Difference between revisions of "Apocatastasis"

From OrthodoxWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 22: Line 22:
 
===[[Clement of Alexandria]]===
 
===[[Clement of Alexandria]]===
 
===[[Gregory of Nyssa]]===
 
===[[Gregory of Nyssa]]===
 +
 +
 +
===[[Evagrius]]===
 
===[[Isaac of Syria]]===
 
===[[Isaac of Syria]]===
===[[Maximus the Confessor]]===
 
  
The decision of Constantinopoleus Counsil of 453 year, confirmed by V Ecumenical Counsil (=12 anathematism): 
+
* Firstly doctrine of Origen about apocatastasis has been condemned on three local counsils in 400 year - the Alexandria counsil, under presidency of patriarch Pheofilos, the Cyprian counsil, under presidency of st. Epifanios of Cyprius, and the Roman counsil, under presidency of pope Anastasius I.
'''"Who speaks or thinks, that punishment of demons and impious people temporarily and  after some time it will have the end or after that will be restoration of demons and impious people, - anathema!"'''
 
  
==Modern Advocates==
+
* The decision of Constantinopoleus Counsil of 453 year, confirmed by V Ecumenical Counsil (=12 anathematism)
Known proponenents of a qualified doctrine of apocatastasis within the Orthodox Church include:
 
*Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]
 
*[[Nicolas Berdyaev]]
 
*archpriest Sergij Bulgakov
 
*Pavel Evdokimov
 
*archpriest Alexander Men
 
  
Some prominent 20th c. non-Orthodox theologians who advocated this include:
+
'''"Who speaks or thinks, that punishment of demons and impious people temporarily and  after some time it will have the end or after that will be restoration of demons and impious people, - anathema!"'''
*[http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/Balthasar/ Hans Urs von Balthasar]
 
*[http://www.firstthings.com Richard John Neuhaus]
 
*[http://www.cimmay.com/pdf/farrar.pdf F. W. Farrar]
 
*[[C. S. Lewis]] - as asserted in [http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292002-153921/unrestricted/etd.pdf "All Will Be Well"]
 
  
==Other articles of interest==
+
* In 1935 year Archiereos Council of Russian Orthodox Church, devoted to the doctrine of father S.Bulgakov, has reminded:
*[http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft0305/articles/dulles.html The Population of Hell] by Avery Cardinal Dulles, <em>First Things</em>133 (May 2003): 36-41
 
*[http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft0108/public.html#will Will all be saved?] - Richard J. Neuhaus, ''First Things'' 115 (August/September 2001): 77-104.
 
*[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3344 The Inflated Reputation of Hans Urs von Balthasar] ''New Oxford Review'', March 2000.
 
*[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=969 Is Hell Closed Up & Boarded Over?] - by David Watt, ''New Oxford Review'', Feb. 1999.
 
*[http://www.theuniversityconcourse.com/II,9,5-6-1997/Healy.htm On Hope, Heaven and Hell] - by Nick Jr. Healy, ''The University Concourse'', Volume II, Issue 9. May 6, 1997.
 
*[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=565 Von Balthasar and Salvation] - by James T. O'Connor, ''Homiletic & Pastoral Review'', July 1989.
 
*[http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/items/article/item_3987.html Adventures in New Testament Greek: ''Apocatastasis''] - a poem by Scott Cairns, ''Philokalia: New and Selected Poems'', Zoo Press, March 1, 2002.
 
  
[[Category:Theology]]
+
“It is impossible to forget,  the devil cannot repent any more, together with all to him entirely betrayed. It means, near to “ a city of the God

Revision as of 09:15, September 17, 2006

This article or section needs a cleanup to bring it to a higher standard of quality. Recommendation:
See talk page.
More detailed comments may be noted on the talk page. You can help OrthodoxWiki by editing it, especially to conform to the Style Manual and the suggestions in How to write a great article.

Also spelled "Apokatastasis."


This article or section is a stub (i.e., in need of additional material). You can help OrthodoxWiki by expanding it.


Definition

Apocatastasis is, in essence, the belief that hell as popularly defined does not exist. Rather, the "fires of hell" are not an eternal punishment, but a tool of divine teaching and correction, akin to purgatory.

History

Origen

St. Augustine wrote:
"I am aware that I now have to engage in a debate, devoid of rancour, those compassionate Christians who refuse to believe that the punishment of hell will be everlasting either in the case of all those men whom the completely just Judge accounts deserving of that chastisement, or at least in the case of some of them; they hold that they are to be set free after fixed limits of time have been passed, the periods being longer or shorter in proportion to the magnitude offences. On this subject the most compassionate of all was Origen who believed that the Devil himself and his angels will be rescued from their torments and brought into the company of the holy angels, after the more severe and more lasting chastisements appropriate to their deserts. But the Church has rejected Origen's teaching, and not without good reason, on account of this opinion and a number of other...
"Very different, however, is the error, promoted by tenderness of heart and human compassion, of those who suppose that the miseries of those condemned by that judgement will be temporal, whereas the felicity of all men, who are released after a shorter or longer period, will be everlasting. Now if this opinion is good and true, just because it is compassionate, then it will be the better and the truer the more compassionate it is. Then let the fountain of compassion be deepened and enlarged until it extends as far as the evil angels, who must be set free, although, of course, after many ages, and ages of any length that can be imagined! ...For all that, his error would manifestly surpass all errors in its perversity, its wrong-headed contradiction of the express words of God, by the same margin as, in his own estimation, his belief surpasses all other opinions in its clemency."
— St. Augustine of Hippo, City of God 21.17 (trans. Bettenson)

Clement of Alexandria

Gregory of Nyssa

Evagrius

Isaac of Syria

  • Firstly doctrine of Origen about apocatastasis has been condemned on three local counsils in 400 year - the Alexandria counsil, under presidency of patriarch Pheofilos, the Cyprian counsil, under presidency of st. Epifanios of Cyprius, and the Roman counsil, under presidency of pope Anastasius I.
  • The decision of Constantinopoleus Counsil of 453 year, confirmed by V Ecumenical Counsil (=12 anathematism):

"Who speaks or thinks, that punishment of demons and impious people temporarily and after some time it will have the end or after that will be restoration of demons and impious people, - anathema!"

  • In 1935 year Archiereos Council of Russian Orthodox Church, devoted to the doctrine of father S.Bulgakov, has reminded:

“It is impossible to forget, the devil cannot repent any more, together with all to him entirely betrayed. It means, near to “ a city of the God