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→The Dogmatic Matters: The Filioque
To summarize an already [[Filioque|extensive article on the matter]], the Filioque is a word that changes the Nicene Creed into "[Spiritus Sanctus] ex Patre Filioque procedit" or "[Holy Spirit] proceeds from the Father and the Son." The first appearance into the Creed happened in Spain when Latin theologians were trying to refute a brand of the Arian heresy. The theologians had better access to the writings of Latin theologians, particularly of St. [[Augustine of Hippo]]. Augustine had the notion that the Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father and the Son but that neither were subordinate to each other. So the Creed was changed by a local synod of bishops and the justification was that it both asserts the divinity of Christ (refuting Arianism) and the unity of the Trinity.
There are two reasons why changing the Creed like that is a heresy. The first one is that it is contrary to Scripture and contrary to the idea of the Trinity. The second one is that the Creed was changed without other bishops being involved in an Ecumenical Council/Synod. Further explanations will be in the [[Filioque]] article, particularly in the "Filioque as a heresy."
== The Ecclesiological Matters: The Bishop of Rome ==