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[[Image:Aftimios Ofiesh.gif|right|frame|Aftimios Ofiesh]]
'''Aftimios Ofiesh''' (1880-1966, n&eacute; Abdullah Aftimios Ofiesh, sometimes spelled variously as "Oftimios" and/or "Ofiesch") was an early 20th century Orthodox [[bishop]] in America, serving under the auspices of the [[Church of Russia]].  He held the title ''Bishop of Brooklyn'' from 1917 until April of 1933, when he married, thus deposing himself from the episcopacy.  He is perhaps best known in our day as being the source of numerous lines of succession of ''[[episcopi vagantes]]''.  He died in 1966.


==Life==
Following the untimely death of St. [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] in 1915, Archimandrite Aftimios (Ofiesh) was elected to serve as his replacement in caring for the Arab Orthodox faithful in America under the [[Church of Russia]]'s canonical authority.  He was consecrated by Archbishop [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the Aleutians|Evdokim (Meschersky)]] as an auxiliary bishop in 1917 with the title of ''Bishop of Brooklyn''.  In 1923, in recognition for his work in America, he was elevated by Metropolitan [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York]] to the rank of [[archbishop]].

In 1924, in the canonical chaos of American Orthodoxy following the onset of the [[Bolshevik Revolution]] in Russia, the Arab Orthodox faithful split into two factions, one which wished to go under the canonical authority of the [[Church of Antioch]] and another which wished to stay faithful to the [[Church of Russia]].  The former group was organized by Bishop [[Victor (Abu Assaly) of New York]], thus beginning the official presence of the Church of Antioch on American soil.

[[Image:Aftimios Ofiesh2.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Aftimios in [[mantiya]]]]
In 1927, Aftimios was commissioned by the Russian [[diocese]] in America to form an English-speaking "American Orthodox Catholic Church," which, despite Aftimios' leadership and vision, only lasted for six years.  During this time, however, Aftimios consecrated three bishops for his new jurisdiction, [[Sophronios (Bashira) of Los Angeles]], Joseph (Zuk) for the Ukrainians[http://www.apostle1.com/aoc-history1.htm], and [[Ignatius Nichols|Ignatius (William Albert) Nichols]] in September of 1932 as his auxiliary bishop of Washington.[http://theocacna.org/ignatius.htm]  Additionally, in 1931 the [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]], a [[Western Rite]] group, was established under the auspices of this diocese and subsequently led by Nichols.[http://www.geocities.com/theocacnainc/ssb.htm]

In 1932, Archbishop Aftimios was invited to come to St. Mary's Syrian Orthodox Church in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to arbitrate a dispute regarding the transfer of its priest, Fr. Constantine Abou-Adal.  When Fr. Constantine left St. Mary's in November of 1932, the parish was without a pastor, and so Archbishop Aftimios served in that capacity until February of 1933, organizing a choir and Sunday School at the parish.  During this time, he met and became involved with one of St. Mary's parishioners, Mariam Namey, then subsequently married her in a civil ceremony in April of 1933.[http://www.antiochian.org/1112460492]

Reports vary at this point as to what happened regarding Aftimios' episcopacy.  According to the parish records of St. Mary's, he "was retired" and lived in nearby Kingston until his death in 1966.  With the withdrawal of support for the American Orthodox Catholic Church, it lost its canonical status.  According to the book ''Orthodox Christians in North America (1794-1994)'', however, Aftimios "resigned his episcopacy and married."[http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamerica.asp?SID=1&Chap=CH5]

One of the groups which now traces itself to Aftimios characterizes the situation differently: "We are not under and do not have a patriarch as head of this Church since the ethnic patriarchal orthodox bodies all turned their backs on this Church and use the marriage of Abp. Aftimios as the reason, although most had already refused to recognize this Church and its authority in the New World."[http://www.theocacna.org/whoweare.htm]

Whatever the case, relations between the small jurisdiction created by Aftimios and the mainstream Orthodox Church were not regularized following his marriage and ''de facto'' deposition from the episcopacy.  Since that time, numerous and still multiplying lines of succession of ''[[episcopi vagantes]]'' continue to persist which all trace their roots to Aftimios, many of whom regard him as a [[saint]].  Some of those bishops are married men, as well, which is a continual stumbling block to their unity with the mainstream Church, which has for centuries maintained a celibate episcopacy.  

Following his death in 1966 at age 85, Aftimios was buried in Maple Hill Cemetery across from St. Mary's Orthodox Cemetery in Wilkes-Barre.  His widow Mariam subsequently wrote his biography, published in 1999.

==Sources==
*[http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamericaTOC.asp?SID=1 ''Orthodox Christians in North America (1794-1994)''], chapters [http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamerica.asp?SID=1&Chap=CH4 4] and [http://www.oca.org/MVorthchristiansnamerica.asp?SID=1&Chap=CH5 5]
*[http://www.antiochian.org/1112460492 History of St. Mary Orthodox Church] (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania)
*[http://www.apostle1.com/aoc-history1.htm History of the American Orthodox Church] (one of the groups which traces its roots to Aftimios)

==Book==
*Mariam Namey Ofiesh, ''Archbishop Aftimios Ofiesh: A Biography Revealing His Contribution to Orthodoxy and Christendom'', (Sun City West, AZ: Abihider Co., 1999) (ISBN 0966090810)

==External links==
*[http://theocacna.org/ofiesh.htm Archbishop Aftimios Ofiesh]

===Writings===
*[http://www.the-episcopal-church.org/ofiesh-proposal.pdf A Basis for Orthodox Consideration of Unity], from the ''Orthodox Catholic Review'', 1927 (PDF also includes header and footer information from one of the below groups, as well as numerous bracketed insertions)

===Groups claiming succession from Aftimios Ofiesh===
**'''Note:''' Though many of these groups use names which are very similar to mainstream groups, they are usually not affiliated with them in any way.
*[http://www.geocities.com/theocacna/ American Orthodox Catholic Church], a.k.a. "The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America (THEOCACNA)" "American Orthodox Patriarchate" (other websites: [http://www.theocacna.org/ theocacna.org],[http://www.theocacna.us/ theocacna.us])
*[http://www.apostle1.com/ American Orthodox Church], a.k.a. "North American Orthodox Church," "Western Orthodox Church of America," "Orthodox Catholic Church of the Americas"
*[http://www.orthodoxusa.org/ United American Orthodox Catholic Church] (UAO)
*[http://www.the-episcopal-church.org/ The Continuing Episcopal Church] (CEC)
*[http://ar.geocities.com/iobeargentina/ Iglesia Ortodoxa Bieolorrusa Eslava] (Argentina)
*[http://www.iobe.org.br/ Igreja Ortodoxa Bielorrussa Eslava] (Brazil)
*[http://www.holygrail-church.fsnet.co.uk/ The Grail Church (Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ)]

[[Category:Bishops]]