Difference between revisions of "Church of Jerusalem"

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{{church|
 
{{church|
name= Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem|
+
name= Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem[[Image:Jerusalem logo.gif|center|Church of Jerusalem]]|
 
founder= The [[Apostles]]|
 
founder= The [[Apostles]]|
 
independence= Traditional |
 
independence= Traditional |
recognition= 692 by [[Quinisext Council]] |
+
recognition= 451 by [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] |
 
primate=[[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Patr. Theophilus]]|
 
primate=[[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Patr. Theophilus]]|
 
hq=Jerusalem, Israel|
 
hq=Jerusalem, Israel|
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website=[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/ Church of Jerusalem]
 
website=[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/ Church of Jerusalem]
 
}}
 
}}
The '''Church of Jerusalem''' is the mother church of all of Christendom, because it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of [[Pentecost]] with the descent of the [[Holy Spirit]] on the disciples of [[Jesus Christ]]. From Jerusalem the gospel of Christ was spread to the world.   
+
The '''Church of Jerusalem''' is the "Mother of all Churches" of all of Christendom, because it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of [[Pentecost]] with the descent of the [[Holy Spirit]] on the disciples of [[Jesus Christ]]. From Jerusalem the gospel of Christ was spread to the world.   
  
 
As Christianity spread, and the persecutions of the Jews by Roman authorities in their homeland increased, causing the dispersion of many of the Christians from Jerusalem, the import of this church and its impact on the ongoing life of the whole Church diminished. As other churches gained ascendency, namely the Churches of [[Church of Rome|Rome]], [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]], and [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], the Church of Jerusalem was accorded a place of honor with them among the five original Christian [[patriarchate]]s of the Christian world, called the ''[[Pentarchy]]''.
 
As Christianity spread, and the persecutions of the Jews by Roman authorities in their homeland increased, causing the dispersion of many of the Christians from Jerusalem, the import of this church and its impact on the ongoing life of the whole Church diminished. As other churches gained ascendency, namely the Churches of [[Church of Rome|Rome]], [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]], and [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], the Church of Jerusalem was accorded a place of honor with them among the five original Christian [[patriarchate]]s of the Christian world, called the ''[[Pentarchy]]''.
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Lately there has been criticism of the church leadership by Palestinian faithful, who accuse the Greek-speaking and largely Greek-born leadership of squandering their money and treating their Arabic-speaking members as second-class faithful.
 
Lately there has been criticism of the church leadership by Palestinian faithful, who accuse the Greek-speaking and largely Greek-born leadership of squandering their money and treating their Arabic-speaking members as second-class faithful.
  
Following the recent deposition of Patriarch [[Irenaios I (Skopelitis) of Jerusalem|Irenaios I]] amidst scandals regarding the transfer of land to Jewish control, the Holy Synod of the church named as their [[locum tenens|temporary primate]] His Eminence Metropolitan [[Cornelius (Rodousakis) of Petra]].  On [[August 22]], 2005, the Holy Synod unanimously elected the former Archbishop of Tabor, [[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Theophilus]], as the 141st Patriarch of Jerusalem.
+
Following the [[deposition]] of Patriarch [[Irenaios I (Skopelitis) of Jerusalem|Irenaios I]] amidst scandals regarding the transfer of land to Jewish control, the Holy Synod of the church named as their [[locum tenens|temporary primate]] His Eminence Metropolitan [[Cornelius (Rodousakis) of Petra]].  On [[August 22]], 2005, the Holy Synod unanimously elected the former Archbishop of Tabor, [[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Theophilus]], as the 141st Patriarch of Jerusalem.
 +
 
 +
<!-- ==History==
 +
The first Apostolic Council was held in ca. 49-52AD and ruled that the Gentiles do not have to become Jews before becoming Christians.
 +
 
 +
In 70 AD, the Roman Emperor [[w:Titus|Titus]] captured and destroyed Jerusalem. The Jewish temple was demolished, and, under difficult conditions, the Christians moved to Pella on the east bank of the Jordan River.
 +
 
 +
By 135 AD, the Roman Emperor [[w:Hadrian|Hadrian]] built a pagan temple over the ruins of Golgotha and covered the Holy Tomb with dirt. A new Roman city was declared and named ''Aelia Capitolina''. Although Christians were then permitted to return to Jerusalem, the Jewish people were not.  In the meantime, Christianity spread throughout Palestine; many communities and episcopacies were created under the primacy of the Metropolitan of Caesaria.
 +
 
 +
By 326 AD, St. Helena visited Jerusalem to rediscover the ruins of the old Jerusalem. During the excavations, she discovered three crosses, and through a miraculous event the [[True Cross]] of Christ was discovered. Her son, St. [[Constantine the Great]] commissioned the demolition of the Roman buildings and the construction of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Holy Sepulchre]].
  
 
==Holy places of worship==
 
==Holy places of worship==
<small> Only those places that have an OrthodoxWiki article will be listed </small>
+
===Biblical===
 
*The [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)]]
 
*The [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)]]
 +
*St. Sion
 +
*St. Bethlahem
 +
*Samaria
 +
*The lake of Tiberiados
 +
*Magdala
 +
*Cana of Galilea
 +
*The village of the shepards
 +
*Capernaum
 +
*Bethsaida
 +
*The kathisma of the Panagia
 +
*St. Gethsimani
 +
--->
 +
===Places of importance===
 +
*Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem)
 +
*Holy Fire
 +
*Museum of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate
 +
*St Michael's Church (Jaffa)
 +
*[[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|Holy Monastery of St. Catherine]] ([[Mount Sinai]]), believed to be the site of the [[Burning Bush]] from the Old Testament, belonging to [[Church of Sinai]].
  
 
==Monasteries==
 
==Monasteries==
There are a total of 25 monasteries under the administrative care of the Church of Jerusalem. Some of these include:
+
#The [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)|Holy Lavra of St. Savas the Hegiasmenos]] (Mar Saba)
#The Holy Lavra of  
+
#The Monastery of St. George the Hozevitou (location)
#The Holy Monastery of St. George the Hozevitou (location).
+
#The Monastery of St. Martha and Mary (Bethany)
#
+
#The Monastery of The Holy Archangels (Andromedos)
#
+
#The Monastery of St. [[Euthymius the Great|Eythymios]] the Great (Khan-Ahmar)
 +
 
 +
There are 25 monasteries within the city of Jerusalem:
 +
#The Holy Monastery of Abraam, a dependency of the Holy Sepulchre
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. [[Haralampus of Magnesia|Haralampus]]
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Forerunner
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Archangels
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Nicholas
 +
#The Holy Monastery of Ss. Theodore
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. George the Jew
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. George of the hospital
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Basil
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Katherine
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Spyridon
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Nikodemus
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Praetorium
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Anne, the Mother of the Theotokos
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Symeon of Katamonas
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Holy Cross
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Onouphrious
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Sion, also the Patriarchal Theological college
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Stephen
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Panteleimon
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Resurrection
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Modestos
 +
#The Holy Monastery of the Great Panagia (female)
 +
#The Holy Monastery of St. Euthymios (female)
 +
#The Holy Monastery of Panagia "Seidanagias"
 +
 
 +
There are two churches in Jerusalem, the Church of St. Demetrios and the Church of St. Thekla. There is also the cathedral church of St. James the Brother of the Lord, which also has two chapels dedicated to the Myrrh-bearers and the Forty Holy Martyrs of Jerusalem.  The chapel of the Forty Holy Martyrs holds the relics of all the patriarchs of Jerusalem.
 +
<!--- ===Unclear===
 +
*The Holy Monastery of St. Theodosios (Nder Impn, Ambet - Bethlehem) - Archimandrite Theodosios died 105 years old [[January 11]], 532 AD. --->
  
 +
==Saints and Elders==
 +
The [[Holy Land]] has been primarily sanctified by the presence of [[Christ]], however, through his divine economy, the Holy Land has also generated a cloud of [[Martyrs]], Hierarchs and [[Saints]]. Some of these include:
 +
* the Holy Apostles
 +
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
  
==Related articles==
+
==See also==
 +
*[[List of Patriarchs of Jerusalem]]
 +
*[[Monastery at the Shepherds Field (East Jerusalem, Israel)]]
 
*[[New Church of St. Mary, the Theotokos (Jerusalem)]]
 
*[[New Church of St. Mary, the Theotokos (Jerusalem)]]
 +
*[[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in North and South America]]
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
===Structure===
+
*[http://www.jerusalemexperience.com/category/jerusalem-church/ Jerusalem Church]
 
*[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/ Official Website of the Church of Jerusalem] (Main page)
 
*[http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.info/ Official Website of the Church of Jerusalem] (Main page)
:- [http://www.saintgeorgetaybeh.org/ Greek Orthodox Church of St. George], Taybeh (Palestine)
+
**[http://www.saintgeorgetaybeh.org/ Greek Orthodox Church of St. George], Taybeh (Palestine)
===Metochia of the the Holy Sepulcher in America===
 
#[http://theholysepulcher.org/ Monastery of the Holy Cross] (Long Island, New York)
 
#[http://monastery.org/ Monastery of the Glorious Ascension] (Resaca, Georgia)
 
#[http://jerusalemusa.org/direcotry.htm/ Link to directory of the Jerusalem Orthodox Communities in America]
 
----
 
 
*[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/features/ Interviews with Christians in the Holy Land] ([[Ancient Faith Radio]])
 
*[http://ancientfaith.com/podcasts/features/ Interviews with Christians in the Holy Land] ([[Ancient Faith Radio]])
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=16&IndexView=toc Eastern Christian Churches: The Patriarchate of Jerusalem] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar
+
*[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=16&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 Eastern Christian Churches: The Patriarchate of Jerusalem] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar
 
*[http://www.geocities.com/rev_alexander2000/ Rum Orthodox Ivri: The Website of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Community within Israeli Society], served by Fr. Alexander Winogradsky, a priest of Jewish ethnicity serving mainly in Hebrew
 
*[http://www.geocities.com/rev_alexander2000/ Rum Orthodox Ivri: The Website of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Community within Israeli Society], served by Fr. Alexander Winogradsky, a priest of Jewish ethnicity serving mainly in Hebrew
*[http://www.monastery.org/ Epitropia of the Holy Sepulchre in America]
 
*[http://www.yvelia.com/greekcommunity/ The Greek Orthodox Community of Jerusalem / Greek Colony, Jerusalem, Israel]
 
  
===Jaffa Gate Deal and Recognition Issues 2004-2007===
 
* Moran, Dominic. [http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=11310 The Battle for Jerusalem]. '''ISN Security Watch'''. 18 May, 2005.
 
* Morenatti, Emilio. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901050606-1066874,00.html An Unorthodox Deal?]. '''TIME''', 29 May, 2005.
 
* Rapoport, Meron. [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/820990.html Burnt Offerings]. '''Haaretz.com''', 9 February, 2007.
 
* The Associated Press. [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/14/europe/EU-REL-Greece-Jordan-Patriarch.php Embattled Jerusalem Patriarch says he is still supported by Jordan's King.] '''International Herald Tribune'''. 14 May, 2007.
 
* [http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/71899.html Solution looming in Jerusalem Orthodox Church row]. '''Earthtimes.org''', 12 June, 2007.
 
* [http://www.hri.org/news/greek/ana/2007/07-06-14.ana.html#06 Jordan reverses decision over Jerusalem Patriarch]. '''Athens News Agency'''. 14 June, 2007.
 
* Lefkovits, Etgar. [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1183053087602 Greece's Government urges Israelis to recognize Greek Orthodox Patriarch]. '''The Jerusalem Post'''. 2 July, 2007.
 
* Mackenzie, Nick. [http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/news/?NewsID=878 Athens appeals to Israelis over Patriarch]. '''Religious Intelligence''', 3 July, 2007.
 
* Theros, Patrick Nickolas (US Ambassador). [http://www.orthodoxnews.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=EditorialsOpinion.one&content_id=16261&CFID=70157138&CFTOKEN=45352409 Jerusalem and Greece: Dora’s Staunch Defense of Religious Freedom Gives Church in Holy Land Respite].'''The National Herald''', 20 July, 2007.
 
* Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/Articles/en-US/20122007_KL1214.htm Briefing of Greek government regarding the Israeli Cabinet’s recognition of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch].16 December, 2007.
 
* European Jewish Press. [http://www.ejpress.org/article/22658 Israel takes two years to recognise Greek Patriarch]. 18 December, 2007. 
 
* Israel National News. [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/124634 Pro-PLO Greek Orthodox Church Leader Ousted]. 19 December, 2007.
 
  
 
{{churches}}
 
{{churches}}
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[[es:Iglesia Ortodoxa de Jerusalén]]
 
[[es:Iglesia Ortodoxa de Jerusalén]]
 +
[[fr:Église de Jérusalem]]
 
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ierusalimului]]
 
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ierusalimului]]
 +
[[ru:Иерусалимская православная церковь]]

Revision as of 13:12, February 22, 2015

Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Church of Jerusalem
Founder(s) The Apostles
Autocephaly/Autonomy declared Traditional
Autocephaly/Autonomy recognized 451 by Fourth Ecumenical Council
Current primate Patr. Theophilus
Headquarters Jerusalem, Israel
Primary territory Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States (except Kuwait)
Possessions abroad United States, South America
Liturgical language(s) Greek, English, Arabic
Musical tradition Byzantine Chant
Calendar Julian
Population estimate 130,000
Official website Church of Jerusalem

The Church of Jerusalem is the "Mother of all Churches" of all of Christendom, because it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of Pentecost with the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples of Jesus Christ. From Jerusalem the gospel of Christ was spread to the world.

As Christianity spread, and the persecutions of the Jews by Roman authorities in their homeland increased, causing the dispersion of many of the Christians from Jerusalem, the import of this church and its impact on the ongoing life of the whole Church diminished. As other churches gained ascendency, namely the Churches of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Antioch, the Church of Jerusalem was accorded a place of honor with them among the five original Christian patriarchates of the Christian world, called the Pentarchy.

The Church of Jerusalem remains the custodian of many of the holy sites in Jerusalem and environs, sometimes jointly with Roman Catholic or Coptic or Armenian Christians, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

Lately there has been criticism of the church leadership by Palestinian faithful, who accuse the Greek-speaking and largely Greek-born leadership of squandering their money and treating their Arabic-speaking members as second-class faithful.

Following the deposition of Patriarch Irenaios I amidst scandals regarding the transfer of land to Jewish control, the Holy Synod of the church named as their temporary primate His Eminence Metropolitan Cornelius (Rodousakis) of Petra. On August 22, 2005, the Holy Synod unanimously elected the former Archbishop of Tabor, Theophilus, as the 141st Patriarch of Jerusalem.

Places of importance

Monasteries

  1. The Holy Lavra of St. Savas the Hegiasmenos (Mar Saba)
  2. The Monastery of St. George the Hozevitou (location)
  3. The Monastery of St. Martha and Mary (Bethany)
  4. The Monastery of The Holy Archangels (Andromedos)
  5. The Monastery of St. Eythymios the Great (Khan-Ahmar)

There are 25 monasteries within the city of Jerusalem:

  1. The Holy Monastery of Abraam, a dependency of the Holy Sepulchre
  2. The Holy Monastery of St. Haralampus
  3. The Holy Monastery of the Forerunner
  4. The Holy Monastery of the Archangels
  5. The Holy Monastery of St. Nicholas
  6. The Holy Monastery of Ss. Theodore
  7. The Holy Monastery of St. George the Jew
  8. The Holy Monastery of St. George of the hospital
  9. The Holy Monastery of St. Basil
  10. The Holy Monastery of St. Katherine
  11. The Holy Monastery of St. Spyridon
  12. The Holy Monastery of St. Nikodemus
  13. The Holy Monastery of the Praetorium
  14. The Holy Monastery of St. Anne, the Mother of the Theotokos
  15. The Holy Monastery of St. Symeon of Katamonas
  16. The Holy Monastery of the Holy Cross
  17. The Holy Monastery of St. Onouphrious
  18. The Holy Monastery of St. Sion, also the Patriarchal Theological college
  19. The Holy Monastery of St. Stephen
  20. The Holy Monastery of St. Panteleimon
  21. The Holy Monastery of the Resurrection
  22. The Holy Monastery of St. Modestos
  23. The Holy Monastery of the Great Panagia (female)
  24. The Holy Monastery of St. Euthymios (female)
  25. The Holy Monastery of Panagia "Seidanagias"

There are two churches in Jerusalem, the Church of St. Demetrios and the Church of St. Thekla. There is also the cathedral church of St. James the Brother of the Lord, which also has two chapels dedicated to the Myrrh-bearers and the Forty Holy Martyrs of Jerusalem. The chapel of the Forty Holy Martyrs holds the relics of all the patriarchs of Jerusalem.

Saints and Elders

The Holy Land has been primarily sanctified by the presence of Christ, however, through his divine economy, the Holy Land has also generated a cloud of Martyrs, Hierarchs and Saints. Some of these include:

See also

External links



Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy
Autocephalous Churches
Four Ancient Patriarchates: Constantinople · Alexandria · Antioch · Jerusalem
Russia · Serbia · Romania · Bulgaria · Georgia · Cyprus · Greece · Poland · Albania · Czech Lands and Slovakia · OCA* · Ukraine*
Autonomous Churches
Sinai · Finland · Estonia* · Japan* · China* · Ukraine*
The * designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.