Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan

From OrthodoxWiki
Revision as of 18:47, June 24, 2005 by Wsk (talk | contribs) (add details of succession thru war period! May need to add narritive to main body of text)
Jump to: navigation, search
Metropolitan Sergius of Tokyo and All Japan

Metropolitan Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan (1871-1945) was sent to Japan by the Church of Russia as the assistant to and successor to St. Nicholas of Japan as the ruling bishop of the Japanese Orthodox Church.

Life

He was born Georgy Alexeevich Tikhomirov on June 3, 1871 (OS) in the village of Guzh near Novgorod, Russia into the family of a rural priest. His father, Alexei, was a popular and famous priest in the area. Georgy did well in elementary school and after graduation entered the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, graduating in 1896. Upon graduation he continued at the Academy teaching theology. During his time at the St. Petersburg Academy he was noted as a prolific preacher and author of many works on Church history in the Novgorod region.

Prior to his graduation from the Academy he took monastic vows on September 7, 1895, taking the monastic name Sergius. Then, on December 2, 1895, he was ordained a deacon in the Isakievsky Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and two days later he was ordained a priest. He was subsequently appointed inspector at the Academy. In December 1899, Father Sergius was raised to the dignity of archimandrite and was named Rector of the Academy. On October 8, 1905, Archimandrite Sergius was awarded his Doctor of Theology degree. Then, one month later he was elevated to the episcopacy, being consecrated Bishop of Iamburg and vicar to the archbishop of St. Petersburg. He was 35 years old, a common age at the time for entry into the episcopacy.

In 1908, Bishop Sergius was assigned to be the assistant of Archbishop Nicholas of Japan and his eventual successor. He arrived in Japan on June 27, 1908 as the Bishop of Kyoto. Already proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Hebrew, German, Latin, English, German, Arabic, and the Slavic languages, Bishop Sergius immediately began to get acquainted with Japan and its culture and language, and within a year he began preaching Orthodox Christianity among the Japanese people. He engrossed himself in missionary efforts, visiting widely, from the southern part of Sakhalin, that Japan had gained from Russia after the Russo-Japanese war, to Kuril Islands, Manchuria, Korea, and Formosa.

Bishop Sergius was at Archbishop Nicholas's side during the last years of his life, and after Nicholas's death in February 1912, Bishop Sergius was named in May 1912 the new ruling bishop of the Orthodox Church of Japan as Archbishop of Japan. Well familiar with Archbishop Nicholas's missionary work, Archbishop Sergius continued Nicholas's steps including publication of theological books through the Tokyo Seminary.

Within some six years, however, Archbishop Sergius had to contend with a different and difficult world. With the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent takeover by the Bolsheviks, funding for the Japanese mission budget was cut off. Although, this meant that the archbishop had to severely cut the activities of the mission, it nonetheless survived.

On September 1, 1923, Tokyo was hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake. The earthquake caused serious damage to the Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan) (Nikolai-do) at the mission's headquarters in Surugadai Kanda in Tokyo. The main bell tower collapsed onto the central dome severely damaging the building and the subsequent fires burned much what was left of the interior. Thus, Archbishop Sergius had inherited adversity greater than would be expected. Rebuilding Nicolai-do became central for Sergius and in this he did not give up. He toured throughout Japan asking for donations. He asked a young musician, Victor A. Pokrovsky, a refugee of the defeated White Army, to develop and lead the cathedral choir which toured Japan to raise money for the re-construction of the cathedral. Through these extraordinary efforts Nikolai-do was re-built and re-consecrated in just a little over six years. The re-consecration was held on December 15, 1929 with 5,000 guests present including Archbishop Nestor from Harbin. Then, in 1931, Archbishop Sergius was elevated to Metropolitan of All Japan by the Holy Synod in Moscow.

Then, as the Japanese church began its recovery under the leadership of Metropolitan Sergius, the specter of militaristic nationalism began to rise in Japan. Under this new climate pressures increased on all that was foreign and Christian. Eventually, in 1940, the pressures became too great and Metropolitan Sergius, his choir director, Victor Pokrovsky, and others not Japanese were removed from their positions with the Japanese church. The metropolitan and his choir director were to spend the war years of World War II in obscurity, harassed, under suspicion of being Russian/American spies, and arrested in the Spring of 1945 by the the special police. Metropolitan Sergius, in mid 1945, ended up under house arrest, his health impaired, and died under unusual circumstances on August 10, 1945, only five days before Japan's part in World War II ended.

With Japan in disorder as the war was ending, Metropolitan Sergius's body was carried for the last rites and burial in a "honey bucket" cart, as he had predicted to friends some years before when he pointed to such a cart that was passing them. The metropolitan was buried beside St. Nicholas of Japan, his predecessor, in the Tanaka Cemetery in Tokyo.

Succession box:
Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan
Preceded by:
?
Bishop of Iamburg
1905-1908
Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
?
Bishop of Kyoto
1908-1931
Succeeded by:
?
Preceded by:
St. Nicholas of Japan
Metropolitan of Japan
1931-(1941) 1945
Succeeded by:
Nicholas Ono/Benjamin
Help with box