Some scholars<ref>Cleenewerck, Laurent ''His Broken Body: Understanding and Healing the Schism between the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]and [[Eastern Orthodox]] Churches''. Washington, DC: EUC Press (2008) pp. 145-155</ref> have argued that the Schism between East and West has very ancient roots, and that sporadic schisms in the common unions took place under Pope [[Pope Victor I]] (second century), Pope [[Pope Stephen I]] (third century) and Pope [[Pope Damasus I]] (fourth and fifth century). Later on, disputes about theological and other questions led to schisms between the Churches in Rome and Constantinople for 37 years from 482 to 519 (the [[Acacian Schism]]), and for 13 years from 866-879 (see Patriarch [[Patriarch Photios I of Constantinoplethe Great]]).