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| − | ‘’’Heraclius’’’, (Latin: ‘‘Flavius Heraclius Augustus’‘; Greek: Ἡράκλειος, ‘‘Hērakleios’‘) ,was Emperor of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire from [[October 5]], 610 to [[February 11]], 641. Often he was also referred to as ‘‘Heraclius I’‘. Heraclius reorganized the government of the empire after its decay under his predecessors and was able to recover lands lost to the Persians. In an attempt to encourage unity between the Orthodox and the [[Monophysites]], he promoted the compromise doctrine called [[Monothelitism]]. He also changed the official language of the empire from Latin to Greek.
| + | The '''Spirit of Orthodoxy Choir''' is a choir composed of Orthodox Christian singers in the New York - New Jersey - Pennsylvania area of the United States. It is committed to singing in the English language the great works of Orthodox music that glorifies God and expresses the Orthodox faith, thus opening the treasury of Orthodox music to the community. |
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| − | ==Life== | + | ==History== |
| − | Heraclius was born about 575, the son of Heraclius the Elder who was a distinguished general under Emperor Maurice. After a successful war in 590, Maurice appointed Heraclius the Elder to the position of Exarch of Africa where Heraclius grew up. Heraclius’ birth place is not known.
| + | The Spirit Of Orthodoxy Choir was established in 1997 under the direction of Aleksei Shipovalnikov. The choir consists of singers from various [[parish]]es and [[jurisdiction]]s who are dedicated to church singing and who desire to be witnesses to the faith through music. |
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| − | In 602, Heraclius the Elder declared his loyalty to Phocas when Phocas became emperor after Maurice was overthrown by the army. In 608, Heraclius the Elder renounced his allegiance to Phocas and with his son began a campaign to obtain emperorship. In 609, the young Heraclius led a naval expedition to Constantinople which he took with the aid of leading aristocrats and the imperial guard in the city. Once in the city Heraclius was crowned and acclaimed emperor. After capturing Phocas, Heraclius personally executed him.
| + | These music selections represent three schools of Russian Church music and have been sufficiently translated into English. Some of the choir's repertoire has been unheard in the West. The Choir sings chiefly in English but also performs music in [[Church Slavonic]]. Their repertoire witnesses to the range and quality of the liturgical life of the Orthodox Church. Their singing is a capella, without instrumentation. This is typical of the Orthodox Church, where the human voice and soul are invaluable in worship. |
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| − | On [[October 5]], 610, he was again crowned and married Fabia, who had taken the name Eudoxia. In 613, Heracluis married his niece Martina, after the death of Eudoxia in 612. Considered incestuous, the marriage was very unpopular, Heraclius fended off attempts by Patriarch Sergius I to dissolve the marriage and took her with him on his campaigns.
| + | ==Director== |
| | + | Aleksei V. Shipovalnikov was born in Rostov on the Don and studied composition, polyphony and conducting at the Gnesin Sate Conservatory and the Moscow Institute of Culture. His post-graduate studies included a master class with Leonard Bernstein in 1988. He served as Artistic Director and Manager of the Moscow State University Symphony Orchestra and Academic Choir and has conducted in the Soviet Union, West Germany and Poland. He established a reputation during the Communist era for innovative programming in spite of the political risks involved. In 1990 he moved to the United States, where he has served as Choir Director of [[Christ the Saviour Church (San Francisco, California)|Christ the Saviour Church, San Francisco]] and Music Director of Slavyanka Men's Slavic Chorus. He was Professor of Liturgical Music at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Seminary]], South Canaan, Pennsylvania. He is currently Music Director at [[Ss. Peter and Paul Church (Jersey City, New Jersey)|Ss. Peter and Paul Orthodox Church, Jersey City, New Jersey]]. |
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| − | The revolt led by Phocas had seriously weakened the Balkan and Persian frontiers, resulting in the advance of the Persians under Chosroes II into Syria. The Persians took Damascus in 613, Jerusalem in 614, and advanced into Anatolia as far as Chalcedon. Heraclius considered moving the capital to Carthage, but he was dissuaded by Patriarch Sergius I. He began reorganized the Roman army as part of his general reorganization efforts, Heraclius then led the reorganized army back into Persia in late 627. In December 627, the Roman army won a devastating victory over the Persia at a battle at Nineveh.
| + | ==External Link== |
| | + | * [http://www.spiritoforthodoxy.com/ Official website] |
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| − | The population of the provinces recovered from the Persians were followers of the Monophysitic [[heresy]], To strengthen his government Heraclius led an attempt at religious unity by proposing a compromise doctrine called Monothelitism. The compromise was formulated by Patriarch Sergius. Initially, Sergius proposed that Christ did all things through action of a single divine-human energy, in a single mode of activity (‘’energeia’’). But, Sophronius, later patriarch of Jerusalem, objected. Sergius then adopting a term “one will” (‘‘mia thelesis’’) used by Pope Honorius in an earlier letter to him. This formula was used in the ‘’[[Ecthesis]]’’ drawn up by Sergius and promulgated by Heraclius in 638. Initially accepted by the [[bishop]]s in Constantinople, it fell in disfavor with the rejection of formula by the successors of Honorius. This compromise remained an issue through Heraclius’ successions and was finally settled by the [[Sixth Ecumenical Council]] in 680. The decision of the Council was the anathematizing of the leaders of the Monothelite formula, including the dead Pope Honorius, and reaffirming the Chalcedonian definition.
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| − | In 629, Heraclius took the Greek title “basileus” in place of the former Latin tile of “augustus” as part of the shift in the language of government from Latin to Greek. Basilius would remain the title of the Roman emperors until the end of the empire.
| + | [[Category:Church Music]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Organizations]] |
| − | To improve the defensive organization in Anatolia, Heraclius introduced the concept of ‘’themata’’, a hereditary military service based on land grants to divisions of soldiers who were governed under military administration with each theme commanded by a military governor (‘’strategos’’).
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| − | In the 630s, the Arab tribes, unified under Muhammad, became a formidable force that attacked Syria and Palestine. Heraclius had to depend upon his generals for the defense against these attacks as he had become ill after his triumph over the Persians and could not personally lead his army. In this his generals failed him. Palestine and Syria were attacked in 634. In 636, the larger Roman force was crushed in the Battle of Yarmuk, and by 639 Syria and Palestine were lost. At the time of his death, most of Egypt was under the control of the Muslim Arabs.
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| − | Heraclius died in Constantinople on [[February 11]], 641. He was succeeded by his sons Constantine III and Heraclonas.
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| − | ==Family==
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| − | Between his two wives, Heraclius sired at least twelve children. Of these, two from his second marriage to Martina are known to be handicapped, seen at the time as punishment for his illegal marriage. He had at least one illegitimate son, Atalarichos. Atalarichos participated in a plot with his cousin the magister Theodorus and an Armenian noble Davis Saharuni against Heraclius. After the plot failed in 637 Atalarichos was mutilated and exiled. When Heraclius learned in his last years of life of the struggle between his son Heraclius Constantine and his wife Martina in which she was trying to position her son Heraklonas in line to the throne, Heraclius wrote his will making both Heraclius Constantine and Heraklonas his joint successors with Martina as Empress.
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| − | His children by Fabia Edoxia:
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| − | :Eudoxia Epiphania, Augusta.
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| − | :Heraclius Constantine (Constantine III).
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| − | His children by Martina:
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| − | :Fabius, who was paralyzed.
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| − | :Theodosios, a deaf-mute, who married Nike, the daughter of the Persian general Shahrbaraz.
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| − | :Constantine.
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| − | :Constantine Heraclius (Heraklonas)
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| − | :David (Tiberios), Caesar
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| − | :Martinos or Marinos
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| − | :Augoustina, Augusta
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| − | :Anastasia and/or Martina, Augusta
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| − | :Febronia
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| − | {{start box}}
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| − | {{succession|
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| − | before= Phocas|
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| − | title=Roman (Byzantine) Emperor|
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| − | years=610-641|
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| − | after=Constantine III and Heraklonas}}
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| − | {{end box}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | [[w:Heraclius]]
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| − | *[http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm Heraclius]
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| − | [[Category:Byzantine Emperor]] | |
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| − | This is the '''OrthodoxWiki Sandbox'''! Feel free to edit here to your heart's content!
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| − | [[Category:OrthodoxWiki]] | |
The Spirit of Orthodoxy Choir is a choir composed of Orthodox Christian singers in the New York - New Jersey - Pennsylvania area of the United States. It is committed to singing in the English language the great works of Orthodox music that glorifies God and expresses the Orthodox faith, thus opening the treasury of Orthodox music to the community.
History
The Spirit Of Orthodoxy Choir was established in 1997 under the direction of Aleksei Shipovalnikov. The choir consists of singers from various parishes and jurisdictions who are dedicated to church singing and who desire to be witnesses to the faith through music.
These music selections represent three schools of Russian Church music and have been sufficiently translated into English. Some of the choir's repertoire has been unheard in the West. The Choir sings chiefly in English but also performs music in Church Slavonic. Their repertoire witnesses to the range and quality of the liturgical life of the Orthodox Church. Their singing is a capella, without instrumentation. This is typical of the Orthodox Church, where the human voice and soul are invaluable in worship.
Director
Aleksei V. Shipovalnikov was born in Rostov on the Don and studied composition, polyphony and conducting at the Gnesin Sate Conservatory and the Moscow Institute of Culture. His post-graduate studies included a master class with Leonard Bernstein in 1988. He served as Artistic Director and Manager of the Moscow State University Symphony Orchestra and Academic Choir and has conducted in the Soviet Union, West Germany and Poland. He established a reputation during the Communist era for innovative programming in spite of the political risks involved. In 1990 he moved to the United States, where he has served as Choir Director of Christ the Saviour Church, San Francisco and Music Director of Slavyanka Men's Slavic Chorus. He was Professor of Liturgical Music at St. Tikhon's Seminary, South Canaan, Pennsylvania. He is currently Music Director at Ss. Peter and Paul Orthodox Church, Jersey City, New Jersey.
External Link
