Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Church History (Byzantine Era (451-843))"

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==Byzantine era (451-843)==
 
==Byzantine era (451-843)==
 
*451 [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] meets at Chalcedon, condemning [[Eutychianism]] and [[Monophysitism]], affirming doctrine of two perfect and indivisible but distinct natures in Christ, and recognizing [[Church of Jerusalem]] as patriarchate;  
 
*451 [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] meets at Chalcedon, condemning [[Eutychianism]] and [[Monophysitism]], affirming doctrine of two perfect and indivisible but distinct natures in Christ, and recognizing [[Church of Jerusalem]] as patriarchate;  
* 451 The city of Lutetia (Gallo-Roman Paris) is spared from Attila's Huns due to the ministrations of St. [[Genevieve of Paris]]; Attila the Hun defeated at [[w:Battle of Chalons|Battle of Chalons]], last major military operation of the Western Roman Empire, where the Christian allied forces under Roman general Aetius defeated Attila and his Hunnic host, allowing [[Introduction to Orthodox Christianity|Christianity]] and western civilization to continue to flourish;<ref group="note">Allied with the Romans under General Flavius Aetius ("Last of the Romans") were the Christian Visigoths of King Theodoric, the Alans under Sangiban, Salian Franks, Burgundians, Saxons,  Armoricans and Sarmatians.<br><br>Allied with the Hunnic army of Attila ("The Scourge of God") were the Gepids under their king Ardaric, an Ostrogothic army led by the brothers Valamir and Theodemir (the father of the later Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great), Vandals, Thuringians, Scythians, and Alamanni; the [[w:Ripuarian Franks|Ripuarian Franks]] fought on both sides as some of them lived outside the Empire.<br><br>This was the first major battle since the death of [[Constantine I]] where a predominantly Christian force faced a predominantly [[pagan]] opponent. This factor was very much apparent to the contemporaries, who often mention [[prayer]] playing a factor in this battle (e.g., [[w:Gregory of Tours|Gregory of Tours]]' story of the prayers of Aetius' wife saving the Roman's life in ''Historia Francorum'' 2.7).</ref> uprising of Armenian Christians reacting to the pro-[[w:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] policy of Sassanid Persian king [[w:Yazdegerd II|Yazdegerd II]]; Armenia was guaranteed religious freedom after the [[w:Battle of Avarayr|Battle of Avarayr]].  
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* 451 The city of Lutetia (Gallo-Roman Paris) is spared from Attila's Huns due to the ministrations of St. [[Genevieve of Paris]]; Attila the Hun defeated at [[w:Battle of Chalons|Battle of Chalons]], last major military operation of the Western Roman Empire, where the Christian allied forces under Roman general Aetius defeated Attila and his Hunnic host, allowing [[Introduction to Orthodox Christianity|Christianity]] and western civilization to continue to flourish;<ref group="note">Allied with the Romans under General Flavius Aetius ("Last of the Romans") were the Christian Visigoths of King Theodoric, the Alans under Sangiban, Salian Franks, Burgundians, Saxons,  Armoricans and Sarmatians.<br>Allied with the Hunnic army of Attila ("The Scourge of God") were the Gepids under their king Ardaric, an Ostrogothic army led by the brothers Valamir and Theodemir (the father of the later Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great), Vandals, Thuringians, Scythians, and Alamanni; the [[w:Ripuarian Franks|Ripuarian Franks]] fought on both sides as some of them lived outside the Empire.<br>This was the first major battle since the death of [[Constantine I]] where a predominantly Christian force faced a predominantly [[pagan]] opponent. This factor was very much apparent to the contemporaries, who often mention [[prayer]] playing a factor in this battle (e.g., [[w:Gregory of Tours|Gregory of Tours]]' story of the prayers of Aetius' wife saving the Roman's life in ''Historia Francorum'' 2.7).</ref> uprising of Armenian Christians reacting to the pro-[[w:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] policy of Sassanid Persian king [[w:Yazdegerd II|Yazdegerd II]]; Armenia was guaranteed religious freedom after the [[w:Battle of Avarayr|Battle of Avarayr]].  
 
*ca.451-480 Flight of the [[w:Nine Saints|Nine Saints]] ([[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]) from Byzantine Syria, following the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]]; first translation of the Greek [[Septuagint]] into the [[w:Ge'ez language|Ge'ez language]] (i.e. the Ethiopian Bible), becoming the official Bible of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] as well as of the [[w:Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jewish community]].<ref group="note">Charles Bryant-Abraham (PhD), and The Hon. Knight de Bryan (OAA). ''"[http://www.dskmariam.org/artsandlitreature/litreature/pdf/ethiopianorthodoxchurchofjerusaleml.pdf An Interview with the Venerable Getahun Atlaw, Archdeacon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Israel]."'' Courtesy of the Augustan Society.</ref><ref group="note">The Ethiopian Jews ''([[w:Beta Israel|Beta-Israel]], Falashas)'' are the only Jewish community in the world today who accept the [[Septuagint]] (minus Ecclesiasticus). (''[http://www.bibliahebraica.com/the_texts/septuagint.htm Septuagint].'' BiblicaHebraica.org, BiblicaGreece.org.)</ref>
 
*ca.451-480 Flight of the [[w:Nine Saints|Nine Saints]] ([[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]) from Byzantine Syria, following the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]]; first translation of the Greek [[Septuagint]] into the [[w:Ge'ez language|Ge'ez language]] (i.e. the Ethiopian Bible), becoming the official Bible of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] as well as of the [[w:Beta Israel|Ethiopian Jewish community]].<ref group="note">Charles Bryant-Abraham (PhD), and The Hon. Knight de Bryan (OAA). ''"[http://www.dskmariam.org/artsandlitreature/litreature/pdf/ethiopianorthodoxchurchofjerusaleml.pdf An Interview with the Venerable Getahun Atlaw, Archdeacon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Israel]."'' Courtesy of the Augustan Society.</ref><ref group="note">The Ethiopian Jews ''([[w:Beta Israel|Beta-Israel]], Falashas)'' are the only Jewish community in the world today who accept the [[Septuagint]] (minus Ecclesiasticus). (''[http://www.bibliahebraica.com/the_texts/septuagint.htm Septuagint].'' BiblicaHebraica.org, BiblicaGreece.org.)</ref>
 
*452 [[Proterios of Alexandria]] convenes synod in Alexandria to reconcile Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians; second finding of the Head of [[John the Forerunner]]; Attila the Hun invades northern Italy, but is convinced to withdraw from Ravenna by Pope [[Leo the Great]]; [[Venice]] founded by fugitives from Attila's army.   
 
*452 [[Proterios of Alexandria]] convenes synod in Alexandria to reconcile Chalcedonians and non-Chalcedonians; second finding of the Head of [[John the Forerunner]]; Attila the Hun invades northern Italy, but is convinced to withdraw from Ravenna by Pope [[Leo the Great]]; [[Venice]] founded by fugitives from Attila's army.   

Revision as of 02:03, March 12, 2010

Timeline of Church History
Eras Timeline of Church History (Abridged article)
Eras New Testament Era | Apostolic Era (33-100) | Ante-Nicene Era (100-325) | Nicene Era (325-451) | Byzantine Era (451-843) | Late Byzantine Era (843-1054) | Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453) | Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821) | Modern Era (1821-1917) | Communist Era (1917-1991) | Post-Communist Era (1991-Present) |
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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first received and preached the truth of Jesus Christ to the world, those who helped to formulate the expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging yet ever-dynamic Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.

Byzantine era (451-843)

Notes

  • Some of these dates are necessarily a bit vague, as records for some periods are particularly difficult to piece together accurately.
  • The division of Church History into separate eras as done here will always be to some extent arbitrary, though it was attempted to group periods according to major watershed events.
  • This timeline is necessarily biased toward the history of the Orthodox Church, though a number of non-Orthodox or purely political events are mentioned for their importance in history related to Orthodoxy or for reference.

See also

Notes

  1. Allied with the Romans under General Flavius Aetius ("Last of the Romans") were the Christian Visigoths of King Theodoric, the Alans under Sangiban, Salian Franks, Burgundians, Saxons, Armoricans and Sarmatians.
    Allied with the Hunnic army of Attila ("The Scourge of God") were the Gepids under their king Ardaric, an Ostrogothic army led by the brothers Valamir and Theodemir (the father of the later Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great), Vandals, Thuringians, Scythians, and Alamanni; the Ripuarian Franks fought on both sides as some of them lived outside the Empire.
    This was the first major battle since the death of Constantine I where a predominantly Christian force faced a predominantly pagan opponent. This factor was very much apparent to the contemporaries, who often mention prayer playing a factor in this battle (e.g., Gregory of Tours' story of the prayers of Aetius' wife saving the Roman's life in Historia Francorum 2.7).
  2. Charles Bryant-Abraham (PhD), and The Hon. Knight de Bryan (OAA). "An Interview with the Venerable Getahun Atlaw, Archdeacon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Israel." Courtesy of the Augustan Society.
  3. The Ethiopian Jews (Beta-Israel, Falashas) are the only Jewish community in the world today who accept the Septuagint (minus Ecclesiasticus). (Septuagint. BiblicaHebraica.org, BiblicaGreece.org.)

Published works

The following are published writings that provide an overview of Church history:

From an Orthodox perspective

From a Heterodox perspective

  • Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through the Centuries: A History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 0310208122)
  • Collins, Michael, ed.; Price, Matthew Arlen. Story of Christianity: A Celebration of 2000 Years of Faith. (ISBN 0789446057)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought, Volume 2: From Augustine to the Eve of the Reformation. (ISBN 0687171830)
  • Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity, Volume 1: The Early Church to the Reformation. (ISBN 0060633158)
  • Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity. (ISBN 0802848753)
  • Hussey, J. M. The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire: Oxford History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 0198264569)
  • Jones, Timothy P. Christian History Made Easy. (ISBN 1890947105)
  • Noll, Mark A. Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity. (ISBN 080106211X)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100-600). (ISBN 0226653714)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 2: The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600-1700). (ISBN 0226653730)
  • Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 3: The Growth of Medieval Theology (600-1300). (ISBN 0226653749)
  • Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. (ISBN 156563196X)
  • Walton, Robert C. Chronological and Background Charts of Church History. (ISBN 0310362814)

External links