [[John Meyendorff]]. Schneirla, Schmemann, and Meyendorff in particular had seen the Western Rite up close in France, as it had been approved in the Russian Ukase of 1936. Schneirla recalls Schmemann's work in particular as being key, as he was familiar with the Liturgical Movement within the Roman Catholic and Anglican communions. Schmemann was particularly instrumental in joining together the separate Rites of Initiation of the Rituale Romanum – Baptism, Confirmation and First Holy Communion – into one unified rite, according to the Orthodox understanding. :In January of 1962, the official Western Rite Directory was issued, "establishing liturgical usages and customs and discipline," drawing on principles gleaned from the 1904 Moscow Synodal response to Saint Tikhon, the authorization of Western Rite offices by Metropolitan Gerassimos (Messarah) of Beirut, and the 1932 Russian Ukase of Metropolitan Sergius.[http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html] Ironically, before his committed and pivotal involvement with the architecture of the current usage of the Western Rite, Fr. Schmemann had criticized it in a response to a 1958 article Fr. Schneirla wrote in ''The United StatesWord''.[http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html] However, after his criticisms, Fr. Schmemann worked to establish the Western Rite Vicariate and, later still, taught at the Western Rite seminary in Paris. ==Congregations==The most successful and stable By far the largest group of Western Orthodox parishes is represented by the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]]. Other Antiochian Western Rite parishes originated within exist in the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand]]. The [[Russian Orthodox Church under Bishop Aftimios Outside Russia]] (ROCOR) also has a small number of Western Rite parishes in addition to three monasteries: one located in Canada, one in Tasmania, and one in Florida. Missions and parishes of the ROCOR Western Rite use either the Rite of St. Gregory in one of varying uses (Sarum, Christminster, Mount Royal, or Overbeck), the Gallican Rite, or "The English Liturgy," an English Use service based upon the Sarum Use but which adapts a few elements of the 1549 ''Book of Common Prayer''. Christminster Monastery in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is a Western Orthodox [[Rule of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery, which celebrates the Liturgy of St. Gregory. St. Petroc Monastery in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, celebrates the 1930s [[Sarum Use]]. St. Petroc has a number of dependencies that follow its liturgical usage, as part found in the ''Saint Colman Prayer Book''.  Dom Augustine (Whitfield), the [[abbot]] of the Monastery of Mount Royal from 1963 until retirement, once remarked to St. [[John Maximovitch]] that it was difficult to promote Western Rite Orthodoxy, whereupon the saint replied: "Never, never, never let anyone tell you that, in order to be Orthodox, you must also be eastern. The West was Orthodox for a thousand years, and her venerable liturgy is far older than any of her heresies." [http://www.christminster.org/history.htm][[Image:Confeitor.jpg|left|thumb|Hieromonk Aidan (Keller, ROCOR) celebrating a Sarum liturgy.]]In 2008, Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion]] of ROCOR [http://theyorkforum.yuku.com/sreply/12977/t/Western-Rite-Orthodox-News.html blessed] Hieromonk David (Pierce) to assist Dom Augustine Whitfield "in the continuation of the work of Mt. Royal" at Hieromonk David's monastery, Holyrood, in Florida. Hieromonk David utilizes the ordinary compiled by Mount Royal monastery, and is preparing for publication of the books of the Mount Royal use.  In late 2008, Metropolitan Hilarion received a hieromonk of the Milan Synod, Father Aidan (Keller), and blessed the publication of a new edition of his seminal work, ''Old Sarum Rite Missal'' for his personal prayers, while he serves a Byzantine parish in ROCOR. His liturgy had previously been blessed by the Western Archdiocese of the American [[Milan Synod]].  Western rite communities can also be found which are not or, are no longer, in communion with the mainstream [[Orthodox Church]]. The [[Orthodox Catholic Churchof France]] was once cared for by St. [[John Maximovitch]] and later by the [[Church of Romania]]—also uses a Western Rite liturgy based on ancient Gallican liturgical materials, with some Byzantine supplements. The Orthodox Church of France currently functions as an independent body, and is not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]]. In 1932addition, the [[Holy Synod of Milan]], Bp Aftimios consecrated an Episcopalian priest as auxiliary Bishop [[Old Calendarist]] Synod (and therefore not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]]), has a number of communities (under the central direction of Washington the monastery and assigned him Archdiocesan center, the [[The Abbey of the Holy Name (West Milford, New Jersey)|Abbey of the Holy Name]]) which worship according to Western rites, including its own version of the [[Sarum Use]]. This recension is different from the version of the Sarum Rite used within ROCOR before 2008. ==Criticism==:''Main article: [[Western Rite Criticism]]''The Western Rite in the Orthodox Church is not without its critics. Objections are made in regards to desire for liturgical uniformity within Orthodoxy and fears that the Western Rite would produce division within the Church. Some question the sincerity of Western Rite converts, just as some question the conversions of those within the Byzantine Rite. Finally, some complain about a lack of organic liturgical continuity, or will not attend a Western Rite parishes[[Eucharist]]. However, no Orthodox parish may deny the Eucharist to visiting faithful of the canonical Western Rite, regardless of their feelings about the concept of Western Rite Orthodoxy. There have been no schisms within the episcopacy of the Orthodox Church regarding the issue of Western Rite parishes. Whether the Western Rite will grow in 1934its acceptance by Orthodox Christians who follow the Byzantine Rite remains to be seen. In the meantime, due the Orthodox bishops who oversee Western Rite parishes—and many who oversee no Western Rite parishes—continue to declare their Western flocks to be true Orthodox Christians and regard them as fully in communion with the rest of the Church. ==See also==* [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]]* [[Sarum Rite]]* [[Gallican Rite]]* [[Stowe Missal]]* [[Divine Liturgy according to St. Germanus of Paris]]* [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Bolshevik Revolution which sundered any ethnic unity in AmericaGreat]]* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]]* [[Western Rite Service Books]]* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon (text)]]* [[Saint Petroc Monastery (Cascades, Australia)|Saint Petroc Monastery]], Australia* [[Christ the Savior Monastery (Providence, Rhode Island)|Christ the Savior Monastery]], Canada* [[Vestments]]* [http://www.stcolumbamonastery.org St. Columba of Iona Orthodox Monastery (USA, Bp AftimiosMassachusetts)] ==Sources==* ''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity' group was left in canonical limbo', pp. 364-365, 514-515* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/western-rite Introduction to the Orthodox Western Rite]* [[Wikipedia:Western Rite Orthodoxy]]

==External links==* [http://orthodoxwesternrite.wordpress.com/ Orthodox Western Rite Central Resource on WordPress]* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/ Western Orthodoxy]* [http://spot.colorado.edu/~ashtonm/owpp/westernrite.htm The Unofficial Western Rite group, known as Orthodoxy Website]* [http://www.antiochian.org/western-rite Western Rite Vicariate of the Society Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of Clerks Secular of StNorth America]* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/ Saint Petroc Monastery ROCOR Tasmania] * [http://www.christminster. Basil (SSB), was founded by org Christ the Bishop of Washington, Ignatius Nichols, as a devotional society for clergy and laity based on daily recitation of the Western BreviarySavior Monastery ROCOR Rhode Island]* [http://www. His successor was Alexander Turneroccidentalorthodox. Consecrated a bishop by Nichols in 1939, Turner pastored a small parish in Mount Vernonorg. After Nichols' repose in 1947, Turner concluded that there was no future for the SSB outside uk/ Worldwide directory of canonical Orthodoxy. Through Fr Paul Schneirla, he began unofficial dialogue with Metropolitan Antony Bashir. Even before this, Turner had been promoting the Western Rite Orthodox idea through his periodical ''Orthodoxy''. communities]* [http://occidentaliswww.blogspotstgregoryoc.com/2004org/09links/western-rite-historyparish-partdirectory/ Antiochian Western Rite Parishes] (North America, with links to parish sites)* [http://www.rocor-fivewr.htmlorg/ ROCOR Western-rite Communities](ROCOR Western-rite Communities homepage with Links to parishes)

In 1961, ===Liturgies===*[http://www.stgregoryoc.org/article/the Society was received into -divine-liturgy-according-to-the Syrian Antiochian Archdiocese on -rite-of-saint-gregory/ Text of the basis Liturgy of Metropolitan Antony's 1958 edictSaint Gregory]*[http://orthodoxanglican.net/downloads/tikhon. Upon reception, Bishop Alexander Turner became a canonical priest PDF Text of the Orthodox ChurchLiturgy of Saint Tikhon], guiding though not in its authorized form.*[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/sarum.htm Text of the group Sarum Rite Liturgy] as Vicarcorrected for use within [[ROCOR]] by His Grace Archbishop Hilarion *[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/english.htm Text of the English Liturgy]*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/the_divine_liturgy_of_saint_germanus.htm Text of the Divine Liturgy according to Saint Germanus of Paris]] *[http://www.stmichaelwhittier.org/resources/osboff7.pdf Office and Prayers of the Oblates of St. Benedict] (PDF) - Western Rite oblates.*[http://www.allmercifulsavior.com/Liturgy/Liturgics.html Liturgical Texts Project] (PDF) -General until his repose in 1971Compilation of numerous liturgical texts.*[http://www.antiochian.org/sites/default/files/ordinary_and_canon_rite_of_st_gregory.pdf The Ordinary and Canon of the Mass], according to the Rite of St. After his reposeGregory of Great, Fr Paul Wrevised 2012 translation blessed for use by Metropolitan Philip of the Antiochian Archdiocese of North America.*[http://media.wix.Scom/ugd/144b2c_20fb156e03c34f56a6dc312f73f9888d. Schneirla became Vicar-Generalpdf The Order of the Divine Liturgy According to the Restored Ancient Roman Rite of St. Other communities have also been received into Gregory the VicariateGreat], particularly as a result authorized by the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]].*[http://media.wix.com/ugd/144b2c_a2ca284c5a934ec0af6e0a8fe6404ba7.pdf The Liturgy of the theological and practical devolution English Church], approved for Orthodox usage by the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]].*[http://media.wix.com/ugd/144b2c_f7a90a42b99e4fe9879d2aebe641ad20.pdf The Ordinary of the Episcopal Sarum Liturgy], approved for Orthodox usage by the [[Russian Orthodox Church UOutside of Russia]].S*[http://civitas-dei.eu/winch.pdf The Canonical Mass of the English Orthodox], by Dr.ARaymond Winch, Third Edition. Several Western An academic reconstruction of the pre-schism English usage of the ancient Roman Rite missions have been founded, some growing into full parish status.

The Church ===Books===* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?bookid=23809 Children of Russia received a New York Old Catholic community in 1962 as Mount Royal Monastery, and later moved the Promise: An Introduction to WoodstockWestern Rite Orthodoxy]'', New Yorkby Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781418475826* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~40659.aspx Offering the Lamb: Reflections on the Western Rite Mass in the Orthodox Church]'', under Archbishop John (Wendland) by Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781425970819* ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=s8nfEy1H8QcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Liturgies of the Russian Exarchate of North America. LaterWestern Church]'', this community was received by Prof. Dr. Bard Thompson. ISBN 9780800614287* ''[http://www.archive.org/details/MN41674ucmf_0 The Ancient Liturgies of the Russian Orthodox Gallican Church Outside Russia]'', under Archbishop Nikon (Rklitzsky)by Rev. J. M. In 1993Neale, the monastery was renamed to Christminster and moved to Providence, Rhode Island, under Bishop Hilarion 1855. ''(KapralIn Latin with some English notes) of Manhattan (since transferred). It's present abbot is Dom James Deschene.'

====ElsewhereIntroduction and History===<!-- * [http://www.receive.org/index.php?submenu=23 An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy]: Interview with Fr. Paul Schneirla and Fr. Michael Keiser on [http://www.receive.org/ Come Receive the Light] (audio) Sent message to Seraphim Danckaert at OCN to see whether this is online. ~Magda --->* A Short History of the Western Rite Vicariate, by [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Benjamin Andersen]: [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/short-history-of-western-rite.html Part 1], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-two.html Part 2], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-three.html Part 3], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html Part 4], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html Part 5], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-six.html Part 6], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-seven.html Part 7], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html Part 8], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-nine.html Part 9] (permission required)* [http://www.occidentalorthodox.org.uk/ Occidental Orthodox Christianity] Dedicated to the furtherance of the Western Rite within canonical Orthodoxy.* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/wrbooklet An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy], An electronic version of the now out-of-print Conciliar Press booklet; edited by Fr. Michael Trigg, Ph.D.* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/ Orthodox Resurgence] Movement for Western Christians seeking reception in the Orthodox Western Rite. * [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/pc/alcuin/tract12.html "Observations on the American Book of Common Prayer,"] the Holy Synod of Russia's guidelines for suiting the 1892 Book of Common Prayer for celebration within Orthodoxy.In 1995*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/turner The Western Rite: Its Fascinating Past and Its Promising Future], by Fr. [[Alexander Turner]]*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/overbeck.pdf The Western Rite and the Eastern Church : Dr. J. J. Overbeck and his scheme for the re-establishment of the Orthodox Church in the West (PDF)], by Fr. David F. Abramtsov, University of Pittsburgh, 1959*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/anthony On the Western Rite Edict of Antioch also established a British Deanery Metropolitan Anthony (Bashir)], by Fr. David Abramstov, in addition to absorb converts an excerpt from the Church report of EnglandMetropolitan Anthony (Bashir) to the 1958 Archdiocesan Convention*[http://www.christminster.org/write.htm Western Orthodox Christians: Who Are They?], from [[Christminster (Providence, Rhode Island)]], a Benedictine Monastery under [[ROCOR]]*[http://www.christminster.org/history. Not all htm History of these parishes are Christminster]*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/whatis What is Western-Rite Orthodoxy?], by Fr. Patrick McCauley*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/twain The Twain Meet], by Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla* [http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/janfeb/westernrites.htm Western RiteOrthodox in our midst: Ad Fontes!], by Dr. Alexander Roman* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870973,00.html Eastern But Western], from the May 1, 1964, issue of [i]Time[/i] Magazine.

===Video===*[http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2009/01/video-fuller-christmas-eve-mass-with.html Video] of Dom James Deschene celebrating Midnight Mass for Christmas 2009 at the Oratory of our Lady of Glastonbury, the chapel attached to Christminster Monastery.*[http://stpaulsorthodox.org/Media/SaintPaul.wmv Video] on the Western Rite Orthodoxy, in Australia and New Zealand, has arisen mostly from Anglican and Continuing Anglican communitiesSt. Archbishop Hilarion (Kapral) of Sydney, ROCORPaul Orthodox Church, received some communities under his omophorion; while others have been received by Archbishop Gibran and Metropolitan Archbishop PaulHouston, both under the Church of Antioch.Texas

Other small groups following ===Apologiae===* [http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2006/03/message-from-metropolitan-western-rite.html Met. PHILIP (Saliba)'s Promise]: Western Rite churches will not be Byzantized.* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/basil Comments on the Western Rite have been received] by Bishop [[Basil (Essey) of Wichita]]* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/Lux-Occidentalis Lux Occidentalis (PDF)] ''The Orthodox Western Rite and the Liturgical Tradition of Western Orthodox Christianity, with reference to The Orthodox Missal, Saint Luke's Priory Press, but usually have either had little impactStanton, or have declared their independence soon after their receptionNJ, 1995'' by the Rev'd John Charles Connely* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/greekdenver Doctrinal Issues: Western Rite Orthodoxy], from the ''Diocesan News for Clergy and Laity'' (February 1995), Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver* [http://www.saintpeterorthodox.org/write.htm Western Rite Orthodoxy: Its history, its validity, and its opportunity], by Annette Milkovich, including an interview with Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla, constituting a rough Western Rite "FAQ"* [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Occidentalis - A Weblog of Orthodox Catholic Christianity in the Western Rite tradition] (permission required)* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/sergius.html On the Question of Western Orthodoxy], by Patriarch [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow]] in a letter to [[Vladimir Lossky]]*[http://http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/search/label/Anti-WR%20Criticism Dealing with Anti-WR Criticism], from the Western Orthodoxy blog.

Some ===Criticism===* [http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html The Western Rite parishes are also in ], by Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]]* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/schmemann.html Notes and Comments on the Oriental Orthodox churches"Western Rite"], ibid.* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/news-encyclical.html News: Bishop Anthony Issues Encyclical on "Western Rite"]* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/correspondence. The Syrian patriarchate html Correspondence on the Western Rite] between Bishop [[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of Antioch consecrated Antonio San Francisco Xavier Alvarez as Archbishop of Ceylon, Goa ]] and India in 1889Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/ware.html Some Thoughts on the "Western Rite" In Orthodoxy], authorizing a Roman by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite diocese under him; in 1891/tsichlis.html The Western Rite - Some Final Comments], the Syrians consecrated the aforementioned Joseph Ren&eacute; Vilatte as archbishop by Fr. [[Steven Peter Tsichlis]]* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/johnson.html The "Western Rite": Is It Right for the American Old CatholicsOrthodox?], by Fr. Michael Johnson

==Liturgy=News and Views===North American * [http://web.archive.org/web/20070222203921/http://homepage.mac.com/gthurman/iblog/C931234280/index.html Fr. Matthew Thurman's blog, Western Rite parishes generally follow one section] (or sometimes botharchive) - consisting primarily of two types of traditional Western liturgical traditionsoriginal documents written by Fr. Alexander Turner and other WRV clergy. The majority celebrate the * [[Liturgy of Sthttp://occidentalis.blogspot. Tikhon of Moscow]com Occidentalis]- maintained by Subdn. Benjamin Andersen (WRV), which this blog is an adaptation of the a source for this OrthodoxWiki entry. (permission required)* [[Eucharist|Communionhttp://westernorthodox.blogspot.com Western Orthodoxy]] service from the 1928 Anglican ''Book of Common Prayer'' - Breaking news and ''The Anglican Missal in views on the American Edition,'' as their Sunday liturgy. Until 1977, all Western Rite parishes celebrated only the .* [[Liturgy of Sthttp://sarisburium.blogspot. Gregory the Great]], which is a modified form of the ancient Mass known to com Oremus - Roman Catholics before the liturgical reforms of Vatican II Rite in the 1960s. Many parishes within the Western Rite Vicariate continue to celebrate the Gregorian liturgy. However, most WRV parishes celebrate more than one weekly liturgy, and many of the Tikhonite parishes celebrate the Gregorian liturgy on weekdays. The complete Roman rite of Benediction is also authorized.Orthodox Church]

The ===Listservs===* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/westernriteorthodoxy Western Rite Orthodoxy]: Discussion of Western Rite Orthodoxy, focusing the [[Western Rite liturgy has much less repetition than its corresponding elements Vicariate]] (Antiochian). Most active participants are members of the Antiochian WRV.* [http://p097.ezboard.com/belyforum The Ely Forum]: "Dedicated to the theological and liturgical heritage of The Church in the Byzantine riteBritish Isles, the ancient Patriarchates of the Undivided Church and generally has a more briskthe restoration of our genuine heritage of Orthodox Christianity in the West. A place of sane, sensible, succinct manner to itlively, discussion between Christian gentlemen." Founded by Fr. Michael of St. Petroc Monastery (ROCOR). * [http://groups.yahoo. Celebrants wear distinctive com/group/Occidentalis/ Occidentalis]: Yahoo discussion group on the Western vestments, rite; moderated by Father Aidan (Keller).* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Orthodoxwest/ Orthodoxwest]: Yahoo discussion group on Orthodoxy in the West and sponsored by the faithful follow pious devotional customs particular to their tradition, as wellEastern Archdiocese of the Milan Synod; moderated by Father Symeon (Bensimon-Kilmer).

The development of the current use within the [[Category:Featured Articles]][[Category:Jurisdictions]][[Category:Liturgics]][[Category:Western Rite Vicariate]] is of particular note:

[[bg:Metropolitan Antony was well aware that the Western Rite was “a work for specialists.Западен обряд]][[ro:Ritul occidental]]