Union of Brest - Revision history

Cristianm at 08:19, November 29, 2018

2018-11-29T08:19:24Z

Oknazevad: /* Sources */ update link

2014-11-04T17:48:00Z

‎Sources: update link

Wsk: link

2010-08-20T01:20:58Z

link

Wsk: added content and links

2010-08-18T16:00:12Z

added content and links

Wsk: correction

2009-12-13T00:49:38Z

correction

ASDamick at 03:34, January 27, 2009

2009-01-27T03:34:07Z

ASDamick: cleanup, Orthodoxize

2009-01-27T03:33:53Z

cleanup, Orthodoxize

ASDamick: /* External Links */

2009-01-27T03:25:20Z

‎External Links

Kadylo: /* Background */

2009-01-27T00:05:04Z

‎Background

Kadylo: /* Background */

2009-01-27T00:03:40Z

‎Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:19, November 29, 2018
Line 26:		Line 26:
	[[Category:Church History]]		[[Category:Church History]]
	[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]		[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]
		+
		+	[[ro:Unirea de la Brest-Litovsk]]

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ==Sources==
 * ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]
-* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 Wikipedia:Union of Brest]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Brest Wikipedia:Union of Brest]
 * ''Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest'' by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)
 *[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/O/BoretskyYov.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine - BoretskyYov]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 At the synod in Brest six out of eight Orthodox bishops&mdash;including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza&mdash;supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the empire, including the Greek-Catholics.
-In 1620 Patriarch [[Theophanes III of Jerusalem]] arrived in Kiev and consecrated an Orthodox hierarchy, including Job (Boretsky) as Metropolitan of Kiev, for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
+In 1620 Patriarch [[Theophanes III of Jerusalem]] arrived in Kiev and consecrated an Orthodox hierarchy, including [[Job (Boretsky) of Kiev|Job (Boretsky)]] as Metropolitan of Kiev, for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
 ==Sources==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 At the synod in Brest six out of eight Orthodox bishops&mdash;including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza&mdash;supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the empire, including the Greek-Catholics.
-In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes III of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
+In 1620 Patriarch [[Theophanes III of Jerusalem]] arrived in Kiev and consecrated an Orthodox hierarchy, including Job (Boretsky) as Metropolitan of Kiev, for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
 ==Sources==
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 Wikipedia:Union of Brest]
 * ''Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest'' by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)
 ==External link==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 At the synod in Brest six out of eight Orthodox bishops&mdash;including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza&mdash;supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the empire, including the Greek-Catholics.
-In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
+In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes III of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from that point onwards.
 ==Sources==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:34, January 27, 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The '''Union of Brest''' ~~refers to~~ the 1595-1596 decision of a number of Orthodox bishops in the region of what is modern Ukraine, Poland and Belarus ("Rus'") to depart from the Orthodox Church and place themselves under the [[Roman Catholic Church\|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia\|Patriarch of Moscow]]. Thus was formed the '''Unia''', from whence derives the term '''''Uniate'''''.	+	The '''Union of Brest''' was the 1595-1596 decision of a number of Orthodox bishops in the region of what is modern Ukraine, Poland and Belarus ("Rus'") to depart from the Orthodox Church and place themselves under the [[Roman Catholic Church\|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia\|Patriarch of Moscow]]. Thus was formed the '''Unia''', from whence derives the term '''''Uniate'''''.

	At the time, the church in the area included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.		At the time, the church in the area included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
+The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of a number of Orthodox bishops in the region of what is modern Ukraine, Poland and Belarus ("Rus'") to depart from the Orthodox Church and place themselves under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]].  Thus was formed the '''Unia''', from whence derives the term '''''Uniate'''''.
-The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic and Orthodox jurisdictions.
+At the time, the church in the area included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it lost much of its initial support.  In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
 ==Background==
-{{style}}
+A large area in the southwest of the Rusyn Empire became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Rus' was known as ''Little Rus''' (which in Latin became ''Ruthenia''); this is the territory that is present day Ukraine.  In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler.  The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Orthodox.  These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland.
-The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East.
+The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the church in the area was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the church.  Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to the status of patriarchate.  The bishops of the Rus' were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East.
-At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.
+At the synod in Brest six out of eight Orthodox bishops&mdash;including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza&mdash;supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the empire, including the Greek-Catholics.
 ==Sources==
 * ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]
-* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 Wikipedia:Union of Brest]
-[[Category:Church History]]
+* ''Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest'' by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)
 ==External link==
 * [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 * <I> Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest </I> by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)
-==External Links==
+==External link==
 * [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]