Byzantine Revival Architecture - Revision history

Angellight 888 at 00:23, June 4, 2012

2012-06-04T00:23:47Z

Angellight 888 at 20:54, February 13, 2012

2012-02-13T20:54:59Z

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Angellight 888: moved Neo-Byzantine architecture to Byzantine Revival Architecture: preferred / more common term;

2012-02-13T20:16:47Z

moved Neo-Byzantine architecture to Byzantine Revival Architecture: preferred / more common term;

Angellight 888: minor edits;

2012-02-13T20:13:04Z

minor edits;

Angellight 888: /* Gallery */ add image;

2012-02-11T19:29:13Z

‎Gallery: add image;

Angellight 888: /* Gallery */ add St Vladimir's cathedral;

2011-09-24T03:03:44Z

‎Gallery: add St Vladimir's cathedral;

Angellight 888: /* Gallery */

2011-06-04T14:46:53Z

‎Gallery

Angellight 888: /* Gallery */

2010-12-21T00:32:46Z

‎Gallery

Angellight 888: add source

2010-09-17T02:36:28Z

add source

Angellight 888: /* Gallery */ link

2010-09-17T01:00:02Z

‎Gallery: link

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 Notable American examples include many buildings on the campus of Rice University in Texas, [[w:St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)|St. Francis de Sales Church]] in Philadelphia, [[w:Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis|Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis]] and the [[w:Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception|Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]] built between 1920 and 1959 in Washington, D.C. In the early 1980s, famed American architect [[w:Philip Johnson|Philip Johnson]] designed a [[w:Post-Modernist|Post-Modernist]] addition to the Cleveland Play House that reflects Byzantine influences, and could thus be termed Neo-Byzantine.
 ==United Kingdom==
-From about 1850 to 1880 in the English city of Bristol a related style known as [[w:Bristol Byzantine|Bristol Byzantine]] was popular for industrial buildings which combined elements of the [[Byzantine style]] with [[w:Moorish architecture|Moorish architecture]].
+From about 1850 to 1880 in the English city of Bristol a related style known as [[w:Bristol Byzantine|Bristol Byzantine]] was popular for industrial buildings which combined elements of the Byzantine style with [[w:Moorish architecture|Moorish architecture]]. In South London there is Christ Church, North Brixton by Beresford Pite, 1897-1903. Just a few metres from the Oval Cricket Ground.
 ==See also==
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 Image:Catedral Metropolitana Ortodoxa de São Paulo-Brazil (Church of Antioch).JPG|Cathedral in Sao Paulo of the Orthodox Church of Antioch (1940s-)
 Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.

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 [[Image:AlexanderNevskiCathedral.jpg|right|thumb|230px|[[w:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia|Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia]], by [[w:Alexander Pomerantsev|Alexander Pomerantsev]].]]
-'''Neo-Byzantine architecture''' is an [[w:Revivalism (architecture)|architectural revival style]], most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It emerged in 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of 19th century in the Russian Empire. An isolated Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia between World War I and World War II.
+The '''Byzantine Revival''' or '''Neo-Byzantine''' movement was an [[w:Revivalism (architecture)|architectural revival]] movement most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of 19th century in the Russian Empire; an isolated Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia between World War I and World War II.
-Neo-Byzantine architecture incorporates elements of the [[Byzantine style]] associated with [[w:Eastern Christian|Eastern]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople and the Exarchate of [[Ravenna]]. The style is characterized by round arches, vaults and domes, brick and stucco surfaces, symbolic ornamentation, and the use of decorative mosaics.
+Neo-Byzantine architecture incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with [[w:Eastern Christian|Eastern]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople and the Exarchate of [[Ravenna]]. The style is characterized by round arches, vaults and domes, brick and stucco surfaces, symbolic ornamentation, and the use of decorative mosaics.
 ==German countries==
-[[Image:Christuskirche Matzleinsdorf Wien.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Christuskirche in Matzleindorf, 1858—1860]]
+[[Image:Christuskirche Matzleinsdorf Wien.jpg|thumb|right|140px|Christuskirche in Matzleindorf, 1858—1860]]
 Earliest example of emerging Byzantine-[[w:Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] architecture was the [[w:St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich|Abbey of Saint Boniface]], laid down by Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1835 and completed in 1840. The basilica followed the rules of 6th century [[Ravenna]] architecture, although its [[w:corinthian order|corinthian order]] was a clear deviation from the historical Byzantine art. In 1876 Ludwig II of Bavaria commissioned Neo-Byzantine interiors of the Neuschwanstein Castle, complete with mosaic images of [[Justinian I]] and Greek saints.
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 [[w:Sophia Cathedral|Sophia Cathedral]] in Pushkin (1782—1788) was the earliest and isolated experiment with Byzantine treatment of otherwise [[w:neoclassicism|neoclassical]] structures. In 1830s [[w:Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I of Russia]] promoted the so-called ''Russo-Byzantine'' style of churches designed by [[w:Konstantin Thon|Konstantin Thon]]. Nicholas I despised true Byzantine art; Thon's style in fact had little common with it. Notably, Thon routinely replaced the circular Byzantine arch with a keel-shaped gable, and the hemispherical Byzantine dome with an onion dome; layout and structural scheme of his churches clearly belonged to neoclassical standard.
-True Byzantine art, popularized by [[w:Grigory Gagarin|Grigory Gagarin]] and [[w:David Grimm|David Grimm]], was adopted by [[w:Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II of Russia]] as the de-facto official style of the Orthodox Church. Byzantine architecture became a vehicle of Orthodox expansion on the frontiers of Empire (Congress Poland, [[w:Crimea|Crimea]], the [[w:Caucasus|Caucasus]]). However, few buildings were completed in Alexander II reign due to financial troubles. [[w:Alexander II of Russia|Alexander III]] changed state preference in favor of [[Russian Revival]] trend based on 16th-17th century Moscow and Yaroslavl tradition, yet Byzantine architecture remained a common choice, especially for large cathedrals. Neo-Byzantine cathedrals concentrated in the western provinces (Poland, Lithuania), the Army bases in Caucasus and [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]], the Cossack hosts and the industrial region in [[w:Urals|Urals]] around the city of Perm. Architects [[w:David Grimm|David Grimm]] and [[w:Vasily Kosyakov|Vasily Kosyakov]] developed a unique national type of a single-dome Byzantine cathedral with four symmetrical [[w:pendetive|pendetive]] apses that became de-facto standard in 1880s-1890s.
+True Byzantine art, popularized by [[w:Grigory Gagarin|Grigory Gagarin]] and [[w:David Grimm|David Grimm]], was adopted by [[w:Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II of Russia]] as the de-facto official style of the Orthodox Church. Byzantine architecture became a vehicle of Orthodox expansion on the frontiers of Empire (Congress Poland, [[w:Crimea|Crimea]], the [[w:Caucasus|Caucasus]]). However, few buildings were completed in Alexander II reign due to financial troubles. [[w:Alexander II of Russia|Alexander III]] changed state preference in favor of Russian Revival trend based on 16th-17th century Moscow and Yaroslavl tradition, yet Byzantine architecture remained a common choice, especially for large cathedrals. Neo-Byzantine cathedrals concentrated in the western provinces (Poland, Lithuania), the Army bases in Caucasus and [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]], the Cossack hosts and the industrial region in [[w:Urals|Urals]] around the city of Perm. Architects [[w:David Grimm|David Grimm]] and [[w:Vasily Kosyakov|Vasily Kosyakov]] developed a unique national type of a single-dome Byzantine cathedral with four symmetrical [[w:pendetive|pendetive]] apses that became de-facto standard in 1880s-1890s.
 The reign of [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] was notable for the architects's turn from this standard back to [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]] legacy, peaking in the [[w:Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt|Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt]] and [[w:Poti|Poti]] cathedral. These designs employed reinforced concrete that allowed very fast construction schedule; their interiors contained clear references to contemporary [[w:Art Nouveau|Art Nouveau]] yet the exteriors were a clear homage to medieval Constantinople. Russian Neo-Byzantine tradition was terminated by the [[w:Russian revolution of 1917|revolution of 1917]] but was continued by emigrant architects in Yugoslavia and [[w:Harbin|Harbin]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, February 11, 2012
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	Image:Catedral Metropolitana Ortodoxa de São Paulo-Brazil (Church of Antioch).JPG\|Cathedral in Sao Paulo of the Orthodox Church of Antioch (1940s-)		Image:Catedral Metropolitana Ortodoxa de São Paulo-Brazil (Church of Antioch).JPG\|Cathedral in Sao Paulo of the Orthodox Church of Antioch (1940s-)
		+
		+	File:St Francis de Sales (Philadelphia).jpg\|[[w:St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church (Philadelphia)\|St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church]], Philadelphia (1907).

	Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.		Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:03, September 24, 2011
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	Image:Kauno soboras 2007-04-06.jpg\|[[w:St. Michael the Archangel Church, Kaunas\|St. Michael the Archangel Church in Kaunas]], Lithuania, was built in Roman-Byzantine style.		Image:Kauno soboras 2007-04-06.jpg\|[[w:St. Michael the Archangel Church, Kaunas\|St. Michael the Archangel Church in Kaunas]], Lithuania, was built in Roman-Byzantine style.
		+
		+	Image:Храм святого Владимира 5.jpg\|The [[w:Chersonesus Cathedral\|Saint Vladimir Cathedral]] in [[w:Chersonesus Taurica\|Chersonesus]], 19th century, commemorating the presumed place of [[Vladimir of Kiev\|St. Vladimir]]'s baptism, (1850 - ).

	Image:St Petersburg Dmitry Solunsky church.jpg\|Church of Dmitry Solunsky in Saint Petersburg (1861–1866) by Roman Kuzmin.		Image:St Petersburg Dmitry Solunsky church.jpg\|Church of Dmitry Solunsky in Saint Petersburg (1861–1866) by Roman Kuzmin.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, June 4, 2011
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	Image:Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece.jpg\|Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece. Designed by renowned Greek architect Aristotelis Zachos (1871-1939).		Image:Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece.jpg\|Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece. Designed by renowned Greek architect Aristotelis Zachos (1871-1939).
		+
		+	Image:Catedral Metropolitana Ortodoxa de São Paulo-Brazil (Church of Antioch).JPG\|Cathedral in Sao Paulo of the Orthodox Church of Antioch (1940s-)

	Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.		Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:16, February 13, 2012
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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:32, December 21, 2010
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	Image:Belogorsky Monastery, near Kungir, in the Perm District of Russia.jpg\|[[Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral (Perm Krai, Russia)\|Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral]], Russia. Begun 1902; Consecration, 7 June 1917. Also known as the “Urals Athos.”		Image:Belogorsky Monastery, near Kungir, in the Perm District of Russia.jpg\|[[Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral (Perm Krai, Russia)\|Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral]], Russia. Begun 1902; Consecration, 7 June 1917. Also known as the “Urals Athos.”
		+
		+	Image:Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece.jpg\|Metropolitan Church of St Nicholas - Volos, Greece. Designed by renowned Greek architect Aristotelis Zachos (1871-1939).

	Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.		Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg\|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral\|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.

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 ==Further reading==
 * Anthony Cutler. ''The Tyranny of Hagia Sophia: Notes on Greek Orthodox Church Design in the United States.'' '''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.''' Vol. 31, No. 1 (Mar., 1972), pp. 38-50.
 [[Category:Church architecture]]

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 Image:Temple Saint Sava.jpg|[[w:Temple of Saint Sava|Temple of Saint Sava]], Belgrade (1935-41, 1985-present), by [[w:Aleksandar Deroko|Aleksandar Deroko]].
-Image:Belogorsky Monastery, near Kungir, in the Perm District of Russia.jpg|Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral, Russia. Begun 1902; Consecration, 7 June 1917. Also known as the “Urals Athos.”
+Image:Belogorsky Monastery, near Kungir, in the Perm District of Russia.jpg|[[Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral (Perm Krai, Russia)|Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral]], Russia. Begun 1902; Consecration, 7 June 1917. Also known as the “Urals Athos.”
 Image:Cathedralmajormarseille.jpg|Romano-Byzantine style [[w:Marseille Cathedral|Cathedral de la Major]] (1852-93) in Marseilles.