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==Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453)==
 
==Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453)==
*1054 Cardinal [[Humbert]] excommunicates [[Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople|Michael Cerularius]], patriarch of Constantinople, a major centerpoint in the formation of the [[Great Schism]] between East and West; First Letter of Michael Cerularius to Peter of Antioch.   
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*1054 Cardinal [[Humbert of Silva Candida|Humbert]] excommunicates [[Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople|Michael Cerularius]], patriarch of Constantinople, a major centerpoint in the formation of the [[Great Schism]] between East and West; First Letter of Michael Cerularius to Peter of Antioch.   
 
*1059 Errors of Berengar of Tours condemned in Rome; term ''transubstantiation'' begins to come in to use, ascribed to [[Peter Damian]].   
 
*1059 Errors of Berengar of Tours condemned in Rome; term ''transubstantiation'' begins to come in to use, ascribed to [[Peter Damian]].   
 
*1064 [[w:Seljuk Turks|Seljuk Turks]] storm Anatolia taking Caesarea and Ani, conquering Armenia.   
 
*1064 [[w:Seljuk Turks|Seljuk Turks]] storm Anatolia taking Caesarea and Ani, conquering Armenia.   
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*1148 Death of  [[Anthony the Roman]], Abbot and Wonder-worker of Novgorod.
 
*1148 Death of  [[Anthony the Roman]], Abbot and Wonder-worker of Novgorod.
 
*1149 On the 50th anniversary of the taking of Jerusalem by the First Crusade, Crusaders begin to renovate [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Romanesque style, adding a bell tower; in August, 1149, Abbot [[w:Abbot Suger|Suger of St. Denis]] together with [[w:Bernard of Clairvaux|Bernard of Clairvaux]] laid plans for a series of councils which would summon all of France to a new crusade to the [[Holy Land]]; this call to crusade included voices such as [[w:Peter the Venerable|Peter, Abbot of Cluny]] who demanded vengeance on the [[Byzantine Empire]] over the failure of the Second Crusade and had correspondence with [[w:Roger II of Sicily|Roger of Sicily]] calling for an expedition against [[Constantinople]].<ref>John Gordon Rowe. ''The Papacy and the Greeks (1122-1153) (Part II).'' '''Church History''', Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1959), p.318.</ref>   
 
*1149 On the 50th anniversary of the taking of Jerusalem by the First Crusade, Crusaders begin to renovate [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in Romanesque style, adding a bell tower; in August, 1149, Abbot [[w:Abbot Suger|Suger of St. Denis]] together with [[w:Bernard of Clairvaux|Bernard of Clairvaux]] laid plans for a series of councils which would summon all of France to a new crusade to the [[Holy Land]]; this call to crusade included voices such as [[w:Peter the Venerable|Peter, Abbot of Cluny]] who demanded vengeance on the [[Byzantine Empire]] over the failure of the Second Crusade and had correspondence with [[w:Roger II of Sicily|Roger of Sicily]] calling for an expedition against [[Constantinople]].<ref>John Gordon Rowe. ''The Papacy and the Greeks (1122-1153) (Part II).'' '''Church History''', Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1959), p.318.</ref>   
*1156-57 [[Council of Constantinople (1156)|Council of Constantinople]] (Synod of Blachernae) is held under Patr. [[Luke of Constantinople|Luke Chrysoberges]] to condemn the errors of Soterichus Pantengenus, patriarch-elect of Antioch, and of some others, who asserted that the Sacrifice upon the [[Cross]] was offered to the [[God the Father|Father]] and to the [[Holy Spirit]] alone, and not to the Word, the [[Jesus Christ|Son of God]].
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*1156-57 [[Council of Constantinople (1156)|Council of Constantinople]] (Synod of Blachernae) is held under Patr. [[Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople|Luke Chrysoberges]] to condemn the errors of Soterichus Pantengenus, patriarch-elect of Antioch, and of some others, who asserted that the Sacrifice upon the [[Cross]] was offered to the [[God the Father|Father]] and to the [[Holy Spirit]] alone, and not to the Word, the [[Jesus Christ|Son of God]].
 
*1159 [[w:John of Salisbury|John of Salisbury]] authors ''[[w:Policraticus|Policraticus]]'', a treatise on government drawing from the [[Holy Scripture|Bible]], the [[w:Corpus Juris Civilis|Codex Justinianus]], and arguing for [[w:Divine Right of Kings|Divine Right of Kings]].     
 
*1159 [[w:John of Salisbury|John of Salisbury]] authors ''[[w:Policraticus|Policraticus]]'', a treatise on government drawing from the [[Holy Scripture|Bible]], the [[w:Corpus Juris Civilis|Codex Justinianus]], and arguing for [[w:Divine Right of Kings|Divine Right of Kings]].     
 
*1164 Uncovering of the relics of [[Leontius of Rostov]].   
 
*1164 Uncovering of the relics of [[Leontius of Rostov]].   
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*1236 Córdoba was recaptured from the Muslim army by King Ferdinand III of Castile, and the [[w:Great Mosque of Córdoba|Great Mosque of Córdoba]] was re-converted into a Christian church.
 
*1236 Córdoba was recaptured from the Muslim army by King Ferdinand III of Castile, and the [[w:Great Mosque of Córdoba|Great Mosque of Córdoba]] was re-converted into a Christian church.
 
*1237 Golden Horde begin [[Church of Russia#Mongol Tartars over Russia (1237-1448)|subjugation of Russia]].   
 
*1237 Golden Horde begin [[Church of Russia#Mongol Tartars over Russia (1237-1448)|subjugation of Russia]].   
*1240 Mongols sack Kiev; Prince [[Alexander Nevsky]] defeats Swedish army at [[Battle of the Neva]].   
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*1240 Mongols sack Kiev; Prince [[Alexander Nevsky]] defeats Swedish army at Battle of the Neva.   
 
*1242 [[Alexander Nevsky]]'s Novgorodian force defeats Teutonic Knights in [[w:Battle of the Ice|Battle of Lake Peipus]], a major defeat for the Catholic crusaders.   
 
*1242 [[Alexander Nevsky]]'s Novgorodian force defeats Teutonic Knights in [[w:Battle of the Ice|Battle of Lake Peipus]], a major defeat for the Catholic crusaders.   
 
*1244 Jerusalem conquered and razed by [[w:Khwarezm|Khwarezmian]] mercenaries (Oghuz Turks) serving under the [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] ruler of Egypt Salih Ayyub, triggering Seventh Crusade.   
 
*1244 Jerusalem conquered and razed by [[w:Khwarezm|Khwarezmian]] mercenaries (Oghuz Turks) serving under the [[w:Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] ruler of Egypt Salih Ayyub, triggering Seventh Crusade.   
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*1270 [[w:Eighth Crusade|Eighth Crusade]] launched by King [[w:Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] of France.   
 
*1270 [[w:Eighth Crusade|Eighth Crusade]] launched by King [[w:Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] of France.   
 
*1271-72 [[w:Ninth Crusade|Ninth Crusade]] led by [[w:Edward I of England|Prince Edward]] of England to Acre, considered to be the last of the medieval Crusades to the Holy Land.   
 
*1271-72 [[w:Ninth Crusade|Ninth Crusade]] led by [[w:Edward I of England|Prince Edward]] of England to Acre, considered to be the last of the medieval Crusades to the Holy Land.   
*1274 Second [[Council of Lyons (1274)|Council of Lyons]] held, proclaiming union between the Orthodox East and the Roman Catholic West, but generally unaccepted in the East; death of [[w:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]], Latin [[w:Scholasticism|scholastic]] philosopher and theologian, author of the ''[[w:Summa Theologica|Summa Theologica]]''.   
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*1274 Second [[Councils of Lyons|Council of Lyons]] held, proclaiming union between the Orthodox East and the Roman Catholic West, but generally unaccepted in the East; death of [[w:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]], Latin [[w:Scholasticism|scholastic]] philosopher and theologian, author of the ''[[w:Summa Theologica|Summa Theologica]]''.   
*1275 Unionist Patriarch of Constantinople [[John XI Bekkos of Constantinople|John XI Bekkos]] elected to replace Patriarch [[Joseph I Galesiotes of Constantinople|Joseph I Galesiotes]], who opposed [[Council of Lyons]]; 26 martyrs of Zographou monastery on [[Mount Athos|Mt. Athos]], martyred by the Latins.   
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*1275 Unionist Patriarch of Constantinople [[John XI Bekkos of Constantinople|John XI Bekkos]] elected to replace Patriarch [[Joseph I (Galesiotes) of Constantinople|Joseph I Galesiotes]], who opposed the Second Council of Lyons; 26 martyrs of Zographou monastery on [[Mount Athos|Mt. Athos]], martyred by the Latins.   
 
*ca. 1280 ''[[w:Kebra Nagast|Kebra Nagast]]'' ("Book of the Glory of Kings") compiled, a repository of Ethiopian national and religious feelings.   
 
*ca. 1280 ''[[w:Kebra Nagast|Kebra Nagast]]'' ("Book of the Glory of Kings") compiled, a repository of Ethiopian national and religious feelings.   
 
*1281 [[w:Pope Martin IV|Pope Martin IV]] authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established [[Byzantine Empire]] in Constantinople, excommunicating Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] and the Greeks and renouncing the union of 1274; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.   
 
*1281 [[w:Pope Martin IV|Pope Martin IV]] authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established [[Byzantine Empire]] in Constantinople, excommunicating Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]] and the Greeks and renouncing the union of 1274; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.   
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*1391-98 Ottoman Turks unsuccessfully besiege Constantinople for the first time.   
 
*1391-98 Ottoman Turks unsuccessfully besiege Constantinople for the first time.   
 
*1410 Iconographer [[Andrei Rublev]] paints his most famous icon depicting the three angels who appeared to Abraham and Sarah, the angels being considered a type of the [[Holy Trinity|Holy Trinity]].     
 
*1410 Iconographer [[Andrei Rublev]] paints his most famous icon depicting the three angels who appeared to Abraham and Sarah, the angels being considered a type of the [[Holy Trinity|Holy Trinity]].     
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*1411 Death of [[Niphon of Mount Athos]], proponent of [[Hesychasm|hesychastic]] theology and wonderworker.
 
*1414-18 Council of Constance in Roman Catholic Church represents high point for [[w:Conciliarism|Conciliar Movement]] over authority of pope.   
 
*1414-18 Council of Constance in Roman Catholic Church represents high point for [[w:Conciliarism|Conciliar Movement]] over authority of pope.   
 
*1417 End of Western Great Schism at the [[Council of Constance]].   
 
*1417 End of Western Great Schism at the [[Council of Constance]].   

Latest revision as of 16:32, August 11, 2012

Timeline of Church History
Eras Timeline of Church History (Abridged article)
Eras New Testament Era | Apostolic Era (33-100) | Ante-Nicene Era (100-325) | Nicene Era (325-451) | Byzantine Era (451-843) | Late Byzantine Era (843-1054) | Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453) | Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821) | Modern Era (1821-1917) | Communist Era (1917-1991) | Post-Communist Era (1991-Present) |
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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of Jesus Christ to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453)

References

  1. John Gordon Rowe. The Papacy and the Greeks (1122-1153) (Part II). Church History, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1959), p.318.

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

Published works

The following are published writings that provide an overview of Church history:

From an Orthodox perspective

  • Papadakis, Aristeides (with John Meyendorff). The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy: The Church 1071-1453 A.D. The Church in History Vol. IV. Crestwood, N.Y. : St. Vladimirs Seminary Press, 1994. ISBN 9780881410587
  • Schmemann, Alexander. The Historical Road of Eastern Orthodoxy.
  • Ware, Timothy. The Orthodox Church: New Edition. (ISBN 0140146563)

From a Heterodox perspective

  • Collins, Michael, ed.; Price, Matthew Arlen. Story of Christianity: A Celebration of 2000 Years of Faith. (ISBN 0789446057)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought, Volume 2: From Augustine to the Eve of the Reformation. (ISBN 0687171830)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume 1: The Early Church to the Reformation. (ISBN 0060633158)
  • Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity. (ISBN 0802848753)
  • Hussey, J. M. The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire: Oxford History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 0198264569)
  • Jones, Timothy P. Christian History Made Easy. (ISBN 1890947105)
  • Noll, Mark A. Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity. (ISBN 080106211X)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 2: The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600-1700). (ISBN 0226653730)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 3: The Growth of Medieval Theology (600-1300). (ISBN 0226653749)
  • Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 156563196X)
  • Walton, Robert C. Chronological and Background Charts of Church History. (ISBN 0310362814)

External links