Difference between revisions of "Ukrainian Orthodox Church"

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website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]
 
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]
 
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The '''Ukrainian Orthodox Church''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']].  Its current primate is His Beatitude Onufriy (Berezovkyi), (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine.  Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.
+
The '''Ukrainian Orthodox Church''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].   Its current primate is His Beatitude Onufriy (Berezovkyi), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine, who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy.  Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
−
{{stub}}
+
The [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church]] was founded through the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Until the late 17th century it formed the Metropolis of Kyiv under the [[Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]].
  
−
=== Autocephaly ===
+
In 1686, Kyiv was transferred to the jurisdiction of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] by a synodical letter of Ecumenical Patriarch Dionysius, which maintained that the metropolitan of Kyiv shall continue commemorating the Patriarch of Constantinople, followed by the Patriarch of Moscow. Through the centuries, this condition fell in disuse and the Metropolis of Kyiv came to be treated as an integral part of the Russian Orthodox Church.
  
−
6 January 2018 Ukrainian bishops under [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] (including 2 former [[Moscow Patriarchate]] bishops who recognized Constantinople [[jurisdiction]] over Ukraine) recieved [[autocephaly]] for Church of Ukraine<ref>[https://www.ec-patr.org/docdisplay.php?lang=gr&id=2674&tla=gr H επίσημη απονομή του Τόμου Αυτοκεφαλίας στην εν Ουκρανία Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία]</ref>.
+
On 28 October 1990,<ref>[http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1302845.html К 20-летию Благословенной Грамоты Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Алексия II о даровании Украинской Православной Церкви самостоятельности в управлении]: ″Определение фактически вступило в силу уже 28 октября 1990 года (когда Святейший Патриарх Алексий вручил занимавшему тогда Киевскую кафедру митрополиту Филарету соответствующую Грамоту)″</ref> the Moscow Patriarchate granted the Ukrainian Exarchate a status of a self–governing church under the jurisdiction of the ROC (but not the full [[Autonomy|autonomy]] as is understood in the ROC legal terminology).
  
−
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==
+
Following Ukraine's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991, a national [[Synod|sobor]] of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was held on November 1–3.<ref name=ukrainianweek>[https://ukrainianweek.com/Society/64554 Filaret: A Statehood-oriented Patriarch]</ref> At the sobor, the bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church together with other clergy and lay delegates unanimously passed a resolution stating that henceforth the UOC would operate as an autocephalous church.<ref name=ukrainianweek />. Filaret Denysenko, who had been the Metropolitan of Kyiv since 1968, was unaminously elected the acting primate of the new Church.
−
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''
 
  
−
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into two main factions:
+
In January 1992 the Ukrainian Orthodox Church submitted a request of autocephaly to the Moscow Patriarch.<ref>[http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/221781 After autocephaly], (26 October 2018)</ref><ref>[https://m.gazeta.ua/articles/life/_vselenskij-patriarhat-oprilyudniv-dokumenti-na-pidtrimku-ukrayinskoyi-avtokefaliyi/859088 The Ecumenical Patriarchate unveiled documents in support of Ukrainian autocephaly], (14 September 2018)</ref>. Moscow responded by asking Filaret to resign and organized a rival synod which met in Kharkiv in May 1992 and replaced Filaret with [[Metropolitan Volodymyr (Viktor Sabodan)|Bishop Volodymyr (Sabodan)]]<ref>[[http://spzh.news/en/istorija-i-kulytrua/42446-to-the-anniversary-of-kharkov-council-or-a-few-words-about-how-m-a-denisenko-was-expelled-from-churc To the anniversary of Kharkov Council, or a few words about how M.A. Denisenko was "expelled" from Church]]</ref>. Ultimately, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] suspended, defrocked and anathematized Filaret.
  
−
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) <!-->(which this article covers)</-->
+
Under Metropolitan Volodymyr, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church persisted and retained jurisdictional control of most churches and monasteries in Ukraine, while new schismatic entities were formed. For 26 years it was universally considered the only canonical church of Ukraine.
−
*Church of Ukraine (OCU), autocephalous in full communion with Ecumenical Patriarchate
 
  
−
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref>
+
In 2018, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] overrode the previous judgment of the Russian Orthodox Church regarding Filaret and other schismatic leaders and restored them to their hierarchical dignity, while at the same time it annulled the 1686 authorization letter and reclaimed its canonical jurisdiction over Ukraine. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (except for two bishops who were consequently disciplined) refused to participate to the Unification Council convoked by Patriarch Bartholomew on 15 December 2018 and has since denied to accept the Tomos of Autocephaly granted to the [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] that was formed by the Unification council.
  
−
In 2018 Ecumenical Patriarchate restored its canonical jurisdiction under Ukraine, accepted all bishops from [[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP) and [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC), as well as 2 bishops from UOC-MP, and 6 January 2019 granted autocephaly for Church of Ukraine. Moscow Patriarchate didn't recognize this decision.
+
As of 1 January 2018 there were 12,064 congregations under [[Moscow Patriarchate]] jurisdiction, 5,855 independent congregations that were in October accepted into [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], 200 non-canonical Orthodox congregations, and 3,765 Greek Catholic congregations<ref>[https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/resourses/statistics/ukr_2018/70440/ Religious Organizations in Ukraine as of 1 January, 2018 (in ukrainian)]</ref>. Still, only 13.3% of the Ukrainian population considered itself a member of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in 2016<ref>[[https://www.kiis.com.ua/materials/pr/20161807_religion/ENG%20Report%20on%20Religion%2018.07%20KIIS%20revised.pdf Religious Self-Identification and Prayer in Ukraine]]</ref>.
  
−
Currently UOC-MP is in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] but not recognized by Ecumenical Patriarchate. Autocephalous OCU is in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Constantinople]] but not recognized by Moscow Patriarchate.
+
Currently, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]], considers the acts of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as illegitimate and treats the [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] as schismatic.
  
−
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===
+
==Episcopate==
−
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref>
+
* Metropolitan Onufriy of Kyiv and All Ukraine
−
 
+
* Metropolitan Agafangel of Odessa and Izmail
−
In 2010 there were 11,791 canonical and 5,710 non-canonical Orthodox congregations in Ukraine, and 3,599 Greek Catholic congregations<ref>[https://risu.org.ua/en/index/resourses/statistics/ukr2010 Religious Organizations in Ukraine as of 1 January, 2010]</ref>
+
* Metropolitan Lazar of Simferopol and Crimea
−
 
+
* Metropolitan Mark of Khust and Vynohradiv
−
As of 1 January 2018 there were 12,064 congregations under [[Moscow Patriarchate]] jurisdiction, 5,855 independent congregations that were in October accepted into [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], 200 non-canonical Orthodox congregations, and 3,765 Greek Catholic congregations<ref>[https://risu.org.ua/ua/index/resourses/statistics/ukr_2018/70440/ Religious Organizations in Ukraine as of 1 January, 2018 (in ukrainian)]</ref>.
+
* Metropolitan Hilarion of Donetsk and Mariupol
−
 
+
* Metropolitan Theodore of Kamianets-Podilskyi and Horodok
−
==Structure of the Church==
+
* Metropolitan Meletius of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna
−
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):
+
* Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary
−
 
+
* Metropolitan Plate of Feodosia and Kerch
−
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)
+
* Metropolitan Irinej of Dnepropretrovsk and Pavlograd
−
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)
+
* Metropolitan Ionafan of Tulchyn and Bratslav
−
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)
+
* Metropolitan Serhiy of Ternopil and Kremenets
−
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)
+
* Metropolitan Anthony of Khmelnytsky and Starokonstantinovsky
−
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)
+
* Metropolitan Vissarion of Ovruch and Korosten
−
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)
+
* Metropolitan Pitirim of Mykolayiv and Ochakiv
−
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)
+
* Metropolitan Augustine of Bila Tserkva and Boguslav
−
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)
+
* Metropolitan Anatoliy of Polissya and Sarny
−
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)
+
* Metropolitan Seraphim of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia
−
#Diocese of Kahovka
+
* Metropolitan Ephraim of Kryvyi Rih and Nikopol
−
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)
+
* Metropolitan John of Kherson and Tavria
−
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)
+
* Metropolitan Ambrose of Chernihiv and Novgorod-Siversky
−
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)
+
* Metropolitan Agapit of Mogilev-Podolsky and Shargorod
−
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)
+
* Metropolitan Onufriy of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv
−
#Diocese of Khust (1994)
+
* Metropolitan Philip of Poltava and Myrhorod
−
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)
+
* Metropolitan Luka of Zaporizhia and Melitopol
−
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)
+
* Metropolitan Oleksiy of Baltic and Ananyiv
−
#Diocese of Kremenchuk
+
* Metropolitan Mitrofan of Horlivka and Slavonia
−
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)
+
* Metropolitan Elisha of Izyum and Kupyansk
−
#Diocese of Kiev (Kyiv) (988)
+
* Metropolitan Nikodim of Zhytomyr and Novograd-Volyn
−
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)
+
* Metropolitan Volodymy of Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Kovelskyi
−
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)
+
* Metropolitan Panteleimon of Uman and Zvenigorod
−
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)
+
* Metropolitan Evlogiy of Sumy and Okhtyrka
−
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)
+
* Metropolitan Joasaph of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod
−
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)
+
* Metropolitan Theodore of Mukachevo and Uzhgorod
−
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)
+
* Metropolitan Panteleimon of Luhansk and Alchevsk
−
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)
+
* Metropolitan Joseph of Rome and Burina
−
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)
+
* Metropolitan Volodymyr of Kamyansk and Tsarychansky
−
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)
+
* Metropolitan Nikodim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk
−
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)
+
* Metropolitan Filaret of Lviv and Halych
−
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)
+
* Metropolitan Theodosius of Cherkasy and Kaniv
−
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)
+
* Metropolitan Filaret oF Novokakhovka and Henichesk
−
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)
+
* Metropolitan Nicholas of Kremenchug and Lubny
−
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)
+
* Metropolitan Clement of Nizhyn and Pryluky
−
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)
+
* Metropolitan Varsonofy of Vinnytsia and Bar
−
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)
+
* Archbishop Roman of Konotop and Hlukhiv
−
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)
+
* Archbishop Arkady of Rovenkiv and Sverdlovsk
−
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)
+
* Archbishop Ephraim of Berdyansk and Primorsky
−
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)
+
* Archbishop Olkesiy of Voznesen and Pervoma
−
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)
+
* Arcbbishop Bogolep of Alexandria and Svitlovodsk
−
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)
+
* Archbishop Eusebius of Shepetivka and Slavutych
−
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)
+
* Archbishop Nathanael of Volyn and Lutsk
−
 
+
* Bishop Pimen of Rivne and Ostroh
−
==Current episcopacy==
+
* Bishop Oleksiy of Dzhanko and Rozdolen
−
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.
 
−
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s.  There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]
 
−
 
 
−
===Primate===
 
−
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church
 
−
 
 
−
===Diocesan bishops===
 
−
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)
 
−
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)
 
−
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)
 
−
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)
 
−
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)
 
−
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)
 
−
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)
 
−
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)
 
−
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)
 
−
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)
 
−
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)
 
−
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)
 
−
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)
 
−
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)
 
−
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)
 
−
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)
 
−
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)
 
−
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)
 
−
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)
 
−
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)
 
−
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)
 
−
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)
 
−
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)
 
−
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)
 
−
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)
 
−
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)
 
−
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)
 
−
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)
 
−
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)
 
−
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)
 
−
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)
 
−
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)
 
−
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)
 
−
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)
 
−
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)
 
−
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)
 
−
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)
 
−
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)
 
−
 
 
−
===Auxiliary bishops===
 
−
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kiev) (1992)
 
−
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kiev), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)
 
−
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)
 
−
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kiev), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)
 
−
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kiev) (2005)
 
−
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)
 
−
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)
 
−
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)
 
−
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kiev) (2006)
 
−
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)
 
−
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kiev) (2007)
 
−
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kiev), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kiev (2007)
 
−
 
 
−
===Retired bishops===
 
−
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)
 
−
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)
 
−
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)
 
−
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)
 
−
 
 
−
==Monasteries==
 
−
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.
 
−
 
 
−
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==
 
−
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:
 
−
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]
 
−
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]
 
−
 
 
−
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with all the Orthodox Church jurisdictions in Ukraine. As examples, both North American jurisdictions have former priests of the three major Orthodox jurisdictions in their respective Churches, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada blesses the use of a select number of books from the Kievan Patriarchate as Ukrainian translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF]
 
−
 
 
−
However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].
 
−
 
 
−
But even outside the Ukraine there are numerous splinter groups.  These include
 
−
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
Line 189: Line 107:
 
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)
 
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)
 
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)
 
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)
−
 
 
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)
 
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)
 
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.
 
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.

Latest revision as of 16:18, February 5, 2022

Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
Founder(s) Apostle Andrew; St. Vladimir of Kiev
Autocephaly/Autonomy declared 1990
Autocephaly/Autonomy recognized 1990 by Church of Russia
Current primate Metr. Onuphrius
Headquarters Kiev, Ukraine
Primary territory Ukraine
Possessions abroad N/A
Liturgical language(s) Church Slavonic, & Ukrainian
Musical tradition Kievan Chant
Calendar Julian
Population estimate 8,000,000 [1]
Official website UOC

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church is an autonomous Orthodox church whose primate is confirmed by the Russian Orthodox Church. Its current primate is His Beatitude Onufriy (Berezovkyi), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine, who resides at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.

History

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church was founded through the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the baptism of Prince St. Vladimir of Kiev and his people in 988, known as the Baptism of Rus'. Until the late 17th century it formed the Metropolis of Kyiv under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

In 1686, Kyiv was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church by a synodical letter of Ecumenical Patriarch Dionysius, which maintained that the metropolitan of Kyiv shall continue commemorating the Patriarch of Constantinople, followed by the Patriarch of Moscow. Through the centuries, this condition fell in disuse and the Metropolis of Kyiv came to be treated as an integral part of the Russian Orthodox Church.

On 28 October 1990,[1] the Moscow Patriarchate granted the Ukrainian Exarchate a status of a self–governing church under the jurisdiction of the ROC (but not the full autonomy as is understood in the ROC legal terminology).

Following Ukraine's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991, a national sobor of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was held on November 1–3.[2] At the sobor, the bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church together with other clergy and lay delegates unanimously passed a resolution stating that henceforth the UOC would operate as an autocephalous church.[2]. Filaret Denysenko, who had been the Metropolitan of Kyiv since 1968, was unaminously elected the acting primate of the new Church.

In January 1992 the Ukrainian Orthodox Church submitted a request of autocephaly to the Moscow Patriarch.[3][4]. Moscow responded by asking Filaret to resign and organized a rival synod which met in Kharkiv in May 1992 and replaced Filaret with Bishop Volodymyr (Sabodan)[5]. Ultimately, the Russian Orthodox Church suspended, defrocked and anathematized Filaret.

Under Metropolitan Volodymyr, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church persisted and retained jurisdictional control of most churches and monasteries in Ukraine, while new schismatic entities were formed. For 26 years it was universally considered the only canonical church of Ukraine.

In 2018, the Ecumenical Patriarchate overrode the previous judgment of the Russian Orthodox Church regarding Filaret and other schismatic leaders and restored them to their hierarchical dignity, while at the same time it annulled the 1686 authorization letter and reclaimed its canonical jurisdiction over Ukraine. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (except for two bishops who were consequently disciplined) refused to participate to the Unification Council convoked by Patriarch Bartholomew on 15 December 2018 and has since denied to accept the Tomos of Autocephaly granted to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine that was formed by the Unification council.

As of 1 January 2018 there were 12,064 congregations under Moscow Patriarchate jurisdiction, 5,855 independent congregations that were in October accepted into Ecumenical Patriarchate, 200 non-canonical Orthodox congregations, and 3,765 Greek Catholic congregations[6]. Still, only 13.3% of the Ukrainian population considered itself a member of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in 2016[7].

Currently, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is in full communion with the Church of Russia, considers the acts of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as illegitimate and treats the Orthodox Church of Ukraine as schismatic.

Episcopate

  • Metropolitan Onufriy of Kyiv and All Ukraine
  • Metropolitan Agafangel of Odessa and Izmail
  • Metropolitan Lazar of Simferopol and Crimea
  • Metropolitan Mark of Khust and Vynohradiv
  • Metropolitan Hilarion of Donetsk and Mariupol
  • Metropolitan Theodore of Kamianets-Podilskyi and Horodok
  • Metropolitan Meletius of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna
  • Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary
  • Metropolitan Plate of Feodosia and Kerch
  • Metropolitan Irinej of Dnepropretrovsk and Pavlograd
  • Metropolitan Ionafan of Tulchyn and Bratslav
  • Metropolitan Serhiy of Ternopil and Kremenets
  • Metropolitan Anthony of Khmelnytsky and Starokonstantinovsky
  • Metropolitan Vissarion of Ovruch and Korosten
  • Metropolitan Pitirim of Mykolayiv and Ochakiv
  • Metropolitan Augustine of Bila Tserkva and Boguslav
  • Metropolitan Anatoliy of Polissya and Sarny
  • Metropolitan Seraphim of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia
  • Metropolitan Ephraim of Kryvyi Rih and Nikopol
  • Metropolitan John of Kherson and Tavria
  • Metropolitan Ambrose of Chernihiv and Novgorod-Siversky
  • Metropolitan Agapit of Mogilev-Podolsky and Shargorod
  • Metropolitan Onufriy of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv
  • Metropolitan Philip of Poltava and Myrhorod
  • Metropolitan Luka of Zaporizhia and Melitopol
  • Metropolitan Oleksiy of Baltic and Ananyiv
  • Metropolitan Mitrofan of Horlivka and Slavonia
  • Metropolitan Elisha of Izyum and Kupyansk
  • Metropolitan Nikodim of Zhytomyr and Novograd-Volyn
  • Metropolitan Volodymy of Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Kovelskyi
  • Metropolitan Panteleimon of Uman and Zvenigorod
  • Metropolitan Evlogiy of Sumy and Okhtyrka
  • Metropolitan Joasaph of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod
  • Metropolitan Theodore of Mukachevo and Uzhgorod
  • Metropolitan Panteleimon of Luhansk and Alchevsk
  • Metropolitan Joseph of Rome and Burina
  • Metropolitan Volodymyr of Kamyansk and Tsarychansky
  • Metropolitan Nikodim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk
  • Metropolitan Filaret of Lviv and Halych
  • Metropolitan Theodosius of Cherkasy and Kaniv
  • Metropolitan Filaret oF Novokakhovka and Henichesk
  • Metropolitan Nicholas of Kremenchug and Lubny
  • Metropolitan Clement of Nizhyn and Pryluky
  • Metropolitan Varsonofy of Vinnytsia and Bar
  • Archbishop Roman of Konotop and Hlukhiv
  • Archbishop Arkady of Rovenkiv and Sverdlovsk
  • Archbishop Ephraim of Berdyansk and Primorsky
  • Archbishop Olkesiy of Voznesen and Pervoma
  • Arcbbishop Bogolep of Alexandria and Svitlovodsk
  • Archbishop Eusebius of Shepetivka and Slavutych
  • Archbishop Nathanael of Volyn and Lutsk
  • Bishop Pimen of Rivne and Ostroh
  • Bishop Oleksiy of Dzhanko and Rozdolen

References

  1. ↑ К 20-летию Благословенной Грамоты Святейшего Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Алексия II о даровании Украинской Православной Церкви самостоятельности в управлении: ″Определение фактически вступило в силу уже 28 октября 1990 года (когда Святейший Патриарх Алексий вручил занимавшему тогда Киевскую кафедру митрополиту Филарету соответствующую Грамоту)″
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Filaret: A Statehood-oriented Patriarch
  3. ↑ After autocephaly, (26 October 2018)
  4. ↑ The Ecumenical Patriarchate unveiled documents in support of Ukrainian autocephaly, (14 September 2018)
  5. ↑ [To the anniversary of Kharkov Council, or a few words about how M.A. Denisenko was "expelled" from Church]
  6. ↑ Religious Organizations in Ukraine as of 1 January, 2018 (in ukrainian)
  7. ↑ [Religious Self-Identification and Prayer in Ukraine]

See also

External links


Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy
Autocephalous Churches
Four Ancient Patriarchates: Constantinople · Alexandria · Antioch · Jerusalem
Russia · Serbia · Romania · Bulgaria · Georgia · Cyprus · Greece · Poland · Albania · Czech Lands and Slovakia · OCA* · Ukraine*
Autonomous Churches
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The * designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
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