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The central [[prayer]] of the [[Eucharist]] is the '''anaphora''' (Greek for "offering up"), although in the West it is also called the "Eucharistic Prayer", the "Canon of the Mass" or "eucharistic canon", or the "Great Thanksgiving".

Despite some variety in the structure of early anaphoras, the “Antiochene” or “West Syrian” pattern that is found in the liturgies of St John Chrysostom, St Basil, and St James, took shape by 400 CE. It contains the following eleven elements in the order given, exemplified with the corresponding text of the anaphora of St John Chrysostom.