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→Papal Supremacy and Pentarchy: fixing links
For the Pope of Rome to change the Creed unilaterally without reference to an Ecumenical Council was considered by the Eastern bishops to be offensive to other bishops, as it undermined the collegiality and right of the episcopacy.
This led to the primary causes of the Schism - the disputes over conflicting claims of jurisdiction, in particular over [[papal supremacy|papal authority]]. Pope [[Pope Leo IX]] claimed he held authority over the four Eastern [[patriarch]]s (see also [[Pentarchy]]).
Pope Leo IX allowed the insertion of the [[Filioque clause]] into the [[Nicene Creed]] in the West in 1014 <ref>Aristeides Papadakis The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy, SVS Press, NY, 1994 p14)</ref>. Eastern Orthodox today state that the 28th Canon of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] explicitly proclaimed the equality of the Bishops of Rome and Constantinople, and that it established the highest court of ecclesiastical appeal in Constantinople.
The seventh canon of the [[Council of Ephesus]] declared:
:It is unlawful for any man to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different (ἑτέραν) Faith as a rival to that established by the holy Fathers assembled with the Holy Ghost in Nicæa. But those who shall dare to compose a different faith, or to introduce or offer it to persons desiring to turn to the acknowledgment of the truth, whether from Heathenism or from Judaism, or from any heresy whatsoever, shall be deposed, if they be bishops or clergymen; bishops from the episcopate and clergymen from the clergy; and if they be laymen, they shall be [[anathematized]]<ref>([http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3810.htm Extracts from the Acts of the Council of Ephesus]). The creed quoted in the Acts of the Council of Ephesus (the Third Ecumenical Council) is that of the first Ecumenical Council]], not the creed as modified by the second [[Second Ecumenical Council]], and so does not have additions such as "who proceeds from the Father" (''ibidem'').</ref>
Eastern Orthodox today state that this Canon of the Council of Ephesus explicitly prohibited modification of the Nicene Creed drawn up by the [[First Council of Nicaea|first Ecumenical Council]] in 325, the wording of which but, it is claimed, not the substance, had been modified by the [[Second Ecumenical Council|First Council of Constantinople|second Ecumenical Council]], making additions such as "who proceeds from the Father".
In the Orthodox view, the Bishop of Rome (i.e. the Pope) would have universal primacy in a reunited Christendom, as ''[[primus inter pares]]'' without power of jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8523.asp|title=Papal primacy|accessdate=2008-10-16|author=Emmanuel Clapsis|publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|quote=The regional primacy can be conceived not as power or jurisdiction but only as an expression of the unity and unanimity of all the bishops, and consequently of all the churches, of an area.
We must understand the universal primacy of the Roman Church similarly. Based on Christian Tradition, it is possible to affirm the validity of the church of Rome's claims of universal primacy. [...] Orthodoxy does not reject Roman primacy as such, but simply the particular way of understanding that primacy which has become Roman dogma in the last two centuries. Within a reintegrated Christendom the bishop of Rome would be considered ''primus inter pares'' serving the unity of God's Church in love. He cannot be accepted as ''set over'' the Church as a ruler whose ''diakonia'' is conceived through legalistic categories of power of jurisdiction.}}</ref>
===Filioque===