Changes

On [[April 22]], 1902, Bishop Anthony was appointed to the Volyn and Zhitomir Zhytomyr [[cathedra]], the largest diocese of the Russian Church at that time. The new energetic bishop worked to restore canonical order in the diocese, ending simony and bribery, promoting liturgical order and love toward the flock.

By the [[ukaz|ukase]] of the Synod on [[May 19]], 1914, Bishop Anthony was appointed to the Khar'kov Kharkiv and Aktyr cathedra. After the February 1917 Revolution, he was forced to ask for retirement because of poor relations with the new authorities in his area and the discontent of certain members of his [[clergy]]. On [[May 1]], 1917, he was retired and assigned to the [[Valaam Monastery]], where he wrote his book "The Doctrine of Redemption," which later caused many arguments among Orthodox theologians. In August of 1917 he was again elected Archbishop of Khar'kov Kharkiv and Akhtyr by the Diocesan council of Khar'kovKharkiv.

In December 1918, together with Archbishop Eulogius of Volyn, he was arrested by the Symon Petliura government. The two hierarchs were held at the [[Uniate]] [[monastery]] in Buchacha. In the spring of 1919, when Buchacha was taken by Polish forces, they were transferred to the vicinity of Krakow. In the summer of 1919 they were freed through the work of the French diplomatic mission. Metropolitan Anthony lived in L'vovviv. In September 1919, he left for Kuban, then returned to Kiev, which was held by White forces of General Denikin. After Kiev was retaken by Bolsheviks in November, he left for Yekaterinodar, where he was elected as president of the Temporary Higher Church Authority of South-East Russia. After the defeat of the Denikin army, he left for Greece, where he received the support of Archbishop [[Meletius (Metaxakis)]] of Athens. In September 1920, he returned to the Crimea, which was controlled by General Wrangel. After the latter's defeat in November, he left Russia for the last time.

Between November 1920 and February 1921, Metropolitan Anthony was in [[Constantinople]]. At first he decided that the Temporary Authority should be abolished and pastoral care for displaced Russians handed over to other local churches. However, after learning of the decision of General Wrangel to retain his army for further battle with the Bolsheviks, Metropolitan Anthony decided to keep the Church organization abroad. The Temporary Authority met on [[November 19]], 1920, aboard the ship "Great Prince Alexader Mikhailovich," presided over by Metropolitan Anthony. He and Bishop [[Bemjamin Benjamin (Fedchenko)]] were appointed to examine the canonicity of the organization. On [[December 2]], 1920, they received permission from Metropolitan Dorotheos of Prussia, [[Locum Tenens]] of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], to establish "for the purpose of the service of the population ... and to oversee the ecclesiastic life of Russian colonies in Orthodox countries a temporary committee (epitropia) under the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate"; the committee was called the Temporary Higher Church Administration Abroad (THCAA). In February 1921, at the invitation of [[Patriarch]] Dimitry of Serbia, the THCAA relocated to Serbia, where, on [[August 31]], 1921, the Council of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church decided to take the organization under its protection as an independent jurisdiction for displaced Russians.

With the agreement of Patriarch Dimitry, the "General assembly of representatives of the Russian Church abroad" took place between [[November 21]] and December 2, 1921, in Sremsky Karlovtsi, Serbia. It was later renamed the [[First All-Diaspora Council]] and was presided over by Metropolitan Anthony. The Council established the "Supreme Ecclesiastic Administration Abroad" (SEAA), composed of a patriarchal Locum Tenens, a Synod of Bishops, and a Church Council. The Council decided to appoint Metropolitan Anthony the Locum Tenens, but he declined to accept the position without permission from Moscow and instead called himself the President of the SEAA. However, an Ukase of Patriarch St. Tikhon of Moscow, dated [[May 5]], 1922, abolished the SEAA and declared the political decisions of the Karlovtsy Council as not reflecting the postion of the Russian Church. Meeting in Sremsky Karlovtsy on [[September 2]], 1922, the Council of Bishops agreed to abolish the SEAA, in its place forming the Temporary Holy Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia with Metropolitan Anthony as its head by virtue of seniority. The Synod exercised direct authority over Russian [[parish]]es in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Far East. In North America, however, a conflict erupted with those who did not recognize the authority of the Synod, led by Metropolitan [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; this group formed the American Metropolia, the predecessor to the OCA. Likewise, in Western Europe, Metropolitan [[Eulogius (Georgievsky)]] also did not recognize anything more than "a moral authority" of the Synod. Metropolitan Eulogius later broke off and joined the Ecumenical Patriarchate, forming the [[Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe]], known colloquialy colloquially as the ''Rue Daru''.

In 1925, at the invitation of Randel Randell Davidson, [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], Metropolitan Anthony participated in festivities in London marking the 1600th anniversary of the [[First Ecumenical Council]]. In October of 1925, at the invitation of Romanian hierarchs, he participated in the enthronement of Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea) of Romania]].