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==History==
The Sobor was convened in 1666 in Moscow during the reign of Tsar Alexis by Metropolitan [[Pitirim of Moscow|Pitirim of Krutitsy]], [[locum tenens]] after the retirement of [[Patriarch]] [[Nikon of Moscow|Nikon]] to a [[monastery]] after a dispute with Tsar Alexis. In addition to the Tsar, [[Joasaph II (Novotorzhets) of Moscow|Joasaph (Novotorzhets)]] who became [[patriarch]] during the sobor, and Russian [[clergy]], those attending the sobor included Patriarch [[Macarius III (Zaim) of Antioch|Macarius of Antioch]], Metropolitans Athanasius of Iconium (representing the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]]) and Ananias of Sinai (representing the [[Patriarch of Jerusalem]]), and Patriarch [[Païsius Paisius of Alexandria]] who presided.
The council officially established the reforms that had been brought forward during the patriarchate of Patr. [[Nikon of Moscow|Nikon]] and anathematized all those who opposed the changes to the old Russian books and rites made to comply with the Church's liturgical unity. Even the old Russian books and rites themselves were anathematized. [[Old Believers|Old Ritualists]] were condemned for refusing to comply with such liturgical changes as celebrating [[feast days]] on the same day as the rest of the Orthodox Churches, making the sign of the cross with three fingers instead of two, and not kneeling on Sundays.
