8,921
edits
Changes
m
→Estrangement and Schism
*966 [[w:Mieszko I of Poland|Mieszko I]], the first historical ruler of Poland, accepts Baptism, after marrying the Christian princess [[w:Dobrawa of Bohemia|Dobrawa]] in 965, who as a Czech, had strong Orthodox connections.<ref group="note">Their palace was in Ostrov Tumski, where the royal couple worshipped in a chapel before Christianity became the official religion. It is the foundations of this chapel, marking the beginning of Christian life in Poland, which archaeologists think that they have now uncovered. Its pre-Romanesque structure shows the Orthodox architectural style of Western Europe before the schism. We should recall that in southern Poland, along the Moravian border which had been ruled by [[Rastislav of Moravia|St Rostislav]], Slav Orthodox missionaries had begun their task of spiritual enlightenment well before Mieszko’s marriage to Dobrawa. This discovery will surely lead the spiritually sensitive in Poland to realise that '''the origins of Poland's Christian faith are in Orthodoxy, and not in late eleventh-century Roman Catholicism. This was imported from Germany, and only developed to any great extent in Poland in the twelfth century.''' (''Orthodox England. [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/poland.htm Orthodox Europe: Poland uncovers its original Orthodoxy].'')</ref>
*1014 First use of ''Filioque'' by Pope of Rome, at coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Henry II.
*1022 At the a Council of Pavia, Pope [[w:Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]] officially reaffirmed the celibacy of the clergy (first documented at the Synod of Elvira in Spain, ca. 306 AD), banning marriages and concubines for priests.<ref>Fr. Alphonse De Valk ([[w:Congregation of St. Basil|C.S.B.]]). ''"Priestly celibacy."'' '''Catholic Insight'''. Apr. 1997, pp.20-24.</ref><ref group="note">Clerical celibacy was officially reaffirmed once again by [[w:Pope Innocent II|Pope Innocent II]] in 1139 at the [[w:Second Council of the Lateran|Second Lateran Council]], and finally at the end of 1563 at the Council of Trent.</ref>
*1054 Excommunication of Ecumenical Patriarch [[Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople|Michael Cerularius]] by Cardinal Humbertus, papal legate, the conventional date point of the [[Great Schism]]. Michael returns the favor by [[excommunication|excommunicating]] the Pope (who had died, rendering his legate's authority null).
*1059 Beginning of the use of the term ''transubstantiation'' in West.
