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*1926 The Benedictine monastery [[w:Chevetogne Abbey|Chevetogne Abbey]] is founded in Belgium, dedicated to Christian unity, being a ‘double rite’ monastery having both Western (Latin rite) and Eastern (Byzantine rite) churches holding services every day; the [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded to promote awareness and friendship in the Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, and praying for the unity of the Churches of East and West; [[w:Pope Pius XI|Pope Pius XI]] decides to attempt the establishment of a provisional hierarchy for the Roman Catholic Church without the knowledge of the Soviet government;<ref group="note">The Pope's plans were set down in the [[w:Papal rescripts|rescript]] ''Plenitudine Potestatis'' and the decree ''Quo aptius'', and involved the establishment of [[w:Apostolic Administrator|Apostolic Administrators]] in metropolitan centres, to replace the diocesan structures that had existed in Tsarist times. (Christopher Lawrence Zugger. ''The Forgotten: Catholics of the Soviet Empire from Lenin Through Stalin.'' Syracuse University Press. 2001. p.229.)</ref> French Jesuit scholar and Roman Catholic bishop [[w:Michel d'Herbigny|Michel d'Herbigny]] receives episcopal ordination in secret and behind closed doors from Eugenio Pacelli (the future [[w:Pope Pius XII|Pope Pius XII]]) in the failed attempt to establish a clandestine hierarchy for the Catholic Church in the Soviet Union during the religious persecutions of the 1920s.

*1929 Papacy and the Kingdom of Italy ratify the [[w:Lateran Treaty|Lateran Treaty]], recognizing sovereignty of Papacy within the new state of the [[w:Vatican City|Vatican City]], bringing to an end the so-called "[[w:Roman Question|Roman Question]]";<ref group="note">The [[w:Politics of Vatican City|Politics of Vatican City]] takes place in a framework of an '''absolute [[w:Theocracy|theocratic]] monarchy''', in which the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the [[Pope]], exercises ex officio supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the '''State of the Vatican City''' (an entity distinct from the '''Holy See'''), a rare case of non-hereditary monarchy. According to the text of the treaty the Holy See characterizes itself as a neutral State, with a declaration of intent to remain outside any territorial competition (''[http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2528/LateranTreaty.pdf Lateran Treaty], Art.24, para.1,2'').</ref> [[w:Collegium Russicum|Russicum]] (Russian College or 'College of St. Therese') founded in Vatican City by Pope Pius XI and run by the [[w:Society of Jesus|Jesuits]]; Papal Bull ''Cum data fuerit'' regulates Uniate clergy in the US, mandating [[celibacy]], resulting in the return of several parishes back to Orthodoxy in 1938.

*1937 [[w:Pope Pius XI|Pope Pius XI]] issued the encyclical ''[[w:Divini Redemptoris|Divini Redemptoris]]'', condemning Communism and the Soviet regime; the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]] led by Patr. [[Varnava (Rosic) of Serbia]] and Bp. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]] fiercely resisted the attempt by the government of Yugoslavian Prime Minister [[w:Milan Stojadinović|Milan Stojadinović]] to implement a [[w:Concordat|Concordat]] with the [[w:Holy See|Vatican]], which would have virtually established the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in Yugoslavia and granted it privileges denied to the Orthodox Church, resulting in the proposal never being ratified.<ref group="note">This treaty would have given enormous priviledges to the Roman Catholic Church which was actually a minority church in Yugoslavia (according to the 1931 census 48.7% of population were Orthodox, while 38% were Roman Catholic). The Serbs felt this to be an attack on the Orthodox Church, and the Church together with virtually all the Serbian people mounted unprecedented resistance to the proposed agreement. In the midst of the crisis Patriarch [[Varnava (Rosic) of Serbia|Varnava (Rosic)]] died. His health had suffered under the strain of the controversy, and it was even rumored that he had been poisoned. The concordat was passed by the parliament on the very day the patriarch died, and was immediately followed by the [[excommunication]] of those Serbian deputies who voted in favor of it. There was also a demonstration organized by the Church and headed by bishops and clergy that set out from the cathedral in Belgrade and was violently broken up by the police. The prime minister had a serious crisis on his hands and withdrew the proposal.</ref>

*1938 In the [[w:Volhynia|Volhynia]] region of modern day Western Ukraine, by 1938 the Polish government had overseen the destruction of 190 Orthodox churches and converted a further 150 churches to Roman Rite Catholicism, despite its Ukrainian majority, and despite Pope Leo XIII's encycical ''[[w:Orientalium Dignitas|Orientalium Dignitas]]'' of 1894; the few Orthodox churches that were permitted to stay open were forced to use the Polish language in their liturgies.<ref name="Kania">Dr. Andrew Thomas Kania. ''[http://www.catholicukes.org.au/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=785 Moral Hemophilia: Concept and Reality (cf. Luke 10: 29 – 37)].'' Fri 28 of Aug., 2009 11:13 EST;</ref> [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]] founded, when a group of 37 Carpatho-Russian [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] parishes, under the leadership of Fr. [[Orestes (Chornock) of Agathonikeia|Orestes Chornock]], were received into the jurisdiction of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]].