=----===Within Orthodoxy====

====Roman Catholic====

*1889 In southern India 5000 Catholics broke from Rome over an organizational dispute, and formed the ''Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India'' (i.e. the ''Jacobite Church of Ceylon, Goa and India''; today this is a self-governing branch of the [[Church of India|Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church]], known as the [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church]], a uniate faction under the Indian Orthodox Church).*1889 Federation of [[w:Old Catholic Church|Old Catholic Churches]], not in communion with Rome, at the [[w:Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)|Union of Utrecht]]. *1945 Bp. [[w:Carlos Duarte Costa|Carlos Duarte Costa]] of Botucatu (in Brazil), a strong advocate for the liberal reform of the Roman Church since the 1930s, was finally excommunicated by the Vatican on July 2, 1945, in particular for his criticisms of Vatican foreign policy during World War II toward Nazi Germany; in 1945 Bp. Costa became the founder and first patriarch of the [[w:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church|Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]], an independent Roman Catholic Church (claiming 58 dioceses and five million members in 17 countries, as of 2007).*1957 The "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]" (the official state-approved Church) is established by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau, to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics; the unofficial (Papal) Church continues function as a separate entity.*1970 In opposing the changes within the Church associated with the Second Vatican Council, French Roman Catholic Archbishop [[w:Marcel Lefebvre|Marcel Lefebvre]] founded the [[w:Society of St. Pius X|Society of St. Pius X]] (SSPX), which is still the world's largest [[w:Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist Catholic]] priestly society, composed of 4 bishops and 463 priests, 85 brothers, 75 oblates and 160 seminarians. ----

====Eastern Catholic Churches====The Vatican's [[w:Annuario Pontificio|Annuario Pontificio]] gives the following list of 22 Eastern Catholic Churches and of countries (or other political areas, consisting of more than country) in which they possess an episcopal ecclesiastical jurisdiction (date of union or foundation in parenthesis):

=====Alexandrian liturgical tradition=====

=====Antiochian (West-Syrian) liturgical tradition=====

=====Chaldean or East Syrian liturgical tradition=====

=====Armenian liturgical tradition=====

=====Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition=====

:*1994 At the feast of [[Pentecost]] in 1994, at Saint Mark's Cathedral in Cairo, Abba Seraphim was ordained a Metropolitan by His Holiness Pope [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Shenouda III]], and the British Orthodox Church became a constituent of the [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate]].

:*1665 "Jacobite" bishop, [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem came to India, confirming the Episcopal consecration of [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]] as the head of the Orthodox Church in India; this was a new beginning in the history of the '''modern [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]];''' the Western Syrian language and Antiochene liturgy was adopted in their church.:*1912 The [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''('Bava Kakshi' (Patriarch's Party))'' remained as an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]], when the [[Church of India]] split from Antioch in 1912.

*1993 [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] was formerly a part of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, its autocephaly being reluctantly recognized by the Ethiopian Patriarchate after Eritrea gained its independence in the 1993.

*52 [[Church of India|Church in India]] was founded by St. [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas the Apostle]].*1498 The Portuguese reached the Indian shore in 1498, along with them came Roman Catholic missionaries.*1653 [[w:Coonan Cross Oath|Coonan Cross Oath]] by which all connections with the Portuguese Roman Catholics and Jesuits (Roman Catholic supremacy) was rejected by the St Thomas Christians.*1665 The "Jacobite" bishop, Mar Gregorios of Jerusalem came to India, confirming the Episcopal consecration of [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]] as the head of the Orthodox 1912 [[Church of India|Church in India]] (Oriental Orthodoxy restored); this was a new beginning in the history of modern Malankara Church.*1772 [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]] splits from the main Orthodox Christian body; this church is not in full communion with other Orthodox Churches.*1910 Formation of the [[Archdiocese of Knanaya]], a part of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syrian Orthodox Church]].*1912 Autocephaly, with the relocation in India of the ''[[w:List of Catholicos of the East|Catholicate of the East]]('Methran Kakshi', which historically had been in Seleucia and later in Tigris; consecration of the first Indian Catholicose, Moran Mar [[w:Baselios Paulose I|Baselios Paulos]] (1912-14), first Bishop''Catholicose of the East'' in India, with the participation of (deposed?s Party) Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Abdul Masih II|Abdul Messiah]] of Antioch and (excommunicated?) Malankara Metropolitan [[w:Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril|Geevarghese Dionysius]]; the Indian Orthodox Church view is that the ''Catholicate of the East'' is autocephalous and in the legitimate succession of St. Thomas the Apostle, citing use of the term ''"throne of St. Thomas"'' in documents since at least 1301 AD, and that this was a period of religious turmoil where declares autocephaly from the Patriarch of Antioch interfered and suspended the Malankara Metropolitan, demanding complete surrender, leading to this event; two factions thus emerge in Oriental Indian Orthodoxy: the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''(Patriarchal, "Jacobite", or Bava Faction)'' and [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church)]] ''(Catholicos, or Methran Faction)''. *1934 Constitution of the [[Church of India|Orthodox Church in India]] as an autocephalous Church linked to the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Orthodox Syrian Church of the Patriarch of Antioch]].*1958 On September 12, the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India recognized the validity of the Catholicate and unanimously declared that the Patriarch of Antioch does not have any authority over after a vertical split in the Malankara church and that the Indian church is completely free under the Catholicos of the East; by an accord, Syrian Patriarch [[w:Ignatius Ya`qub III|Ignatius Yakoub III]] affirmed his canonical acceptance of the Catholicate as well as the Constitution of the Indian Orthodox Churchin 1911; the two factions of the Malankara Church, viz: [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''(Patriarchal, "Jacobite", or 'Bava Faction)'' and [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church)]] 'Kakshi'(Catholicos, or Methran Faction)'' were re-united.*1972 The new Catholicos, [[w:Baselios Augen I|Augen I]], began to claim that he is seated on the throne of St. Thomas, favoring autocephaly and "Thomasine" hierarchical succession.*1975 A Synod of the Syrian Orthodox Church excommunicated the Catholicos and his followers; the Catholicos and the Metropolitans convened their own Synod separately, and cut off connections with the Patriarch of Antioch; thus the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''(Patriarchal, "Jacobite", or Bava Faction)'' and [[Church of India|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Churchs Party)]] ''(Catholicos, or Methran Faction)'' split again.*1995 June 20, on the Supreme Court of India unequivocally declared that "The Patriarch of Antioch was undoubtedly acknowledged and recognised by all the members of the Malankara Church other hand remained as the supreme head of their Church", implying that the Indian Orthodox Catholicate is part an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] and is not autocephalous.*2002 The two groups conducted their own Syrian Christian Association meetings and since then are functioning independently; the Malankara Jacobite faction adopted a new constitution, against the constitution of 1934.

*424 Formal separation of the [[Assyrian Chruch Church of the East]] ("'''Syrian Church'''" or the "'''Persian Church'''"), from the See of Antioch and the western Syrian Church under the Byzantine Emperors, occurred at a synod in 424; (in India, it is known as the '''Chaldean Syrian Church'''; In the West it is often known as the '''Nestorian Church''').

*1525 ''Anabaptism'' established; (today's descendants include particularly the Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Bruderhof, and Mennonites).

*1906 ''Pentecostal movement'' spreads after the Azusa Street Revival (1906-09); also known as "''[[Charismatic Movement]]''" from ca.1960 onwards.

[[Category:Timelines|Schisms]]