*362-414 '''Antiochian Schism'''.*484-519 '''[[Acacian Schism]]'''.*553-698 '''Schism of the Three Chapters'''.*863-867 '''Photian Schism'''.*1054 '''[[Great Schism|Great Schism between East and West]]''', generally regarded as having been completed by the act of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.

=----===Within Orthodoxy====*1265-1310 '''Arsenite Schism'''.*ca.1666-67 '''[[Old Believers]]''' became separated after 1666-1667 from the hierarchy of the Church of Russia as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow.*1921 '''Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church''' (UAOC).*1935 '''[[Old Calendarists|Old Calendar Schism]]''', when three bishops declared their separation from the official [[Church of Greece ]] stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act. *1990 '''Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kiev Patriarchate''' (UOC-KP).

=----===Roman Catholic====*1378-1417 '''[[w:Western Schism|Western Great Schism]]''' ensues, including simultaneous reign of three Popes of Rome. *1723 The '''[[w:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Church of Holland]]''', (or '''[[w:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Church of Utrecht]]''') broke with Rome under its own archbishop and hierarchy, becoming the mother church of the Old Catholic Churches. *1889 Federation In southern India 5000 Catholics broke from Rome over an organizational dispute, and formed the ''Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India''(i.e. the ''Jacobite Church of Ceylon, Goa and India''; today this is a self-governing branch of the [[Church of India|Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church]], known as the [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church]], a uniate faction under the Indian Orthodox Church).*1889 Federation of [[w:Old Catholic Church|Old Catholic Churches]]''', not in communion with Rome, at the '''[[w:Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)|Union of Utrecht]].*1945 Bp. [[w:Carlos Duarte Costa|Carlos Duarte Costa]] of Botucatu (in Brazil), a strong advocate for the liberal reform of the Roman Church since the 1930s, was finally excommunicated by the Vatican on July 2, 1945, in particular for his criticisms of Vatican foreign policy during World War II toward Nazi Germany; in 1945 Bp. Costa became the founder and first patriarch of the [[w:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church|Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]], an independent Roman Catholic Church (claiming 58 dioceses and five million members in 17 countries, as of 2007).*1957 The "[[w:Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association|Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association]]" (the official state-approved Church) is established by the People's Republic of China's Religious Affairs Bureau, to exercise state supervision over mainland China's Catholics; the unofficial (Papal) Church continues function as a separate entity.*1970 In opposing the changes within the Church associated with the Second Vatican Council, French Roman Catholic Archbishop [[w:Marcel Lefebvre|Marcel Lefebvre]] founded the [[w:Society of St. Pius X|Society of St. Pius X]] (SSPX), which is still the world's largest [[w:Traditionalist Catholic|Traditionalist Catholic]] priestly society, composed of 4 bishops and 463 priests, 85 brothers, 75 oblates and 160 seminarians.

:'''Alexandrian liturgical tradition''' ===Eastern Catholic Churches===:#''The Vatican's [[w:Coptic Catholic ChurchAnnuario Pontificio|Coptic Catholic ChurchAnnuario Pontificio]]''' (patriarchate): Egypt (1741) :#'''[[w:Ethiopian gives the following list of 22 Eastern Catholic Church|Ethiopian Catholic Church]]''' Churches and of countries in which they possess an episcopal ecclesiastical jurisdiction (metropoliadate of union or foundation in parenthesis): Ethiopia, Eritrea (1846)

====Alexandrian liturgical tradition==== :#[[w:'''Coptic Catholic Church|Coptic Catholic Church]] (patriarchate): Egypt (1741) :#[[w:Ethiopian Catholic Church|Ethiopian Catholic Church]] (metropolia): Ethiopia, Eritrea (1846)  ====Antiochian (Antiochene or West-Syrian) liturgical tradition'''====:#'''[[w:Maronite Church|Maronite Church]]''' (patriarchate): Lebanon, Cyprus, Jordan, Israel, Palestinian Authority, Egypt, Syria, Argentina, Brazil, United States, Australia, Canada, Mexico (union re-affirmed 1182)

:#'''[[w:Syriac Catholic Church|Syriac Catholic Church]]''' (patriarchate): Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Palestinian Authority, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, United States and Canada, Venezuela (1781).<br>:#'''[[w:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church|Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]''' (major archiepiscopate): India, United States (1930).

:'''Armenian liturgical tradition''':#'''[[w:Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic Church]]''' (patriarchate): Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, Ukraine, France, Greece, Latin America, Argentina, Romania, United States, Canada, Eastern Europe (1742)  :'''====Chaldean or East Syrian liturgical tradition'''====:#'''[[w:Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic Church]]''' (patriarchate): Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, United States (1692) :#'''[[w:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Church]]''' (major archiepiscopate): India, Middle East, Europe and America (date disputed)

====Armenian liturgical tradition====:#[[w:'''Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic Church]] (patriarchate): Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, Ukraine, France, Greece, Latin America, Argentina, Romania, United States, Canada, Eastern Europe (1742)  ====Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition''' ==== :#'''[[w:Albanian Greek-Catholic Church|Albanian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (apostolic administration): Albania (1628).:#'''[[w:Belarusian Greek Catholic Church|Belarusian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (no established hierarchy at present): Belarus (1596). :#'''[[w:Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church|Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (apostolic exarchate): Bulgaria (1861).:#'''[[w:Croatian Greek Catholic Church|Byzantine Church of the Eparchy of Križevci]]''' (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (1611). :#'''[[w:Greek Byzantine Catholic Church|Greek Byzantine Catholic Church]]''' (two apostolic exarchates): Greece, Turkey (1829).:#'''[[w:Hungarian Greek Catholic Church|Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (an eparchy and an apostolic exarchate): Hungary (1646).:#'''[[w:Italo-Greek Catholic Church|Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]]''' (two eparchies and a territorial abbacy): Italy (Never separated).:#'''[[w:Macedonian Greek Catholic Church|Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (an apostolic exarchate): Republic of Macedonia (1918). :#'''[[w:Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]''' (patriarchate): Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Brazil, United States, Canada, Mexico, Iraq, Egypt and Sudan, Kuwait, Australia, Venezuela, Argentina (1726).:#'''[[w:Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic]]''' (major archiepiscopate): Romania, United States (1697). :#'''[[w:Russian Catholic Church|Russian Catholic Church]]''': (two apostolic exarchates, at present with no published hierarchs): Russia, China (1905); currently about 20 parishes and communities scattered around the world, including five in Russia itself, answering to bishops of other jurisdictions.:#'''[[w:Ruthenian Catholic Church|Ruthenian Catholic Church]]''' (a sui juris metropolia, an eparchy, and an apostolic exarchate): United States, Ukraine, Czech Republic (1646). :#'''[[w:Slovak Greek Catholic Church|Slovak Greek Catholic Church]]''' (metropolia): Slovak Republic, Canada (1646).:#'''[[w:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]''' (UGCC) (major archiepiscopate): Ukraine, Poland, United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Germany and Scandinavia, France, Brazil, Argentina (1596).

====[[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)]]====*ca.451 [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Christianity ]] broke from the Byzantine churches in the wake of the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451; [[Shenouda the Archimandrite|Shenouda the Great]], abbott of White Monastery in Egypt (d.466), is considered the founder of Coptic Christianity.:'''[[British Orthodox Church (Coptic)|British Orthodox Church]]''':*1994 At the feast of [[Pentecost]] in 1994, at Saint Mark's Cathedral in Cairo, Abba Seraphim was ordained a Metropolitan by His Holiness Pope [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Shenouda III]], and the British Orthodox Church became a constituent of the [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate]].

====[[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]]====*541 Jacob Baradeus organizes the Non-Chalcedonian Church in western Syria (the "Jacobites"), which spreads to Armenia and Egypt. [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]].

:[[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]]:*1665 "Jacobite" bishop, [[w:Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel|Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] of Jerusalem came to India, confirming the Episcopal consecration of [[w:Mar Thoma I|Mar Thoma I]] as the head of the Orthodox Church in India; this was a new beginning in the history of the '''modern [[w:Malankara Church|Malankara Church]];'''the Western Syrian language and Antiochene liturgy was adopted in their church.:*1912 The [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]]''(':*Bava Kakshi' (Patriarch's Party))'' remained as an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]], when the [[Church of India]] split from Antioch in 1912.

====[[Church of Armenia|Armenian Apostolic Church]]====*554 [[Church of Armenia ]] (Armenian Apostolic Church) officially breaks with West in 554, during the second Council of Dvin where the dyophysite formula of Chalcedon was rejected.

====[[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]====*1959 [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]], (Abbysinia), is an Oriental Orthodox church in Ethiopia that was part of the Coptic Church until 1959, when it was granted its own Patriarch by Coptic Pope Cyril VI.

====[[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]====*1993 [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church ]] was formerly a part of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, its autocephaly being reluctantly recognized by the Ethiopian Patriarchate after Eritrea gained its independence in the 1993.

====[[Church of India|The Church of India (MalankaraOrthodox Syrian Church)]]==== *1912 [[Church of India]] ''('Methran Kakshi' (Bishop's Party))'' declares autocephaly from the Jacobite [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]], after a vertical split in the Malankara Church in 1911; the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] ''('Bava Kakshi' (Patriarch's Party))'' on the other hand remained as an autonomous jurisdiction of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)]].

====[[Assyrian Church of the East]]====

*424 Formal separation of the [[Assyrian Chruch Church of the East ]] ("'''Syrian Church'''" or the "'''Persian Church'''"), from the See of Antioch and the western Syrian Church under the Byzantine Emperors, occurred at a synod in 424; (in India, it is known as the '''Chaldean Syrian Church'''; In the West it is often known as the '''Nestorian Church''').

*1517 '''Lutheran Church''' founded by Martin Luther, nailing his Ninety-Five Theses to door at Wittenburg, sparking Protestant Reformation.*1525 '''Anabaptism''' established; (today's descendants include particularly the Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Bruderhof, and Mennonites).*1534 '''Church of England''' (Anglicanism) founded by King Henry VIII.*1541 '''Calvinism''', (the ''Reformed tradition'', the ''Reformed faith'', or ''Reformed theology'') founded, as the French theologian Johannes Calvinus establishes the first Reformed church in Geneva.*1560 '''Presbyterian''' religion founded by John Knox in Scotland.*1571 '''Dutch Reformed Church''' founded at the Synod of Emden.*1592 '''Congregationalist''' religion originated by Robert Brown in Holland.*1609 '''Baptist''' religion launched by John Smyth in Amsterdam.*ca.1630-40 '''Puritan movement''' in England; approximately 20,000 Puritans emigrated to New England in the Great Migration; in 1662 the Puritans (also known as "'''Dissenters'''", later "'''Nonconformists'''") left or were forced out of the Church of England altogether.*1648 '''Society of Friends (Quakers)''' founded by George Fox, as a Nonconformist breakaway movement from English Puritanism.*1744 '''Methodist''' religion began by John and Charles Wesley in England; (the movement did not form a separate denomination in England until after John Wesley's death in 1795).*1773 '''Unitarian''' denomination dates from the secession of Theophilus Lindsey from the Anglican Church.*1789 '''Episcopal Church''' formally separated from the Church of England, so that clergy would not be required to accept the supremacy of the British monarch; a revised version of the Book of Common Prayer was also written for the new church in 1789.*1827 '''Plymouth Brethren'''; Anglican priest John Nelson Darby became an influential member of the movement now known as the Plymouth Brethren, and advocate of '' '''Dispensational Premillenialism''' '', an innovative Protestant movement that gave rise to '''Evangelicalism'''.*1830 '''Mormon (Latter Day Saints)''' religion started by Joseph Smith, in Palmyra, New York; ''Book of Mormon'' published.*1844 '''Seventh Day Adventists''' arose from the Millerite movement of the 1840s, which was part of the wave of revivalism in the United States known as the Second Great Awakening, and was formally established in 1863.*1865 '''Salvation Army''' sect began with William Booth in London.*1879 '''Christian Scientist''' religion is born, founded by Mary Baker Eddy.*1879 '''Jehovah's Witnesses''' founded by Charles Taze Russell.*1906 '''Pentecostal movement''' spreads after the Azusa Street Revival (1906-09); also known as "'''[[Charismatic Movement']]''" from ca.1960 onwards.*1925 '''United Church of Canada''', the second-largest Christian denomination in Canada after the Roman Catholic Church, is founded as a merger of four Protestant denominations.*1957 '''United Church of Christ''' (UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, generally considered within the Reformed tradition, formed in 1957 with the union of the ''Evangelical and Reformed Church'' and the ''Congregational Christian Churches''. 

[[Category:Timelines|Schisms]]