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===Schism over Chalcedon===
[[Image:Hama church.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The Church of the Entrance of the Theotokos in Hama, Syria]]
Disputes over the [[Christology]] of the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] at Chalcedon—the [[Monophysitism|Monophysite]] controversy— in 451 led to a [[schism]] within the Church of Antioch, which at that same council was elevated to the status of a [[patriarchate]]. The larger group at the time repudiated the council and became the [[Church of Antioch (Jacobite)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] (also called the "Jacobites" for [[Jacob Baradeus]], an early bishop of theirs who did extensive missionary work in the region). They currently constitute part of the [[Oriental Orthodox]] communion and maintain a Christology somewhat different in language from that of [[Chalcedon]].
The remainder of the Church of Antioch, primarily local Greeks or Hellenized sections of the indigenous population, remained in communion with Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem. This is the current ''Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East'' which is considered by the other bishops of the Orthodox Church to be the sole legitimate heir to the [[see]] of Antioch.
