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'''Old Calendarists''' are groups of Orthodox Christians who are in various levels of "resistance" against the mainstream Orthodox churches, identified mainly by their insistence on the use of the Julian Calendar. They are to be distinguished from the mainstream churches which simply follow the [[Julian Calendar]] yet remain in [[full communion]] with most or all of world Orthodoxy. Many Old Calendarists today say that their concerns about [[ecumenism]] are more significant than calendar issues.
The term, however, is misleading, as can be seen below, since all Russian churches of any note, including the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]], use the older calendar, and so the calendar was never an issue. However, the Old Calendarists have, in general, always considered themselves spiritually united to the Russian Catacomb Church. In correspondence with and concerning each other they are usually styled with one of the three terms below.
The mainstream churches have varying positions on different Old Calendarist churches, ranging from an active desire to restore unity to a denial of the Old Calendarists' Orthodoxy.