Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in America"

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{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
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The '''History of Orthodoxy in America''' is complex and resists any easy categorizations or explanations.
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==Early Visits and Missions (530-1900)==
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*530 St. [[Brendan the Voyager|Brendan the Navigator]] lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks.
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*1741 [[Divine Liturgy]] celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska.
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*1767 Community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself in New Smyrna, Florida.
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*1794 Missionaries, including [[Herman of Alaska]], arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska.
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*1796 Martyrdom of [[Juvenaly of Alaska]].
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*1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov) [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in Irkutsk as first [[bishop]] for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return.
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*1816 Martyrdom of [[Peter the Aleut]] near San Francisco.
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*1817 Russian colony of Fort Ross established 60 miles from San Francisco.
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*1824 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] comes to Unalaska, Alaska.
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*1825 First native priest, [[Jacob Netsvetov]].
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*1834 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut.
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*1836 Imperial ''[[ukaz]]'' regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia.
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*1837 Death of [[Herman of Alaska]] on Spruce Island.
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*1840 Consecration of Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] as [[bishop]] with the name Innocent.
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*1841 Return of [[Innocent of Alaska]] to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka.
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*1844 Formation of [[seminary]] in Sitka.
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*1848 [[Consecration]] of St. Michael Cathedral in Sitka.
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*1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia.
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*1858 [[Peter (Sysakoff) of Sitka|Peter (Sysakoff)]] consecrated as [[auxiliary bishop]] for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk.
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*1864 Holy Trinity Church, first Orthodox [[parish]] established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks.
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*1867 Alaska purchased by United States from Russia; Bp. [[Paul (Popov) of Novoarkhangelsk|Paul (Popov)]] succeeds Bp. Peter.
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*1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; [[Innocent of Alaska]] becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
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*1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by the [[Church of Russia]] with Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] as ruling hierarch.
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*1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the [[canonical territory|defined boundaries]] of the diocese (i.e., Alaska).
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*1876 Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] recalled to Russia.
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*1879 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] succeeds [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Metropolsky)]].
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*1882 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] drowns in Bering Sea.
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*1888 Bp. [[Vladimir (Sokolovsky-Avtonomov) of the Aleutians|Vladimir (Sokolovsky)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
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*1890-1914 Greek Immigration to USA: widespread unemployment and economic problems led to migrations to the US of 350,000 Greeks, one-fifth of the total population.
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*1891 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]], a [[Uniate]] priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post; [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese.
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*1892 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]] and his parish in Minneapolis received into Russian church; Carpatho-Russian [[Uniate]] parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several in Pennsylvania soon follow; first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California; Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish founded in New York; first American-born person ordained, Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]]; Archim. [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] arrives in America.
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*1895 First Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
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*1896 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] reports to the [[Church of Russia#The Synodical Church (1700-1917)|Holy Synod of Russia]] that "the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian backgound"; [[Alexander Hotovitsky]] appointed as [[rector]] in New York.
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*1898 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] returns to Russia; [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
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==Beyond Alaska (1900-1918)==
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*1900 Name of Russian mission diocese changed from ''the Aleutian Islands and Alaska'' to ''the Aleutian Islands and North America'', thus claiming an expansion its [[canonical territory|territorial boundaries]].
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*1901 First Orthodox church in Canada, in Vostok, Alberta.
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*1902 Building of St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York.
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*1904 [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn, becoming the first Orthodox bishop to be consecrated in America; [[Innocent (Pustinsky) of Sitka|Innocent (Pustinsky)]] consecrated as Bishop of Alaska; first Romanian parish founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
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*1905 [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Bp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] raised to rank of archbishop; seminary opened in Minneapolis; Russian see transferred to New York; Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]] elevated to [[archimandrite]] and given charge over Serbian parishes by Tikhon.
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*1906 Holy Synod of Russia confirms practice of commemorating the American president by name, and not the Russian Tsar, during divine services; blessing of [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery]] by hierarchs Tikhon, Raphael and Innocent; translation of ''Service Book'' by [[Isabel Hapgood]].
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*1907 [[All-American_Sobor#First_All-American_Sobor|1st All-American Sobor]] held in Mayfield, PA, at which name of the Russian mission was declared to be ''The Russian Orthodox Greek-Catholic Church in North America under the Hierarchy of the Russian Church''; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] returns to Russia and is succeeded by [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; Uniate Bp. Stephen Ortinsky sent to the US by Rome to stem the tide of Uniate returns to Orthodoxy; Papal decree ''Ea Semper'' issued, mandating all Uniate priests in American be celibate; first [[Sunday of Orthodoxy]] service in New York; first Bulgarian parish in Madison, Illinois.
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*1908 [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] gives temporary care of American Greek parishes to [[Church of Greece|Greece]]; first Albanian parish in Boston.
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*1909 Bp. [[Innocent (Pustinsky) of Sitka|Innocent (Pustinsky)]] transferred to Russia, succeeded by [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] as Bishop of Alaska; death of Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]].
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*1911 Minneapolis seminary transferred to Tenafly, New Jersey.
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*1913 Serbian clergy come under [[Church of Serbia]].
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*1914 Abp. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] recalled to Russia and made bishop of Kishinev, after having received 72 communities (mainly ex-Uniate Carpatho-Russians) into Orthodoxy during his rule; [[Church of Antioch|Antiochian]] Metr. [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle]] comes to US to organize parishes without approval of his synod.
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*1915 Death of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Abp. [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the Aleutians|Evdokim (Meschersky)]] succeeds Platon; first [[monastery]] for women in Springfield, Vermont.
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*1916 Consecration of [[Philip (Stavitsky) of Sitka]]; [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] appointed Bishop of Canada with his see in Winnipeg; organization of [[Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America]] by [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] with founding of St. Mary's Cathedral in Brooklyn, New York.
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*1917 Ex-Uniate priest [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Alexander Dzubay]] consecrated with the name ''Stephen'' as Bishop of Pittsburgh; Archim. [[Aftimios Ofiesh|Aftimios (Ofiesh)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia at the [[All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918|All Russian Sobor of 1917-1918]].
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==Revolution and Rivalry (1918-1943)==
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*1918 Bolshevik Revolution throws the [[Church of Russia]] into chaos, effectively stranding the fledgling Russian mission in America; [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] rescinds temporary transfer of Greek parishes in US to [[Church of Greece|Greece]].
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*1919 Southern Church Council meets in Stavropol at which Higher Church Administration is formed in Southern Russia; 2nd [[All-American Sobor]] meets in Cleveland, electing bishops for Romanians and Albanians, pending approval from Moscow (which never comes); [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] receives Ukrainians in Canada.
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*1920 [[Tikhon of Moscow]] issues [[Ukaz No. 362]]; first session of the Higher Church Administration outside borders of Russia.
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*1921 34 [[ROCOR]] bishops meet in synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky]], primate of the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]].
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*1922 [[Church of Greece]] transfers control of its parishes to the [[Church of Constantinople]]; founding of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]; [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] convenes [[All-American_Sobor#Third_All-American_Sobor|3rd All-American Sobor]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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*1924 4th [[All-American Sobor]] of the [[OCA|Metropolia]] votes to establish "temporary self-government," breaking administrative ties with Moscow; [[Victor (Abo-Assaley) of New York|Victor (Abo-Assaley)]] consecrated as first Antiochian Archbishop of New York and All North America; [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Stephen (Dzubay)]] returns to [[Unia]]; Ukrainians in Canada join [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]].
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*1926 Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] of the Metropolia breaks ties with [[ROCOR]] synod.
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*1927 ROCOR synod sends epistle to American parishes [[suspension|suspending]] Platon and his [[clergy]]; founding of [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]] by the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] under [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; founding of [[Federated Russian Orthodox Clubs]] (FROC) in Pittsburgh; consecration of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]].
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*1928 Ukrainian diocese established; consecration of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]].
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*1929 [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] established.
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*1930 [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]] leaves [[American Orthodox Catholic Church|AOCC]] and returns to [[OCA|Metropolia]], re-establishing Brooklyn diocese.
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*1931 [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou)]] becomes primate of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]].
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*1932 Consecration of [[Joseph (Zuk) of New Jersey|Joseph (Zuk)]] and [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first American convert bishop).
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*1933 [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] refuses to pledge loyalty to Moscow, which declares Metropolia to be in [[schism]] and establishes [[Russian Exarchate of North America|Exarchate of Moscow on American soil]]; marriage of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; death of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]]; Platon grants [[canonical release]] to Syrian parishes remaining under Metropolia to come under [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]]; [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] returns to Lebanon; consecration of [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]]; marriage and [[apostasy]] of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first with [[Living Church]] and then independently).
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*1934 Death of [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]] elected primate of [[OCA|Metropolia]] at [[All-American_Sobor#Fifth_All-American_Sobor|5th All-American Sobor]] in Cleveland, Ohio; death of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]]; death of [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] in Lebanon.
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*1935 "Temporary Regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad" signed by [[ROCOR]] synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus (Pashkovsky)]] of the Metropolia, thus renewing relations; [[ROCOR]] divided into four regions, including North America with Theophilus as the regional primate.
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*1936 [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]] consecrated for [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of New York]]; on the same day ([[April 19]]), three Metropolia bishops consecrate rival [[Samuel (David) of Toledo|Samuel (David)]] for the Syrians, thus solidifying the developing [[schism]] in the Antiochian faithful in the US (the "Russi-Antaaki" split).
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*1937 [[All-American_Sobor#Sixth_All-American_Sobor|6th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]] declares itself to report to [[ROCOR]] in matters of faith; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Theological School]] founded in Pomfret, Connecticut; Ukrainian diocese established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]].
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*1938 [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]] and [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Metr. [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] excommunicated by the [[Church of Antioch]] for disobedience to canonical order; Bulgarian diocese established; [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese|Carpatho-Russian diocese]] established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] with second wave of Uniat returns to Orthodoxy.
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*1939 Consecration of [[Alexander Turner]] by [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
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*1941 [[Church of Antioch]] restores [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] to communion and declares his diocese to be the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Toledo and Dependencies]].
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==Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943-1970)==
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*1943 Founding of [[Federated Orthodox Greek Catholic Primary Jurisdictions in America]], a proto-[[SCOBA]] body.
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*1946 [[All-American_Sobor#Seventh_All-American_Sobor|7th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Russian Metropolia]] breaks ties with [[ROCOR]]; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] moved to Brookline, Massachusetts.
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*1947 Death of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
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*1950 [[ROCOR]] moves headquarters to New York; [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevitch)]] becomes primate of Metropolia at [[All-American_Sobor#Eighth_All-American_Sobor|8th All-American Sobor]] in New York City.
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*1951 [[Michael (Konstantinides) of America|Michael (Konstantinides)]] heads [[GOA]]; independent Romanian diocese established; arrival of Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] in the United States from Paris, taking up teaching duties at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]].
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*1954 Recognition of Toledo archdiocese by [[Church of Antioch]].
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*1955 Founding of [[Council of Eastern Orthodox Churches of Central Massachusetts]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Ninth_All-American_Sobor|9th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
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*1958 Death of [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]]; reception of [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] into Antiochian New York Archdiocese, forming [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]].
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*1959 [[All-American_Sobor#Tenth_All-American_Sobor|10th All-American Sobor]] of the Metropolia was held in New York City.
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*1960 Founding of [[Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas]] (SCOBA); [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] received into the Metropolia.
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*1961 Consecration of [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]].
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*1962 Antiochian Toledo archdiocese recognized by the [[Church of Antioch]] as equal to the New York archdiocese.
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*1963 Autonomous Serbian diocese created; [[All-American_Sobor#Eleventh_All-America_Sobor|11nth All-American Sobor]] held in New York City; beginning of [[rapprochement]] between Metropolia and Moscow Patiarchate; arguing that the Metropolia's 1924 declaration of "temporary self-government" amounted to a canonical declaration of [[autocephaly]], ''Toward an American Orthodox Church'' published by St. Vladimir's professor Alexander Bogolepov, galvanizing the Metropolia to seek autocephaly.
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*1964 [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] established under the [[ROCOR]].
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*1965 [[SCOBA]] appeals to mother churches to allow concrete steps to be taken toward American Orthodox unity; at [[All-American_Sobor#Twelfth_All-American_Sobor|12th All-American Sobor]], [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]] chosen to succeed [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]] as [[primate]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]].
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*1966 Death of Metr. [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]]; election and consecration of [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]] as Metropolitan of [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Syrian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of New York]]; founding of [[Hellenic College (Brookline, Massachusetts)]]; death of [[John Maximovitch]]; death of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] travels to Constantinople to intercede for Metropolia but is rebuffed; first founding of [[OISM]].
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*1967 Consecration of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor) of Sitka]]; [[Church of Constantinople]] orders [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]] to suspend communion with [[OCA|Metropolia]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Thirteenth_All-American_Sobor|13th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
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*1968 Meeting between Metropolia representatives and Moscow Patriarchate in Upsala, Sweden, discussing [[autocephaly]] for the Metropolia; Synod of Bishops of Metropolia decides to start official exploratory negotiations with MP.
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*1969 Consecration of [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]] (seen by many to be first convert bishop); official autocephaly meetings of Metropolia with Moscow Patriarchate take place on New York City, Tokyo and Geneva.
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==Union and Division (1970-1994)==
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*1970 Russian Metropolia reconciles with the [[Church of Russia]] and is granted [[autocephaly]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Fourteenth_All-American_Sobor|14th All-American Sobor]]/[[All-American_Council#First_All-American_Council|1st All-American Council]] accepts autocephaly [[Tomos]] and approves new name of [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA); [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] ceases all official contact with the [[OCA]] and declares it uncanonical; [[Russian Exarchate of North America]] is dissolved, but the majority of its parishes remain under the Church of Russia; [[glorification]] of [[Herman of Alaska]] in separate services by the [[ROCOR]] and the [[OCA]].
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*1971 [[ROCOR]] denounces [[Church of Russia|Moscow]]'s grant of [[autocephaly]] to the Metropolia; OCA receives rebel ROCOR [[parish]] in Australia; [[Albanian Archdiocese (OCA)|Albanian Archdiocese]] received into the OCA at [[All-American_Council#Second_All-American_Council|2nd All-American Council]] held at St. Tikhon's Monastery, South Canaan, PA.
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*1972 [[OCA]] receives the Mexican National Catholic Church, creating its [[Exarchate of Mexico (OCA)|Exarchate of Mexico]].
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*1973 The [[All-American_Council#Third_All-American_Council|3rd All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, PA.
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*1974 [[All-Diaspora_Councils#III_All-Diaspora_Council|3rd All-Diaspora Council]] of ROCOR held in Jordanville, New York; [[OCA]] Metr. [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York]] goes into semi-retirement, while his duties are taken up by Abp. [[Sylvester (Haruns) of Montreal]].
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*1975 "Russi-Antaaki" division in the Antiochian church in North America overcome by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York]] and Metr. [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]] by union of two Syrian archdioceses into one [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], led by Metr. Philip; [[All-American_Council#Fourth_All-American_Council|4th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Cleveland, Ohio.
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*1976 Reception into [[OCA]] of [[ROCOR]]'s [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] and its hierarch, Bishop [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev)]].
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*1977 [[OCA]] holds its [[All-American_Council#Fifth_All-American_Council|5th All-American Council]] in Montreal, electing [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] as metropolitan, replacing the retiring [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]]; [[glorification]] in Russia of [[Innocent of Alaska]].
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*1978 Founding of [[Antiochian Village]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]].
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*1980 The [[All-American_Council#Sixth_All-American_Council|6th All-American Council]] of  OCA held in Detroit, Michigan.
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*1981 [[OCA]] [[primate|primatial]] see transferred from New York to Washington.
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*1982 Calendar [[schism]] in [[Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania (OCA)|OCA Diocese of E. Pennsylvania]], [[ROCOR]] receiving multiple parishes in the area.
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*1983 [[All-American_Council#Seventh_All-American_Council|7th All-American Council]] of OCA was held Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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*1985 Founding of [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]] (OCMC) as Greek Archdiocesan Mission Center.
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*1986 [[All-American_Council#Eighth_All-American_Council|8th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Washington, D.C.
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*1987 Majority of [[parish]]es of the [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]] received into [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]], becoming the Antiochian Evangelical Orthodox Mission (AEOM).
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*1988 Healing of schism between two Serbian dioceses.
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*1989 [[Glorification]] in Russia of [[Tikhon of Moscow]]; [[Ephraim of Philotheou|Elder Ephraim]] begins founding [[Mount Athos|Athonite]]-style monasteries in North America; [[All-American_Council#Ninth_All-American_Council|9th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Saint Louis, Missouri. 
 +
*1990 Contact between [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] and [[OCA]] resumes.
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*1992 Founding of [[International Orthodox Christian Charities]] (IOCC); [[All-American_Council#Tenth_All-American_Council|10th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Miami, Florida.
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 +
==Ligonier and Beyond (1994-present)==
 +
*1994 [[Ligonier Meeting]] in Western Pennsylvania at [[Antiochian Village]] held by the majority of Orthodox hierarchs in North America votes to do away with notion of Orthodox Christians in America being a "[[diaspora]]" and pledges to work together in missions; [[glorification]] of [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] by OCA; [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]] becomes [[SCOBA]] agency and changes to its current name; glorification in Russia of [[John Kochurov]] and [[Alexander Hotovitsky]]; glorification by [[ROCOR]] of [[John Maximovitch]].
 +
*1995 Death of Bp. [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]]; [[All-American_Council#Eleventh_All-American_Council|11th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Chicago, Illinois.
 +
*1996 Allegedly forced retirement of Greek Archbishop [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America]], being replaced by [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]]; [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America]] joins [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]], coming under [[Constantinople]].
 +
*1997 Visit by [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople]] to US.
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*1998 Ben Lomond crisis in (formerly [[Evangelical Orthodox Church|EOC]]) [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian]] parish of Ss. Peter and Paul (Ben Lomond, California) gains national attention; multiple [[clergy]] are [[deposition|deposed]] and/or [[excommunication|excommunicated]].
 +
*1999 Retirement of [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]], Greek Archbishop of America, being replaced by [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios (Trakatellis)]]; reception of dissident group from Ben Lomond crisis by the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in North and South America|Jerusalem Patriarchate]], including re-ordination of some of the excommunicated and/or deposed clergy; [[All-American_Council#Twelfth_All-American_Council|12th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 +
*2000 [[Glorification]] of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] by the [[OCA]] jointly with Antiochian hierarchs.
 +
*2001 Second meeting of most bishops associated with [[SCOBA]].
 +
*2002 Retirement of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] and election of [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko)]] as Metropolitan of the [[OCA]] at [[All-American_Council#Thirteenth_All-American_Council|13th All-American Council]] held in Orlando, Florida.
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*2003 [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]] is granted "self-rule" (similar but not identical to [[autonomy]]) by the [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], establishing 9 new [[diocese]]s in North America and promoting its [[titular bishop]]s to diocesan ones; after years of inactivity, refounding of [[OISM]].
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*2004 Consecration in Damascus of 3 new diocesan bishops for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]], [[Thomas (Joseph) of Charleston and Oakland]], [[Mark (Maymon) of Toledo]], and [[Alexander (Mufarrij) of Ottawa]].
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*2005 Death of Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]]; consecration of [[Alejo (Pacheco-Vera) of Mexico City]], [[auxiliary bishop]] of the [[OCA]] Exarchate of Mexico; OCA's New York [[diocese]] subsumed into its Diocese of Washington, creating [[Diocese of Washington and New York (OCA)|Diocese of Washington and New York]] at [[All-American_Council#Fourteenth_All-American_Council|14th All-American Council]] held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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*2006 [[Fourth All-Diaspora Council]] of the [[ROCOR]] votes to restore [[full communion]] with [[Moscow Patriarchate]]; four priests and one deacon who departed the Antiochian Archdiocese during the Ben Lomond crisis return to Antioch; major financial scandal made public in the [[OCA]]; third meeting of most [[SCOBA]] bishops agrees to work together on canonical and pastoral questions.
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*2007 [[OISM]] holds first meeting at a [[ROCOR]] seminary, [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary]]; restoration of [[full communion]] between [[ROCOR]] and [[Moscow Patriarchate]] with incorporation of the ROCOR as a semi-autonomous entity of the patriarchate.
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[[Category:Church History]]
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[[Category:Timelines|America]]

Revision as of 12:31, June 10, 2008

This article forms part of the series
Orthodoxy in America
Orthodox us.gif
History
American Orthodox Timeline
American Orthodox Bibliography
Byzantines on OCA autocephaly
Ligonier Meeting
ROCOR and OCA
People
Saints - Bishops - Writers
Jurisdictions
Antiochian - Bulgarian
OCA - Romanian - Moscow
ROCOR - Serbian

Ecumenical Patriarchate:
Albanian - Carpatho-Russian
Greek - Ukrainian
Palestinian/Jordanian

Monasteries
Seminaries
Christ the Saviour
Holy Cross
Holy Trinity
St. Herman's 		St. Tikhon's
St. Sava's
St. Sophia's
St. Vladimir's
Organizations
Assembly of Bishops
AOI - EOCS - IOCC - OCEC
OCF - OCL - OCMC - OCPM - OCLife
OISM - OTSA - SCOBA - SOCHA
Groups
Amer. Orthodox Catholic Church
Brotherhood of St. Moses the Black
Evangelical Orthodox Church
Holy Order of MANS/CSB
Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil
Edit this box

The History of Orthodoxy in America is complex and resists any easy categorizations or explanations.

Early Visits and Missions (530-1900)

  • 530 St. Brendan the Navigator lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks.
  • 1741 Divine Liturgy celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska.
  • 1767 Community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself in New Smyrna, Florida.
  • 1794 Missionaries, including Herman of Alaska, arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska.
  • 1796 Martyrdom of Juvenaly of Alaska.
  • 1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov) consecrated in Irkutsk as first bishop for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return.
  • 1816 Martyrdom of Peter the Aleut near San Francisco.
  • 1817 Russian colony of Fort Ross established 60 miles from San Francisco.
  • 1824 Fr. John Veniaminov comes to Unalaska, Alaska.
  • 1825 First native priest, Jacob Netsvetov.
  • 1834 Fr. John Veniaminov moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut.
  • 1836 Imperial ukaz regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia.
  • 1837 Death of Herman of Alaska on Spruce Island.
  • 1840 Consecration of Fr. John Veniaminov as bishop with the name Innocent.
  • 1841 Return of Innocent of Alaska to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka.
  • 1844 Formation of seminary in Sitka.
  • 1848 Consecration of St. Michael Cathedral in Sitka.
  • 1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia.
  • 1858 Peter (Sysakoff) consecrated as auxiliary bishop for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk.
  • 1864 Holy Trinity Church, first Orthodox parish established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks.
  • 1867 Alaska purchased by United States from Russia; Bp. Paul (Popov) succeeds Bp. Peter.
  • 1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; Innocent of Alaska becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
  • 1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by the Church of Russia with Bp. John (Mitropolsky) as ruling hierarch.
  • 1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the defined boundaries of the diocese (i.e., Alaska).
  • 1876 Bp. John (Mitropolsky) recalled to Russia.
  • 1879 Bp. Nestor (Zass) succeeds John (Metropolsky).
  • 1882 Bp. Nestor (Zass) drowns in Bering Sea.
  • 1888 Bp. Vladimir (Sokolovsky) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
  • 1890-1914 Greek Immigration to USA: widespread unemployment and economic problems led to migrations to the US of 350,000 Greeks, one-fifth of the total population.
  • 1891 Fr. Alexis Toth, a Uniate priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post; Nicholas (Ziorov) becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese.
  • 1892 Fr. Alexis Toth and his parish in Minneapolis received into Russian church; Carpatho-Russian Uniate parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several in Pennsylvania soon follow; first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California; Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish founded in New York; first American-born person ordained, Fr. Sebastian Dabovich; Archim. Raphael (Hawaweeny) arrives in America.
  • 1895 First Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by Raphael of Brooklyn; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
  • 1896 Bp. Nicholas (Ziorov) reports to the Holy Synod of Russia that "the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian backgound"; Alexander Hotovitsky appointed as rector in New York.
  • 1898 Bp. Nicholas (Ziorov) returns to Russia; Tikhon (Belavin) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.

Beyond Alaska (1900-1918)

Revolution and Rivalry (1918-1943)

Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943-1970)

Union and Division (1970-1994)

Ligonier and Beyond (1994-present)

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