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| − | {{orthodoxyinamerica}}
| + | LOL INTERNET |
| − | The '''History of Orthodoxy in America''' is complex and resists any easy categorizations or explanations.
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| − | ==Early Visits and Missions (530-1900)==
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| − | *530 St. [[Brendan the Voyager|Brendan the Navigator]] lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks.
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| − | *1741 [[Divine Liturgy]] celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska.
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| − | *1767 Community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself in New Smyrna, Florida.
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| − | *1794 Missionaries, including [[Herman of Alaska]], arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska.
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| − | *1796 Martyrdom of [[Juvenaly of Alaska]].
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| − | *1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov) [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in Irkutsk as first [[bishop]] for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return.
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| − | *1816 Martyrdom of [[Peter the Aleut]] near San Francisco.
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| − | *1817 Russian colony of Fort Ross established 60 miles from San Francisco.
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| − | *1824 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] comes to Unalaska, Alaska.
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| − | *1825 First native priest, [[Jacob Netsvetov]].
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| − | *1834 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut.
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| − | *1836 Imperial ''[[ukaz]]'' regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia.
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| − | *1837 Death of [[Herman of Alaska]] on Spruce Island.
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| − | *1840 Consecration of Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] as [[bishop]] with the name Innocent.
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| − | *1841 Return of [[Innocent of Alaska]] to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka.
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| − | *1844 Formation of [[seminary]] in Sitka.
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| − | *1848 [[Consecration]] of St. Michael Cathedral in Sitka.
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| − | *1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia.
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| − | *1858 [[Peter (Sysakoff) of Sitka|Peter (Sysakoff)]] consecrated as [[auxiliary bishop]] for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk.
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| − | *1864 Holy Trinity Church, first Orthodox [[parish]] established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks.
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| − | *1867 Alaska purchased by United States from Russia; Bp. [[Paul (Popov) of Novoarkhangelsk|Paul (Popov)]] succeeds Bp. Peter.
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| − | *1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; [[Innocent of Alaska]] becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
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| − | *1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by the [[Church of Russia]] with Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] as ruling hierarch.
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| − | *1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the [[canonical territory|defined boundaries]] of the diocese (i.e., Alaska).
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| − | *1876 Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] recalled to Russia.
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| − | *1879 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] succeeds [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Metropolsky)]].
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| − | *1882 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] drowns in Bering Sea.
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| − | *1888 Bp. [[Vladimir (Sokolovsky-Avtonomov) of the Aleutians|Vladimir (Sokolovsky)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
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| − | *1890-1914 Greek Immigration to USA: widespread unemployment and economic problems led to migrations to the US of 350,000 Greeks, one-fifth of the total population.
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| − | *1891 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]], a [[Uniate]] priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post; [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese.
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| − | *1892 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]] and his parish in Minneapolis received into Russian church; Carpatho-Russian [[Uniate]] parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several in Pennsylvania soon follow; first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California; Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish founded in New York; first American-born person ordained, Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]]; Archim. [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] arrives in America.
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| − | *1895 First Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
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| − | *1896 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] reports to the [[Church of Russia#The Synodical Church (1700-1917)|Holy Synod of Russia]] that "the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian backgound"; [[Alexander Hotovitsky]] appointed as [[rector]] in New York.
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| − | *1898 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] returns to Russia; [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
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| − | ==Beyond Alaska (1900-1918)==
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| − | *1900 Name of Russian mission diocese changed from ''the Aleutian Islands and Alaska'' to ''the Aleutian Islands and North America'', thus claiming an expansion its [[canonical territory|territorial boundaries]].
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| − | *1901 First Orthodox church in Canada, in Vostok, Alberta.
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| − | *1902 Building of St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York.
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| − | *1904 [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn, becoming the first Orthodox bishop to be consecrated in America; [[Innocent (Pustinsky) of Sitka|Innocent (Pustinsky)]] consecrated as Bishop of Alaska; first Romanian parish founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
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| − | *1905 [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Bp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] raised to rank of archbishop; seminary opened in Minneapolis; Russian see transferred to New York; Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]] elevated to [[archimandrite]] and given charge over Serbian parishes by Tikhon.
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| − | *1906 Holy Synod of Russia confirms practice of commemorating the American president by name, and not the Russian Tsar, during divine services; blessing of [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery]] by hierarchs Tikhon, Raphael and Innocent; translation of ''Service Book'' by [[Isabel Hapgood]].
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| − | *1907 [[All-American_Sobor#First_All-American_Sobor|1st All-American Sobor]] held in Mayfield, PA, at which name of the Russian mission was declared to be ''The Russian Orthodox Greek-Catholic Church in North America under the Hierarchy of the Russian Church''; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] returns to Russia and is succeeded by [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; Uniate Bp. Stephen Ortinsky sent to the US by Rome to stem the tide of Uniate returns to Orthodoxy; Papal decree ''Ea Semper'' issued, mandating all Uniate priests in American be celibate; first [[Sunday of Orthodoxy]] service in New York; first Bulgarian parish in Madison, Illinois.
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| − | *1908 [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] gives temporary care of American Greek parishes to [[Church of Greece|Greece]]; first Albanian parish in Boston.
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| − | *1909 Bp. [[Innocent (Pustinsky) of Sitka|Innocent (Pustinsky)]] transferred to Russia, succeeded by [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] as Bishop of Alaska; death of Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]].
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| − | *1911 Minneapolis seminary transferred to Tenafly, New Jersey.
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| − | *1913 Serbian clergy come under [[Church of Serbia]].
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| − | *1914 Abp. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] recalled to Russia and made bishop of Kishinev, after having received 72 communities (mainly ex-Uniate Carpatho-Russians) into Orthodoxy during his rule; [[Church of Antioch|Antiochian]] Metr. [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle]] comes to US to organize parishes without approval of his synod.
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| − | *1915 Death of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Abp. [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the Aleutians|Evdokim (Meschersky)]] succeeds Platon; first [[monastery]] for women in Springfield, Vermont.
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| − | *1916 Consecration of [[Philip (Stavitsky) of Sitka]]; [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] appointed Bishop of Canada with his see in Winnipeg; organization of [[Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America]] by [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] with founding of St. Mary's Cathedral in Brooklyn, New York.
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| − | *1917 Ex-Uniate priest [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Alexander Dzubay]] consecrated with the name ''Stephen'' as Bishop of Pittsburgh; Archim. [[Aftimios Ofiesh|Aftimios (Ofiesh)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia at the [[All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918|All Russian Sobor of 1917-1918]].
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| − | ==Revolution and Rivalry (1918-1943)==
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| − | *1918 Bolshevik Revolution throws the [[Church of Russia]] into chaos, effectively stranding the fledgling Russian mission in America; [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] rescinds temporary transfer of Greek parishes in US to [[Church of Greece|Greece]].
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| − | *1919 Southern Church Council meets in Stavropol at which Higher Church Administration is formed in Southern Russia; 2nd [[All-American Sobor]] meets in Cleveland, electing bishops for Romanians and Albanians, pending approval from Moscow (which never comes); [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] receives Ukrainians in Canada.
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| − | *1920 [[Tikhon of Moscow]] issues [[Ukaz No. 362]]; first session of the Higher Church Administration outside borders of Russia.
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| − | *1921 34 [[ROCOR]] bishops meet in synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky]], primate of the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]].
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| − | *1922 [[Church of Greece]] transfers control of its parishes to the [[Church of Constantinople]]; founding of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]; [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] convenes [[All-American_Sobor#Third_All-American_Sobor|3rd All-American Sobor]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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| − | *1924 4th [[All-American Sobor]] of the [[OCA|Metropolia]] votes to establish "temporary self-government," breaking administrative ties with Moscow; [[Victor (Abo-Assaley) of New York|Victor (Abo-Assaley)]] consecrated as first Antiochian Archbishop of New York and All North America; [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Stephen (Dzubay)]] returns to [[Unia]]; Ukrainians in Canada join [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]].
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| − | *1926 Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] of the Metropolia breaks ties with [[ROCOR]] synod.
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| − | *1927 ROCOR synod sends epistle to American parishes [[suspension|suspending]] Platon and his [[clergy]]; founding of [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]] by the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] under [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; founding of [[Federated Russian Orthodox Clubs]] (FROC) in Pittsburgh; consecration of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]].
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| − | *1928 Ukrainian diocese established; consecration of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]].
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| − | *1929 [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] established.
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| − | *1930 [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]] leaves [[American Orthodox Catholic Church|AOCC]] and returns to [[OCA|Metropolia]], re-establishing Brooklyn diocese.
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| − | *1931 [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou)]] becomes primate of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]].
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| − | *1932 Consecration of [[Joseph (Zuk) of New Jersey|Joseph (Zuk)]] and [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first American convert bishop).
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| − | *1933 [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] refuses to pledge loyalty to Moscow, which declares Metropolia to be in [[schism]] and establishes [[Russian Exarchate of North America|Exarchate of Moscow on American soil]]; marriage of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; death of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]]; Platon grants [[canonical release]] to Syrian parishes remaining under Metropolia to come under [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]]; [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] returns to Lebanon; consecration of [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]]; marriage and [[apostasy]] of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first with [[Living Church]] and then independently).
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| − | *1934 Death of [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]] elected primate of [[OCA|Metropolia]] at [[All-American_Sobor#Fifth_All-American_Sobor|5th All-American Sobor]] in Cleveland, Ohio; death of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]]; death of [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] in Lebanon.
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| − | *1935 "Temporary Regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad" signed by [[ROCOR]] synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus (Pashkovsky)]] of the Metropolia, thus renewing relations; [[ROCOR]] divided into four regions, including North America with Theophilus as the regional primate.
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| − | *1936 [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]] consecrated for [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of New York]]; on the same day ([[April 19]]), three Metropolia bishops consecrate rival [[Samuel (David) of Toledo|Samuel (David)]] for the Syrians, thus solidifying the developing [[schism]] in the Antiochian faithful in the US (the "Russi-Antaaki" split).
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| − | *1937 [[All-American_Sobor#Sixth_All-American_Sobor|6th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]] declares itself to report to [[ROCOR]] in matters of faith; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Theological School]] founded in Pomfret, Connecticut; Ukrainian diocese established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]].
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| − | *1938 [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]] and [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Metr. [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] excommunicated by the [[Church of Antioch]] for disobedience to canonical order; Bulgarian diocese established; [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese|Carpatho-Russian diocese]] established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] with second wave of Uniat returns to Orthodoxy.
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| − | *1939 Consecration of [[Alexander Turner]] by [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
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| − | *1941 [[Church of Antioch]] restores [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] to communion and declares his diocese to be the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Toledo and Dependencies]].
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| − | ==Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943-1970)==
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| − | *1943 Founding of [[Federated Orthodox Greek Catholic Primary Jurisdictions in America]], a proto-[[SCOBA]] body.
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| − | *1946 [[All-American_Sobor#Seventh_All-American_Sobor|7th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Russian Metropolia]] breaks ties with [[ROCOR]]; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] moved to Brookline, Massachusetts.
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| − | *1947 Death of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
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| − | *1950 [[ROCOR]] moves headquarters to New York; [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevitch)]] becomes primate of Metropolia at [[All-American_Sobor#Eighth_All-American_Sobor|8th All-American Sobor]] in New York City.
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| − | *1951 [[Michael (Konstantinides) of America|Michael (Konstantinides)]] heads [[GOA]]; independent Romanian diocese established; arrival of Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] in the United States from Paris, taking up teaching duties at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]].
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| − | *1954 Recognition of Toledo archdiocese by [[Church of Antioch]].
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| − | *1955 Founding of [[Council of Eastern Orthodox Churches of Central Massachusetts]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Ninth_All-American_Sobor|9th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
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| − | *1958 Death of [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]]; reception of [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] into Antiochian New York Archdiocese, forming [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]].
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| − | *1959 [[All-American_Sobor#Tenth_All-American_Sobor|10th All-American Sobor]] of the Metropolia was held in New York City.
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| − | *1960 Founding of [[Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas]] (SCOBA); [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] received into the Metropolia.
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| − | *1961 Consecration of [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]].
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| − | *1962 Antiochian Toledo archdiocese recognized by the [[Church of Antioch]] as equal to the New York archdiocese.
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| − | *1963 Autonomous Serbian diocese created; [[All-American_Sobor#Eleventh_All-America_Sobor|11nth All-American Sobor]] held in New York City; beginning of [[rapprochement]] between Metropolia and Moscow Patiarchate; arguing that the Metropolia's 1924 declaration of "temporary self-government" amounted to a canonical declaration of [[autocephaly]], ''Toward an American Orthodox Church'' published by St. Vladimir's professor Alexander Bogolepov, galvanizing the Metropolia to seek autocephaly.
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| − | *1964 [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] established under the [[ROCOR]].
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| − | *1965 [[SCOBA]] appeals to mother churches to allow concrete steps to be taken toward American Orthodox unity; at [[All-American_Sobor#Twelfth_All-American_Sobor|12th All-American Sobor]], [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]] chosen to succeed [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]] as [[primate]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]].
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| − | *1966 Death of Metr. [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]]; election and consecration of [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]] as Metropolitan of [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Syrian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of New York]]; founding of [[Hellenic College (Brookline, Massachusetts)]]; death of [[John Maximovitch]]; death of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] travels to Constantinople to intercede for Metropolia but is rebuffed; first founding of [[OISM]].
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| − | *1967 Consecration of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor) of Sitka]]; [[Church of Constantinople]] orders [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]] to suspend communion with [[OCA|Metropolia]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Thirteenth_All-American_Sobor|13th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
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| − | *1968 Meeting between Metropolia representatives and Moscow Patriarchate in Upsala, Sweden, discussing [[autocephaly]] for the Metropolia; Synod of Bishops of Metropolia decides to start official exploratory negotiations with MP.
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| − | *1969 Consecration of [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]] (seen by many to be first convert bishop); official autocephaly meetings of Metropolia with Moscow Patriarchate take place on New York City, Tokyo and Geneva.
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| − | ==Union and Division (1970-1994)==
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| − | *1970 Russian Metropolia reconciles with the [[Church of Russia]] and is granted [[autocephaly]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Fourteenth_All-American_Sobor|14th All-American Sobor]]/[[All-American_Council#First_All-American_Council|1st All-American Council]] accepts autocephaly [[Tomos]] and approves new name of [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA); [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] ceases all official contact with the [[OCA]] and declares it uncanonical; [[Russian Exarchate of North America]] is dissolved, but the majority of its parishes remain under the Church of Russia; [[glorification]] of [[Herman of Alaska]] in separate services by the [[ROCOR]] and the [[OCA]].
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| − | *1971 [[ROCOR]] denounces [[Church of Russia|Moscow]]'s grant of [[autocephaly]] to the Metropolia; OCA receives rebel ROCOR [[parish]] in Australia; [[Albanian Archdiocese (OCA)|Albanian Archdiocese]] received into the OCA at [[All-American_Council#Second_All-American_Council|2nd All-American Council]] held at St. Tikhon's Monastery, South Canaan, PA.
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| − | *1972 [[OCA]] receives the Mexican National Catholic Church, creating its [[Exarchate of Mexico (OCA)|Exarchate of Mexico]].
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| − | *1973 The [[All-American_Council#Third_All-American_Council|3rd All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, PA.
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| − | *1974 [[All-Diaspora_Councils#III_All-Diaspora_Council|3rd All-Diaspora Council]] of ROCOR held in Jordanville, New York; [[OCA]] Metr. [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York]] goes into semi-retirement, while his duties are taken up by Abp. [[Sylvester (Haruns) of Montreal]].
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| − | *1975 "Russi-Antaaki" division in the Antiochian church in North America overcome by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York]] and Metr. [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]] by union of two Syrian archdioceses into one [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], led by Metr. Philip; [[All-American_Council#Fourth_All-American_Council|4th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Cleveland, Ohio.
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| − | *1976 Reception into [[OCA]] of [[ROCOR]]'s [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] and its hierarch, Bishop [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev)]].
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| − | *1977 [[OCA]] holds its [[All-American_Council#Fifth_All-American_Council|5th All-American Council]] in Montreal, electing [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] as metropolitan, replacing the retiring [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]]; [[glorification]] in Russia of [[Innocent of Alaska]].
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| − | *1978 Founding of [[Antiochian Village]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]].
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| − | *1980 The [[All-American_Council#Sixth_All-American_Council|6th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Detroit, Michigan.
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| − | *1981 [[OCA]] [[primate|primatial]] see transferred from New York to Washington.
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| − | *1982 Calendar [[schism]] in [[Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania (OCA)|OCA Diocese of E. Pennsylvania]], [[ROCOR]] receiving multiple parishes in the area.
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| − | *1983 [[All-American_Council#Seventh_All-American_Council|7th All-American Council]] of OCA was held Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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| − | *1985 Founding of [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]] (OCMC) as Greek Archdiocesan Mission Center.
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| − | *1986 [[All-American_Council#Eighth_All-American_Council|8th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Washington, D.C.
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| − | *1987 Majority of [[parish]]es of the [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]] received into [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]], becoming the Antiochian Evangelical Orthodox Mission (AEOM).
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| − | *1988 Healing of schism between two Serbian dioceses.
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| − | *1989 [[Glorification]] in Russia of [[Tikhon of Moscow]]; [[Ephraim of Philotheou|Elder Ephraim]] begins founding [[Mount Athos|Athonite]]-style monasteries in North America; [[All-American_Council#Ninth_All-American_Council|9th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Saint Louis, Missouri.
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| − | *1990 Contact between [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] and [[OCA]] resumes.
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| − | *1992 Founding of [[International Orthodox Christian Charities]] (IOCC); [[All-American_Council#Tenth_All-American_Council|10th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Miami, Florida.
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| − | ==Ligonier and Beyond (1994-present)==
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| − | *1994 [[Ligonier Meeting]] in Western Pennsylvania at [[Antiochian Village]] held by the majority of Orthodox hierarchs in North America votes to do away with notion of Orthodox Christians in America being a "[[diaspora]]" and pledges to work together in missions; [[glorification]] of [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] by OCA; [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]] becomes [[SCOBA]] agency and changes to its current name; glorification in Russia of [[John Kochurov]] and [[Alexander Hotovitsky]]; glorification by [[ROCOR]] of [[John Maximovitch]].
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| − | *1995 Death of Bp. [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]]; [[All-American_Council#Eleventh_All-American_Council|11th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Chicago, Illinois.
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| − | *1996 Allegedly forced retirement of Greek Archbishop [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America]], being replaced by [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]]; [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America]] joins [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]], coming under [[Constantinople]].
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| − | *1997 Visit by [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople]] to US.
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| − | *1998 Ben Lomond crisis in (formerly [[Evangelical Orthodox Church|EOC]]) [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian]] parish of Ss. Peter and Paul (Ben Lomond, California) gains national attention; multiple [[clergy]] are [[deposition|deposed]] and/or [[excommunication|excommunicated]].
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| − | *1999 Retirement of [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]], Greek Archbishop of America, being replaced by [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios (Trakatellis)]]; reception of dissident group from Ben Lomond crisis by the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in North and South America|Jerusalem Patriarchate]], including re-ordination of some of the excommunicated and/or deposed clergy; [[All-American_Council#Twelfth_All-American_Council|12th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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| − | *2000 [[Glorification]] of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] by the [[OCA]] jointly with Antiochian hierarchs.
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| − | *2001 Second meeting of most bishops associated with [[SCOBA]].
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| − | *2002 Retirement of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] and election of [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko)]] as Metropolitan of the [[OCA]] at [[All-American_Council#Thirteenth_All-American_Council|13th All-American Council]] held in Orlando, Florida.
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| − | *2003 [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]] is granted "self-rule" (similar but not identical to [[autonomy]]) by the [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], establishing 9 new [[diocese]]s in North America and promoting its [[titular bishop]]s to diocesan ones; after years of inactivity, refounding of [[OISM]].
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| − | *2004 Consecration in Damascus of 3 new diocesan bishops for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]], [[Thomas (Joseph) of Charleston and Oakland]], [[Mark (Maymon) of Toledo]], and [[Alexander (Mufarrij) of Ottawa]].
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| − | *2005 Death of Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]]; consecration of [[Alejo (Pacheco-Vera) of Mexico City]], [[auxiliary bishop]] of the [[OCA]] Exarchate of Mexico; OCA's New York [[diocese]] subsumed into its Diocese of Washington, creating [[Diocese of Washington and New York (OCA)|Diocese of Washington and New York]] at [[All-American_Council#Fourteenth_All-American_Council|14th All-American Council]] held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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| − | *2006 [[Fourth All-Diaspora Council]] of the [[ROCOR]] votes to restore [[full communion]] with [[Moscow Patriarchate]]; four priests and one deacon who departed the Antiochian Archdiocese during the Ben Lomond crisis return to Antioch; major financial scandal made public in the [[OCA]]; third meeting of most [[SCOBA]] bishops agrees to work together on canonical and pastoral questions.
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| − | *2007 [[OISM]] holds first meeting at a [[ROCOR]] seminary, [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary]]; restoration of [[full communion]] between [[ROCOR]] and [[Moscow Patriarchate]] with incorporation of the ROCOR as a semi-autonomous entity of the patriarchate.
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| − | [[Category:Church History]]
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| − | [[Category:Timelines|America]]
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