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Irenei (Steenberg) of Sacramento

Hafvindur — Mon, 02 Nov 2026 08:05:34 GMT

Add bishop infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:05, November 2, 2026
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			{{Bishop
			\| name = Bishop Irenei (Steenberg)
			\| rank = [[Bishop]]
			\| title = Bishop of London and Western Europe
			\| church = [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
			\| previous = Bishop of Sacramento, vicar of the Western American Diocese (from 2016)
			\| birth_name = Matthew Craig Steenberg
			\| born = 1978, Okinawa, Japan
			\| deacon = August 28, 2007, London
			\| tonsure = March 8, 2010, as Irenaeus
			\| priest = March 14, 2010, San Francisco
			\| consecrated = November 7, 2016, as Bishop of Sacramento
			}}
	His Grace, '''Bishop Irenei''' (or '''Irenaeus''', secular name '''Matthew Craig Steenberg''') is a [[bishop]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].		His Grace, '''Bishop Irenei''' (or '''Irenaeus''', secular name '''Matthew Craig Steenberg''') is a [[bishop]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].

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	== Writings ==		== Writings ==
	===Recent Books, Book Contributions & Scholarly Articles===		===Recent Books, Book Contributions & Scholarly Articles===
	* ‘God’, in J. Bingham (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought (New York: Routledge, 2009).		* ‘God’, in J. Bingham (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought (New York: Routledge, 2009).
	* Of God and Man: Theology as Anthropology from Irenaeus to Athanasius (T&T Clark, 2009).		* Of God and Man: Theology as Anthropology from Irenaeus to Athanasius (T&T Clark, 2009).
	* [http://books.google.ru/books/about/Irenaeus_on_Creation.html?id=HQ8Mqk_I0pEC&redir_esc=y Irenaeus on Creation: The Cosmic Christ and the Saga of Redemption (Brill, 2008). ]		* [http://books.google.ru/books/about/Irenaeus_on_Creation.html?id=HQ8Mqk_I0pEC&redir_esc=y Irenaeus on Creation: The Cosmic Christ and the Saga of Redemption (Brill, 2008).]
	* A Century on Prayer, Orthodox Word no. 268 (2009).		* A Century on Prayer, Orthodox Word no. 268 (2009).
	* The Orthodox Study Bible: Septuagint Old Testament (California: Thomas Nelson Publishers, February 2008) — editor, translator, and chair of prophetical books translations.		* The Orthodox Study Bible: Septuagint Old Testament (California: Thomas Nelson Publishers, February 2008) — editor, translator, and chair of prophetical books translations.
	* ‘The Church’, in M. Cunningham - Corran and E. Theokritoff (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Orthodox Theology (Cambridge: The University Press, 2008).		* ‘The Church’, in M. Cunningham - Corran and E. Theokritoff (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Orthodox Theology (Cambridge: The University Press, 2008).
	* ‘An exegesis of conformity: textual subversion of subversive texts’, in K. Cooper and J. Gregory (eds.), Discipline and Diversity (Studies in Church History, vol. 43; Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2007).		* ‘An exegesis of conformity: textual subversion of subversive texts’, in K. Cooper and J. Gregory (eds.), Discipline and Diversity (Studies in Church History, vol. 43; Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2007).
	* ‘Scripture, graphe, and the status of Hermas in Irenaeus’, St Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly 53.1 (2009) 29-66.		* ‘Scripture, graphe, and the status of Hermas in Irenaeus’, St Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly 53.1 (2009) 29-66.
	* ‘Taking Stock of our Struggle’, Orthodox Word 44.263 (2008[9]).		* ‘Taking Stock of our Struggle’, Orthodox Word 44.263 (2008[9]).
	* ‘Impatience and Humanity’s Sinful State in Tertullian of Carthage’, Vigiliae Christianae 62 (2008) 107-132.		* ‘Impatience and Humanity’s Sinful State in Tertullian of Carthage’, Vigiliae Christianae 62 (2008) 107-132.
	* ‘Sinful nature as second nature in Tertullian of Carthage’, Studia Patristica (2010).		* ‘Sinful nature as second nature in Tertullian of Carthage’, Studia Patristica (2010).
	* ‘Two-natured man: an anthropology of transfiguration’, Pro Ecclesia 14.4 (2005) 413-432.		* ‘Two-natured man: an anthropology of transfiguration’, Pro Ecclesia 14.4 (2005) 413-432.
	* ‘To test or preserve? The prohibition of Gen 2.16-17 in the thought of two second-century exegetes’ [Irenaeus and Theophilus], Gregorianum 86 (2005) 723-741.		* ‘To test or preserve? The prohibition of Gen 2.16-17 in the thought of two second-century exegetes’ [Irenaeus and Theophilus], Gregorianum 86 (2005) 723-741.
	* ‘Children in Paradise: Adam and Eve as “infants” in Irenaeus of Lyons’, Journal of Early Christian Studies		* ‘Children in Paradise: Adam and Eve as “infants” in Irenaeus of Lyons’, Journal of Early Christian Studies
	* ‘The role of Mary as co-recapitulator in St Irenaeus of Lyons’, Vigiliae Christianae 58.2 (2004) 117-137.		* ‘The role of Mary as co-recapitulator in St Irenaeus of Lyons’, Vigiliae Christianae 58.2 (2004) 117-137.
	* ‘The Mother of God as mediatrix in Orthodox and Roman Catholic thought’, Sobornost, incorporating Eastern Churches Review, 26.1 (2004) 6-26.		* ‘The Mother of God as mediatrix in Orthodox and Roman Catholic thought’, Sobornost, incorporating Eastern Churches Review, 26.1 (2004) 6-26.
	* ‘Gnomic will and a challenge to the true humanity of Christ in Maximus Confessor’, Studia Patristica 42 (2006) 237-242.		* ‘Gnomic will and a challenge to the true humanity of Christ in Maximus Confessor’, Studia Patristica 42 (2006) 237-242.
	* ‘Self and the Church: A review of E. Moore’s “Defining Orthodoxy: Is it Possible?”’, Theandros: An Online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology and Philosophy <www.theandros.com> 1/1 (September 2003).		* ‘Self and the Church: A review of E. Moore’s “Defining Orthodoxy: Is it Possible?”’, Theandros: An Online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology and Philosophy <www.theandros.com> 1/1 (September 2003).
	* ‘Rediscovering Old Testament Christianity’, Again 23.3 (2001) 4-11.		* ‘Rediscovering Old Testament Christianity’, Again 23.3 (2001) 4-11.

Stylianos of Paphlagonia

Hafvindur — Mon, 02 Nov 2026 07:57:22 GMT

Add saint infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, November 2, 2026
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	{\| ~~class~~=~~"wikitable" style="margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;float:right;width:300px;"~~		{{Saint
	~~! colspan~~=~~"2" style="background-color:gold;font-size:120%;"\|'''''Saint~~ Stylianos~~'''''~~		\| honorific_prefix = Saint
	\|-		\| name = Stylianos of Paphlagonia
	\|~~align~~=~~"center" colspan="2" \|[[Image:~~Stylianos.jpg\|180px]]		\| native_name = Στυλιανός
	\|-		\| image = Stylianos.jpg
	\|~~align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor~~=~~"gold"\|of Paphlagonia~~		\| image_size = 180px
	\|-		\| birth_date = c. 550
	~~\|'''Born'''~~		\| birth_place = Adrianopolis, Paphlagonia
	~~\|about 550,~~ Adrianopolis, Paphlagonia		\| death_place = Paphlagonia
	\|-		\| venerated_in = [[Orthodox Church]], [[Roman Catholic Church]]
	~~\|'''Died'''~~		\| feast_day = [[November 26]]
	~~\|Unknown,~~ Paphlagonia		\| attributes = Child wrapped in swaddling clothes
	\|-		\| patronage = Children, born and unborn, and orphans
	~~\|'''Venerated in'''~~		}}
	\|[[~~Roman Catholic~~ Church~~\|Roman Catholicism~~]], [[~~Eastern Orthodoxy~~]]
	\|-
	~~\|'''Major shrine'''~~
	~~\|None~~
	\|-
	~~\|'''[[Feast day\|Feast]]'''~~
	\|[[November 26]]
	\|-
	~~\|'''Attributes'''~~
	\|Child wrapped in swaddling
	\|-
	~~\|'''[[Patron saint\|Patronage]]'''~~
	\|Children, ~~both~~ born and unborn, and ~~Orphans~~
	\|-
	~~\|colspan="2"\|''Prayer''~~
	<small>Holy Stylianos, thou wast a tower of abstinence and an unshaken pillar of the Church. Dedicated to God from thy youth, thou didst become a dwelling-place of the Spirit. O righteous Father, intercede with Christ our God to grant us His great mercy.</small> [http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=311]
	\|}

	Saint '''Stylianos''' (Latin: ''Stylianus'', Greek: ''Στυλιανός'', English: ''Stylian'') was born during the 6th century in Adrianopolis in the province of Paphlagonia (in modern day Turkey) into a very wealthy family. At a young age, Stylianos joined the [[hermit]]s of the desert with a view toward cleansing his soul through a period of meditation and [[prayer]], as well as through association with men likewise pledging their lives to [[Jesus Christ]]. Unlike most other hermits, however, he did not withdraw from society altogether, preferring to go among the people for whatever good he might do, and then returning to his little cave for rest and prayerful meditation.		Saint '''Stylianos''' (Latin: ''Stylianus'', Greek: ''Στυλιανός'', English: ''Stylian'') was born during the 6th century in Adrianopolis in the province of Paphlagonia (in modern day Turkey) into a very wealthy family. At a young age, Stylianos joined the [[hermit]]s of the desert with a view toward cleansing his soul through a period of meditation and [[prayer]], as well as through association with men likewise pledging their lives to [[Jesus Christ]]. Unlike most other hermits, however, he did not withdraw from society altogether, preferring to go among the people for whatever good he might do, and then returning to his little cave for rest and prayerful meditation.

	According to the church [[tradition]], one night while he prayed for guidance in helping others, Stylianos felt a divine presence and was consumed by the great glory of the [[Holy Spirit]], emerging from his cave the next day with a spirit of exultation and serenity he had never known before. In his customary rounds, wherein he counseled and comforted, he felt compelled to place his hand on a stricken child, something he had not up to that time dared to do; he felt the power of the Lord being transferred to the ailing youngster through his extended arm. The child immediately recovered, and thenceforth Stylianos was sought after by every suffering soul for miles around, young and old. His cave became a magnet for the sick and suffering, many of whom received complete cures not only through the power in this man but through their own faith as well, without which a sufferer’s case was hopeless.		According to the church [[Holy Tradition\|tradition]], one night while he prayed for guidance in helping others, Stylianos felt a divine presence and was consumed by the great glory of the [[Holy Spirit]], emerging from his cave the next day with a spirit of exultation and serenity he had never known before. In his customary rounds, wherein he counseled and comforted, he felt compelled to place his hand on a stricken child, something he had not up to that time dared to do; he felt the power of the Lord being transferred to the ailing youngster through his extended arm. The child immediately recovered, and thenceforth Stylianos was sought after by every suffering soul for miles around, young and old. His cave became a magnet for the sick and suffering, many of whom received complete cures not only through the power in this man but through their own faith as well, without which a sufferer’s case was hopeless.

	During this period, Stylianos concerned himself primarily with children, not just the physically afflicted but also with those who were in need of spiritual guidance. Families from all walks of life were said to have entrusted to Stylianos the enlightenment of their children, and he was forced to seek out larger headquarters and to recruit from the ranks of his hermit friends the assistance needed to tend to so many. His was probably the first day-care centre in the world, where mothers could safely leave their children while tending to other matters of the home.		During this period, Stylianos concerned himself primarily with children, not just the physically afflicted but also with those who were in need of spiritual guidance. Families from all walks of life were said to have entrusted to Stylianos the enlightenment of their children, and he was forced to seek out larger headquarters and to recruit from the ranks of his hermit friends the assistance needed to tend to so many. His was probably the first day-care centre in the world, where mothers could safely leave their children while tending to other matters of the home.
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	The cheerful countenance of Stylianos was his hallmark, because he was reported to always to be smiling. According to oral histories, he was approached by greedy mercenaries with all manner of propositions for commercializing his talents and reaping a tidy fortune, but for these people he always had the same answer: that he had been paid in advance for his services when the serenity of the [[Holy Spirit]] came upon him. He would smile as they left. He lived to a ripe old age, and it is said that when he was buried his countenance still beamed with a faint smile from the light of the Lord.		The cheerful countenance of Stylianos was his hallmark, because he was reported to always to be smiling. According to oral histories, he was approached by greedy mercenaries with all manner of propositions for commercializing his talents and reaping a tidy fortune, but for these people he always had the same answer: that he had been paid in advance for his services when the serenity of the [[Holy Spirit]] came upon him. He would smile as they left. He lived to a ripe old age, and it is said that when he was buried his countenance still beamed with a faint smile from the light of the Lord.

			==Hymns==
			''Prayer''<ref name="goarch" />
			:Holy Stylianos, thou wast a tower of abstinence and an unshaken pillar of the Church. Dedicated to God from thy youth, thou didst become a dwelling-place of the Spirit. O righteous Father, intercede with Christ our God to grant us His great mercy.

	==Sources==		==Sources==
	* [[w:~~Stylianos_of_Paphlagonia~~]]		* [[w:Stylianos of Paphlagonia\|Stylianos of Paphlagonia]] at Wikipedia
	* [http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=311&type=saints Stylianos the Monk of Paphlagonia] ([[GOARCH]])		* [http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=311&type=saints Stylianos the Monk of Paphlagonia] ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America\|GOARCH]])

			==References==
			<references>
			<ref name="goarch">[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=311&type=saints Stylianos the Monk of Paphlagonia] ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America\|GOARCH]])</ref>
			</references>

	[[Category:Saints]]		[[Category:Saints]]

St. Daniel Monastery (Moscow)

Hafvindur — Mon, 02 Nov 2026 07:43:57 GMT

Add monastery infobox, add links

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, November 2, 2026
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	~~[[Image:~~DanilovMonGateTower.jpg\|~~right\|thumb\|~~200px\|Church of St. Simeon the Stylite and ~~Bell Tower~~ over the ~~Gate~~, St. Daniel ~~Monastery,~~ Moscow]]		{{Monastery
	'''St. Daniel Monastery''', also '''Danilov Monastery''' - Russian: Данилов монастырь, located in Moscow, Russia, is the residence of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The [[monastery]] was founded by the Grand Prince [[Daniel of Moscow\|Daniel]] about the year 1282. The monastery was closed by the Soviet government in 1930. The cemeteries were destroyed and the buildings re-fitted for secular use. After being returned to the [[Church of Russia]] in 1983, the monastery has been rebuilt and has become the spiritual center for the Russian Orthodox Church and the official residence of the Patriarch of the [[Church of Russia]].		\| name = St. Daniel Monastery
			\| image = DanilovMonGateTower.jpg
			\| image_size = 200px
			\| caption = Church of St. Simeon the Stylite and bell tower over the gate
			\| jurisdiction = [[Church of Russia]], directly under the Patriarch of Moscow
			\| type = Male monastery
			\| founded = c. 1282
			\| hq = Moscow, Russia
			\| feasts = [[Daniel of Moscow (prince)\|St. Daniel of Moscow]]: [[March 4]] and [[August 30]]
			\| website = [http://www.msdm.ru/eng/ Official website]
			}}
			'''St. Daniel Monastery''', also '''Danilov Monastery''' - Russian: Данилов монастырь, located in Moscow, Russia, is the residence of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The [[Monasticism\|monastery]] was founded by the Grand Prince [[Daniel of Moscow (prince)\|Daniel]] about the year 1282. The monastery was closed by the Soviet government in 1930. The cemeteries were destroyed and the buildings re-fitted for secular use. After being returned to the [[Church of Russia]] in 1983, the monastery has been rebuilt and has become the spiritual center for the Russian Orthodox Church and the official residence of the Patriarch of the [[Church of Russia]].

	==History==		==History==
	The monastery was founded by the Grand Prince Daniel at a site on the Moscow River about five miles from the Moscow Kremlin. This site, next to a wooden [[church]] of St. Daniel the Stylite, was the first monastery in Moscow. After his repose in March 1303, Prince Daniel, who had taken monastic vows late in his life, was buried in the monastery cemetery.		The monastery was founded by the Grand Prince Daniel at a site on the Moscow River about five miles from the Moscow Kremlin. This site, next to a wooden [[church]] of St. [[Daniel the Stylite]], was the first monastery in Moscow. After his repose in March 1303, Prince Daniel, who had taken monastic vows late in his life, was buried in the monastery cemetery.

	After the death of Prince Daniel, the monastery remained small for 250 years consisting only of a wooden church and a cemetery. Yet, the site of Prince Daniel’s grave became the scene of many miracles and cases of miraculous healings. This led to a revival of [[monasticism\|monastic]] life at monastery in the sixteenth century. During the reign of Ivan IV (the Terrible), construction began of the first church in the monastery built of stone: the Church of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils.		After the death of Prince Daniel, the monastery remained small for 250 years consisting only of a wooden church and a cemetery. Yet, the site of Prince Daniel’s grave became the scene of many miracles and cases of miraculous healings. This led to a revival of [[monasticism\|monastic]] life at the monastery in the sixteenth century. During the reign of Ivan IV (the Terrible), construction began of the first church in the monastery built of stone: the Church of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils.

	In 1330, brethren from St. Daniel’s Monastery were moved to the new Monastery of the Saviour in the Kremlin. In 1490, the Saviour Monastery was moved again during the reign of Ivan IV to a site on Krutitsky Hill under the name of New Saviour Monastery. Thus, this major Moscow monastery traces its origins back to St. Daniel Monastery.		In 1330, brethren from St. Daniel’s Monastery were moved to the new Monastery of the Saviour in the Kremlin. In 1490, the Saviour Monastery was moved again during the reign of Ivan III to a site on Krutitsky Hill under the name of New Saviour Monastery. Thus, this major Moscow monastery traces its origins back to St. Daniel Monastery.

	Since its founding, the monastery has been involved in many historical events. Situated to the south of the Moscow Kremlin, St Daniel Monastery played a role in the defense of Moscow against armies advancing on Moscow. In 1591, ~~Tatars~~ forces under the Crimean Khan Kazi-Girey were defeated before the walls of the monastery. In 1606, during the “Time of Troubles”, the rebel forces of Ivan Bolotnikov, were defeated by Tsar Basil Shuisky. In 1610, again during the Time of Troubles, the forces of the False Dimitri II (The Felon of Tushino) burned the monastery.		Since its founding, the monastery has been involved in many historical events. Situated to the south of the Moscow Kremlin, St Daniel Monastery played a role in the defense of Moscow against armies advancing on Moscow. In 1591, Tatar forces under the Crimean Khan Kazi-Girey were defeated before the walls of the monastery. In 1606, during the “Time of Troubles”, the rebel forces of Ivan Bolotnikov were defeated by Tsar Basil Shuisky. In 1610, again during the Time of Troubles, the forces of the False Dimitri II (The Felon of Tushino) burned the monastery.

	After the Time of Troubles ended with the enthronement of Michael Romanov as Tsar, the monastery was revived behind new brick walls. Later, during the French occupation of Moscow in 1812 the monastery was among the many churches and other religious places of Moscow that were robbed and desecrated. Among the items stolen from St Daniel Monastery by French soldiers was St. Daniel’s silver [[tabernacle]].		After the Time of Troubles ended with the enthronement of Michael Romanov as Tsar, the monastery was revived behind new brick walls. Later, during the French occupation of Moscow in 1812 the monastery was among the many churches and other religious places of Moscow that were robbed and desecrated. Among the items stolen from St Daniel Monastery by French soldiers was St. Daniel’s silver [[tabernacle]].

	In 1917, after the assumption of power in Russia by the Bolsheviks, Orthodox Christianity became severely restricted, including closing almost all churches and monasteries and [[martyr]]dom for much of the [[clergy]]. In 1930, St. Daniel Monastery was the last monastery closed in Moscow. After the Soviet government took control of the monastery it was rebuilt for secular purposes, Additionally, the graves of many prominent people in the St Daniel cemeteries were moved to other cemeteries. Besides St. Daniel, many prominent people had been buried in these cemeteries, including writer N. V. Gogol, the poet N. M Yazikov, the painter V. G. Perov, and the musician N. G. Rubinstein. It was during these times that the [[relics]] of St. Daniel were lost.		In 1917, after the assumption of power in Russia by the Bolsheviks, Orthodox Christianity became severely restricted, including closing almost all churches and monasteries and [[martyr]]dom for much of the [[clergy]]. In 1930, St. Daniel Monastery was the last monastery closed in Moscow. After the Soviet government took control of the monastery it was rebuilt for secular purposes. Additionally, the graves of many prominent people in the St Daniel cemeteries were moved to other cemeteries. Besides St. Daniel, many prominent people had been buried in these cemeteries, including writer N. V. Gogol, the poet N. M Yazikov, the painter V. G. Perov, and the musician N. G. Rubinstein. It was during these times that the [[relics]] of St. Daniel were lost.

	[[Image:DanilovFrsCouncils.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of Seven Ecumenical Councils, St Daniel Monastery, Moscow]]		[[Image:DanilovFrsCouncils.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of Seven Ecumenical Councils, St Daniel Monastery, Moscow]]
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	As restrictions by the government lessened in the 1980s, St. Daniel Monastery, in 1983, was the first property given back to the Russian Orthodox Church. Reconstruction of the buildings began soon afterward, in the architectural style of the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. The Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils was restored which also included the Church of the Protecting Veil of the Mother of God on the ground floor. The restored iconostasis was done in the manner of the Kostroma school.		As restrictions by the government lessened in the 1980s, St. Daniel Monastery, in 1983, was the first property given back to the Russian Orthodox Church. Reconstruction of the buildings began soon afterward, in the architectural style of the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. The Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils was restored which also included the Church of the Protecting Veil of the Mother of God on the ground floor. The restored iconostasis was done in the manner of the Kostroma school.

	The largest church within the monastery, St. Trinity Cathedral was rebuilt with an interior styled after the original. The cathedral was originally built in 1838 by the architect O. Bove in a late classic style. The main [[altar]] was originally consecrated by the sainted Metropolitan of Moscow, [[Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow \|Philaret (Drozdov)]]. The regular Sundays and festive services are celebrated in the St. Trinity Cathedral.		The largest church within the monastery, St. Trinity Cathedral was rebuilt with an interior styled after the original. The cathedral was originally built in 1838 by the architect O. Bove in a late classic style. The main [[altar]] was originally consecrated by the sainted Metropolitan of Moscow, [[Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow\|Philaret (Drozdov)]]. The regular Sundays and festive services are celebrated in the St. Trinity Cathedral.

	Other churches in the monastery that were either restored or built anew are: the Church of Simeon Stylite over the main gate of the monastery, originally built in 1732; the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist; the Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov; the Chapel over the Holy Well; and the Funeral [[Chapel]].		Other churches in the monastery that were either restored or built anew are: the Church of Simeon Stylite over the main gate of the monastery, originally built in 1732; the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist; the Church of St. [[Seraphim of Sarov]]; the Chapel over the Holy Well; and the Funeral [[Chapel]].

	The bell tower and Church of St. Simeon the Stylite had been re-built a number of times. Before the post-Soviet restorations, the tower was rebuilt in the 1910s to support very heavy bells. As the weight of the bells was so great a steel structure was used for the first time. In March 1924, the Bolshevik government decided to sell the bells. In 1930 when the monastery was closed, the 18 bells were sold to the American industrialist Charles Crane, who ~~presents~~ them to Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. When restoration of the monastery began in 1985, representations were made for return of the bells. This was accomplished in 2007. At that time, the original bells were replaced at Harvard by a set of new duplicates of the original bells by the Church of Russia.		The bell tower and Church of St. Simeon the Stylite had been re-built a number of times. Before the post-Soviet restorations, the tower was rebuilt in the 1910s to support very heavy bells. As the weight of the bells was so great a steel structure was used for the first time. In March 1924, the Bolshevik government decided to sell the bells. In 1930 when the monastery was closed, the 18 bells were sold to the American industrialist Charles Crane, who presented them to Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. When restoration of the monastery began in 1985, representations were made for return of the bells. This was accomplished in 2007. At that time, the original bells were replaced at Harvard by a set of new duplicates of the original bells by the Church of Russia.

	Relics of St Daniel have been recovered. Part of the relics were returned to the monastery by [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington\|Theodosius]], the Archbishop of Washington, in 1986. Relics of the saint are now kept in the tabernacles of both the Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils and St. Trinity Cathedral.		Relics of St Daniel have been recovered. Part of the relics were returned to the monastery by [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington\|Theodosius]], the Archbishop of Washington, in 1986. Relics of the saint are now kept in the tabernacles of both the Cathedral of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils and St. Trinity Cathedral.
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	==Source==		==Source==
	*[http://www.msdm.ru/eng/ History of St Daniel Monastery]		*[http://www.msdm.ru/eng/ History of St Daniel Monastery]
	* N. V. Riasanovsky, ~~‘’A~~ History of ~~Russia’’~~ 3rd ed, Oxford University Press, 1977		* N. V. Riasanovsky, ''A History of Russia'' 3rd ed, Oxford University Press, 1977

	==See also==		==See also==
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	*[http://www.botik.ru/PZ/sites/monaster.html St Daniel Monastery]		*[http://www.botik.ru/PZ/sites/monaster.html St Daniel Monastery]
	*[http://www.danilovbells.com/saintdaniel/ St Daniel Monastery Moscow Return of the Bells]		*[http://www.danilovbells.com/saintdaniel/ St Daniel Monastery Moscow Return of the Bells]
	*[http://www.danilovbells.com/saintdaniel/history_of_the_bells_and_the_bel/ History of the Bells and ~~Belfrey~~]		*[http://www.danilovbells.com/saintdaniel/history_of_the_bells_and_the_bel/ History of the Bells and Belfry]

	[[Category: Monasteries\|Daniel Monastery]]		[[Category: Monasteries\|Daniel Monastery]]
	[[Category: Russian Monasteries\|Daniel Monastery]]		[[Category: Russian Monasteries\|Daniel Monastery]]

Orthodoxy in South Africa

Hafvindur — Sun, 01 Nov 2026 10:48:11 GMT

Orthodoxy In South Africa init

New page

Orthodox Christianity in '''South Africa''' has been organised as a diocese since 1927, and today includes parishes of several nationalities and languages. The [[Church of Alexandria|Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] and All Africa has two dioceses in the country.<ref name="joburg" /><ref name="cape" />

==Church of Alexandria==
*'''[[Metropolis of Johannesburg|Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]]''' – founded in 1927 as the Metropolis of Johannesburg and Southern Africa. It covers the former Transvaal province, and has Greek, Russian, Serbian and Romanian-speaking parishes as well as parishes that use English, Afrikaans and other local languages.<ref name="joburg" /> Its first monastery, the [[Monastery of St Nektarius (Leeuwenkloof, Pretoria)|Monastery of Ss Nektarius and Nicholas]], was founded in 2005.<ref name="joburg" />
*'''[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]]''' – formed in 1968 from the Metropolis of Johannesburg. It covers the rest of South Africa, including the Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State, together with Namibia, Eswatini and Lesotho.<ref name="cape" />

Parishes include the [[Church of St. Nicholas of Japan (Brixton, Johannesburg)|Church of St. Nicholas of Japan]] in Brixton, Johannesburg, founded in 1987 as an English-speaking mission open to South Africans of any background.<ref name="brixton" />

==Other Orthodox churches==
Since 2022 some South African parishes have belonged to the [[w:Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa|Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa]], which the [[Church of Russia]] set up in 2021 in territory that the Church of Alexandria regards as its own.<ref name="gorthodox" />

==See also==
*[[Afrikaners and Orthodoxy]]
*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="joburg">[[Metropolis of Johannesburg]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>
<ref name="cape">[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>
<ref name="brixton">[[Church of St. Nicholas of Japan (Brixton, Johannesburg)]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>
<ref name="gorthodox">[https://gorthodox.com/en/news-item/russian-orthodox-church-gaining-ground-in-south-africa Russian Orthodox Church Gaining Ground in South Africa] (Global Orthodox, April 5, 2022)</ref>
</references>

{{OrthodoxyinAfrica}}

[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa]]
[[Category:Places]]

South Africa

Hafvindur — Sun, 01 Nov 2026 10:47:46 GMT

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	Orthodox Christianity in '''South Africa''' has been organised as a diocese since 1927, and today includes parishes of several nationalities and languages. The [[Church of Alexandria\|Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] and All Africa has two dioceses in the country.<ref name="joburg" /><ref name="cape" />		#REDIRECT [[Orthodoxy in South Africa]]

	~~==Church of Alexandria==~~
	*'''[[Metropolis of Johannesburg\|Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]]''' – founded in 1927 as the Metropolis of Johannesburg and Southern Africa. It covers the former Transvaal province, and has Greek, Russian, Serbian and Romanian-speaking parishes as well as parishes that use English, Afrikaans and other local languages.<ref name="joburg" /> Its first monastery, the [[~~Monastery of St Nektarius (Leeuwenkloof, Pretoria)\|Monastery of Ss Nektarius and Nicholas]], was founded in 2005.<ref name="joburg" />~~
	*'''[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]]''' – formed in 1968 from the Metropolis of Johannesburg. It covers the rest of South Africa, including the Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State, together with Namibia, Eswatini and Lesotho.<ref name="cape" />

	Parishes include the [[Church of St. Nicholas of Japan (Brixton, Johannesburg)\|Church of St. Nicholas of Japan]] in Brixton, Johannesburg, founded in 1987 as an English-speaking mission open to South Africans of any background.<ref name="brixton" />

	~~==Other Orthodox churches==~~
	Since 2022 some South African parishes have belonged to the [[w:Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa\|Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa]], which the [[Church of Russia]] set up in 2021 in territory that the Church of Alexandria regards as its own.<ref name="gorthodox" />

	~~==See also==~~
	*[[Afrikaners and Orthodoxy]]
	*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~<references>~~
	~~<ref name="joburg">[[Metropolis of Johannesburg]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>~~
	~~<ref name="cape">[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>~~
	~~<ref name="brixton">[[Church of St. Nicholas of Japan (Brixton, Johannesburg)]] (OrthodoxWiki)</ref>~~
	~~<ref name="gorthodox">[https://gorthodox.com/en/news-item/russian-orthodox-church-gaining-ground-in-south-africa Russian Orthodox Church Gaining Ground~~ in South Africa~~] (Global Orthodox, April 5, 2022)</ref>~~
	~~</references>~~

	~~{{OrthodoxyinAfrica}}~~

	~~[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa]]~~
	~~[[Category:Places~~]]

South Africa

Hafvindur — Sun, 01 Nov 2026 10:47:06 GMT

Orthodoxy In South Africa init

New page

Afrikaners and Orthodoxy

Hafvindur — Sun, 01 Nov 2026 10:40:32 GMT

Create Afrikaaner & Orthodoxy page

New page

'''Afrikaners''' are a Southern African people whose first language is Afrikaans, a language that grew out of the Dutch spoken by the 17th-century settlers of the Western Cape. Afrikaners have traditionally belonged to the Dutch Reformed churches, and only a very small number are Orthodox Christians. Since the late 20th century, Afrikaans-speaking converts have translated Orthodox services into Afrikaans and founded parishes in [[South Africa]] where Afrikaans is the main [[Divine Liturgy|liturgical]] language.<ref name="award" />

==Translation of the services==
Two priests, Archimandrite Jacobus (Kobus) van der Riet and Hieromonk Zacharias van Wyk, have translated the [[Divine Liturgy]] and other services and hymns into Afrikaans. Fr Kobus, a former lecturer in classics at the University of South Africa, translated from the Greek. He was received into the Orthodox Church at the [[Church of St. Nicholas of Japan (Brixton, Johannesburg)|Church of St. Nicholas of Japan]] in Brixton, Johannesburg, and studied at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] in the United States.<ref name="award"/> Fr Zacharias has also adapted Russian church music for singing in Afrikaans.<ref name="gorthodox" /> The translated texts and music are published online for any parish that needs services in Afrikaans.<ref name="robertson" />

On August 25, 2013, at the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, the Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organisations (FAK) gave both priests a special award for their contribution to Afrikaans literature and culture through these translations. The ceremony marked the 80th anniversary of the Afrikaans Bible of 1933.<ref name="award"/>

==Parishes==
===Church of Alexandria===
Within the [[Church of Alexandria]], Afrikaans-language parishes were founded in the [[Metropolis of Johannesburg|Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]], which also has parishes that use English, Greek and other languages. The first Afrikaans-speaking parish in the archdiocese was in Eldorado Park, in the south of Johannesburg, where Fr Kobus van der Riet worked to establish it.<ref name="award"/>

The second was the mission of St. [[Theodore the Tyro]] in Stilfontein, North West Province, an offshoot of the Greek Orthodox parish in Klerksdorp under Fr Seraphim van Niekerk. The mission bought a disused Gereformeerde Kerk (Reformed) building and rebuilt its interior as an Orthodox church, with an [[iconostasis]]. Archbishop [[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Johannesburg|Damaskinos of Johannesburg and Pretoria]] blessed the church on February 18, 2017.<ref name="stilfontein" />

In the Western Cape, Fr Zacharias van Wyk founded the ''Bedehuis Bethanië'' ("Bethany House of Prayer"), a mission to Afrikaans speakers with a church dedicated to St. [[Mary of Egypt]] in the Keurkloof valley outside Robertson. It was set up to make the Orthodox faith, which is almost unknown among Afrikaans speakers, known and available to them. It was a parish of the [[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]].<ref name="robertson"/>

===Church of Russia===
In 2022, the Robertson mission and a parish in Cape Town joined the [[w:Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa|Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa]], which the [[Church of Russia]] set up in 2021 in territory that the Church of Alexandria regards as its own. On April 3, 2022, Fr Zacharias served the Divine Liturgy in Afrikaans at the Robertson church. On the same day, the Cape Town parish of St. [[John Climacus|John of the Ladder]], led by Fr Nikolai Esterhuizen, held its first Liturgy in Church Slavonic, English and Afrikaans.<ref name="gorthodox"/>

On July 21, 2024, Fr Ioann Rossou, rector of the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle in Bloemfontein, served the Divine Liturgy in Afrikaans at the Church of St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] in Johannesburg, with his parish choir singing in Afrikaans and Church Slavonic. The exarchate described it as the first Orthodox service in Afrikaans in Johannesburg, although the Afrikaans parish in Eldorado Park was already serving there.<ref name="exarchate" />

==See also==
*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]
*[[Paschal greeting]] (includes the greeting in Afrikaans)

==External links==
*[https://afrikaansortodoks.wordpress.com/ Afrikaans Ortodoks] (Bedehuis Bethanië, Robertson; services, prayers and hymns in Afrikaans)
*[[w:Afrikaners|Afrikaners]] (Wikipedia)

==References==
<references>
<ref name="award">[https://khanya.wordpress.com/2013/08/26/afrikaans-cultural-award-for-two-orthodox-priests/ Afrikaans cultural award for two Orthodox priests] (Khanya, August 26, 2013)</ref>
<ref name="gorthodox">[https://gorthodox.com/en/news-item/russian-orthodox-church-gaining-ground-in-south-africa Russian Orthodox Church Gaining Ground in South Africa] (Global Orthodox, April 5, 2022)</ref>
<ref name="robertson">[http://www.goarch.co.za/our-churches/robertson/ Church of Saint Mary of Egypt, Robertson] (Archdiocese of Good Hope)</ref>
<ref name="stilfontein">[https://khanya.wordpress.com/2017/02/18/new-afrikaans-orthodox-parish/ New Afrikaans Orthodox parish] (Khanya, February 18, 2017)</ref>
<ref name="exarchate">[https://exarchate-africa.ru/en/news/divine-liturgy-celebrated-in-afrikaans-for-the-first-time-in-johannesburg/ Divine Liturgy celebrated in Afrikaans for the first time in Johannesburg] (Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa, July 23, 2024)</ref>
</references>

{{OrthodoxyinAfrica}}

[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa]]

Paul (Pavlov) of Sydney

Hafvindur — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 10:26:03 GMT

fix timeline a little better

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	{{~~orthodoxyinaustralasia~~}}		{{Bishop
			\| name = Archbishop Paul (Pavlov)
			\| rank = [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]]
			\| title = Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand
			\| church = [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
			\| term = 1980–1992
			\| predecessor = [[Theodosius (Putilin) of Sydney\|Theodosius (Putilin)]]
			\| successor = [[Daniel (Alexandrow) of Erie\|Daniel (Alexandrow)]]
			\| previous = Bishop of Stuttgart and South Germany (1967–1980)
			\| birth_name = Mikhail Alexandrovich Pavlov
			\| born = November 16 (November 3, Old Style), 1927, Warsaw, Poland
			\| deacon = September 10, 1949
			\| priest = January 6, 1952
			\| tonsure = 1947
			\| consecrated = July 16, 1967, as Bishop of Stuttgart
			\| died = February 15, 1995, [[Holy Dormition Convent (Nanuet, New York)\|Holy Dormition Convent]], Nanuet, New York
			}}
			{{Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall}}
	{{AusEpisStub}}		{{AusEpisStub}}

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	==Timeline==		==Timeline==
	*Ordained ~~deacon~~		*1927 Nov 16: Born Mikhail Alexandrovich Pavlov in Warsaw, Poland, to a family of Russian émigrés.
	*Ordained ~~priest~~		*1945: With his mother, ended up in a displaced persons camp at Fischbek, near Hamburg, Germany, where he joined the small monastic community of Archimandrite [[Vitaly (Ustinov) of New York\|Vitaly (Ustinov)]].
	*Consecrated ~~bishop~~		*1947: [[Tonsure]]d a rassophore monk by Archim. Vitaly, with the name Paul, after St. Paul the Simple.
	*1975: [[Tonsure]]d Michael Arndt with the name [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin\|Mark]], and ordained him to the [[diaconate]] and [[priest]]hood. Fr Mark would become his successor as Bishop of Berlin and All Germany		*1949 Sep 10: Ordained a [[Deacon\|hierodeacon]] in Paris by Metropolitan [[Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinev\|Anastassy (Gribanovsky)]], First Hierarch of ROCOR.
	*1980: Repose of Archbishop [[Theodosius (Putilin) of Sydney\|Theodosius of Sydney]]. Bishop Paul conducts the funeral service.		*1951 Aug 23: Arrived in Brazil with the monastic community and Bishop Vitaly.
	*1981 Jan: Arrival in Australia to head diocese.		*1952 Jan 6: Ordained a [[Presbyter\|hieromonk]] in Brazil, and sent to serve small Orthodox communities there.
			*1957 Mar: Moved with the brotherhood to Canada, where he worked on publishing Orthodox literature.
			*1958: Raised to the rank of [[Igumen\|hegumen]].
			*1966: Raised to the rank of [[archimandrite]].
			*1967 Jul 16: Consecrated Bishop of Stuttgart, vicar of the German diocese, with his residence in Munich.
			*1971 Sep 14: Given the title Bishop of Stuttgart and South Germany.
			*1975: [[Tonsure]]d Michael Arndt with the name [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin\|Mark]], and ordained him to the [[Deacon\|diaconate]] and [[Presbyter\|priest]]hood. Fr Mark would become his successor as Bishop of Berlin and All Germany
			*1976: First visit to Australia, standing in for Archbishop Theodosius in Sydney while he rested in Perth.
			*1980: Repose of Archbishop [[Theodosius (Putilin) of Sydney\|Theodosius of Sydney]]. Bishop Paul conducts the funeral service. Late in 1980 he was appointed ruling bishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand.
			*1981 Jan 30: Arrival in Australia to head diocese.
	*During the tenure of Archbishop Paul of Sydney, the following structures were built:		*During the tenure of Archbishop Paul of Sydney, the following structures were built:
	:*Church and residence, at the [[Monastery of Our Lady of Kazan (Kentlyn, Australia)\|Our Lady of Kazan Convent]], Kentlyn, NSW.		:*Church and residence, at the [[Monastery of Our Lady of Kazan (Kentlyn, Australia)\|Our Lady of Kazan Convent]], Kentlyn, NSW.
	:*Monastery of the Holy Transfiguration, Bombala, NSW.		:*Monastery of the Holy Transfiguration, Bombala, NSW.
	:*[[St. John the Baptist Cathedral (Canberra, Australian Capital Territory)\|St John the ~~Forerunner Church~~]], Canberra, ACT, consecrated in 1988.		:*[[St. John the Baptist Cathedral (Canberra, Australian Capital Territory)\|St. John the Baptist Cathedral]], Canberra, ACT, consecrated in 1988.
	:*Church of Our Lady's Dormition, Dandenong, Victoria.		:*Church of Our Lady's Dormition, Dandenong, Victoria.
	:*Church of Ss Peter and Paul, Perth, WA.		:*Church of Ss Peter and Paul, Perth, WA.
	:*School building on grounds of ~~Cathedram~~ of Ss Peter and Paul, Sydney.		:*School building on grounds of Cathedral of Ss Peter and Paul, Sydney.
	*1991 Jun 8: ~~Beginning~~ of fatal illness.		*1991 Jun 8: Suffered a stroke at his residence in Croydon, Sydney; beginning of fatal illness.
			*1992 Mar 18: The Synod of Bishops granted him sick leave, and appointed Bishop [[Daniel (Alexandrow) of Erie\|Daniel of Erie]] to administer the diocese.
	*1992 Nov: Left Australia, went to [[Holy Dormition Convent (Nanuet, New York)\|Holy Dormition Convent]] "Novo-Diveevo"		*1992 Nov: Left Australia, went to [[Holy Dormition Convent (Nanuet, New York)\|Holy Dormition Convent]] "Novo-Diveevo"
	*1995 Feb 15: Reposed. Funeral service conducted by Bishop [[Hilarion (Kapral) of ~~Sydney~~\|Hilarion]] of Manhattan and Bishop [[John (Legky) of Rockland]].		*1995 Feb 15: Reposed. Funeral service conducted by Bishop [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion]] of Manhattan and Bishop [[John (Legky) of Rockland]]. Buried in the Russian cemetery at Novo-Diveevo.

Hilarion (Kapral) of New York

Hafvindur — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 10:16:56 GMT

Update add infoxbox

Show changes

Theodosius (Putilin) of Sydney

Hafvindur — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 10:12:20 GMT

Update page and add infobox

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			{{Bishop
			\| name = Archbishop Theodosius (Putilin)
			\| rank = [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]]
			\| title = Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand
			\| church = [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
			\| term = 1970–1980
			\| predecessor = [[Sava (Raevsky) of Sydney\|Sava (Raevsky)]]
			\| successor = [[Paul (Pavlov) of Sydney\|Paul (Pavlov)]]
			\| previous = Bishop of Melbourne (1969–1970)
			\| birth_name = Sergei Vasilyevich Putilin
			\| born = August 17 (August 5, Old Style), 1897, Davydovka, Voronezh Governorate, Russia
			\| priest = October 14, 1948
			\| tonsure = November 28, 1969
			\| consecrated = November 29, 1969, Melbourne, as Bishop of Melbourne
			\| died = August 13, 1980, Sydney
			\| buried = Perth, Western Australia
			}}
	{{orthodoxyinaustralasia}}		{{orthodoxyinaustralasia}}
			His Eminence the Most Reverend Archbishop '''Theodosius (Putilin)''' was Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] from 1970 to 1980.
	His Eminence the Most Reverend Archbishop ~~[[Theodosius (Putilin) of Sydney\|~~ '''Theodosius (Putilin)''']] was Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]] from 1970 to 1980.

	==Life==		==Life==
	The future Archbishop Theodosius was born into a family of a [[priest]] and received his religious education in pre-Bolshevik Russia. However, he did not enter the [[clergy]] as the bishop to whom he applied for ordination refused at the time, saying, "If it pleases the Lord to call you to His service, He will call you at the appropriate time. But do not ignore His call."		The future Archbishop Theodosius was born into a family of a [[Presbyter\|priest]] and received his religious education in pre-Bolshevik Russia. However, he did not enter the [[clergy]] as the bishop to whom he applied for ordination refused at the time, saying, "If it pleases the Lord to call you to His service, He will call you at the appropriate time. But do not ignore His call."

	His calling to the priesthood came when he was living in Germany after World War II. After preparation under the tutelage of [[Protopriest]] [[Andrew (Rymarenko) of Rockland\|Adrian Rymarenko]] and [[Archimandrite]] [[Dimitri (Biakay)]], he was [[ordination\|ordained]] to the [[diaconate]] and then to the priesthood.		His calling to the priesthood came when he was living in Germany after World War II. After preparation under the tutelage of [[Archpriest\|Protopriest]] [[Andrew (Rymarenko) of Rockland\|Adrian Rymarenko]] and [[Archimandrite]] [[Dimitri (Biakay)]], he was [[ordination\|ordained]] to the [[Deacon\|diaconate]] and then to the priesthood.

	Emigrating to Australia in 1951, Fr. Theodosius was assigned to Western Australia to serve the Church in the city of Perth with zeal and love for many years. The community of the [[parish]] came to endear him as it grew into the magnificent Church of SS Peter and Paul that they built.		Emigrating to Australia in 1951, Fr. Theodosius was assigned to Western Australia to serve the Church in the city of Perth with zeal and love for many years. The community of the [[parish]] came to endear him as it grew into the magnificent Church of SS Peter and Paul that they built.

	In 1969, Bp. Theodosius, with a sense of unworthiness, was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] a [[vicar]] [[bishop]] and was assigned to serve in Melbourne, Australia. On [[November 25]], 1970, Bp. Theodosius was ~~elevate~~ to be the ruling bishop of the [[Diocese]] of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand. In 1971, he was elevated to [[archbishop]]. This assignment came during a period of ecclesiastical conflict in Sydney. With patience, love, and mainly wisdom, Abp. Theodosius set to resolving the conflicts. With God's help, Abp. Theodosius was able to bring his seemingly hopeless task to the desired result. By 1977, the parish and large Cathedral of Ss Peter and Paul in Sydney returned to ROCOR.		In 1969, Bp. Theodosius, with a sense of unworthiness, was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] a [[vicar]] [[bishop]] and was assigned to serve in Melbourne, Australia. On [[November 25]], 1970, Bp. Theodosius was elevated to be the ruling bishop of the [[Diocese]] of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand. In 1971, he was elevated to [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|archbishop]]. This assignment came during a period of ecclesiastical conflict in Sydney. With patience, love, and mainly wisdom, Abp. Theodosius set to resolving the conflicts. With God's help, Abp. Theodosius was able to bring his seemingly hopeless task to the desired result. By 1977, the parish and large Cathedral of Ss Peter and Paul in Sydney returned to ROCOR.

	The effort made by Abp. Theodosius to settle the conflict caused a great deal of strain on his health. On [[August 13]], 1980, at the age of 83, Abp. Theodosius reposed, having built, on the foundation of the work by Abps. Feodor and Savva, an Orthodox community that had a system of parish schools, a hospital for the chronically ill, a nursing home, the Russian Benevolent Society and other charitable organizations, and its own publishing arm which printed the diocesan journal.		The effort made by Abp. Theodosius to settle the conflict caused a great deal of strain on his health. On [[August 13]], 1980, at the age of 83, Abp. Theodosius reposed, having built, on the foundation of the work by Abps. Feodor and Savva, an Orthodox community that had a system of parish schools, a hospital for the chronically ill, a nursing home, the Russian Benevolent Society and other charitable organizations, and its own publishing arm which printed the diocesan journal.
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	after=?}}		after=?}}
	{{succession\|		{{succession\|
	before=[[Sava (~~Rayevsky~~) of Sydney\|Sava (~~Rayevsky~~)]]\|		before=[[Sava (Raevsky) of Sydney\|Sava (Raevsky)]]\|
	title=Archbishop of [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)\|Sydney, Australia and New Zealand]]<br>(ROCOR)\|		title=Archbishop of [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)\|Sydney, Australia and New Zealand]]<br>(ROCOR)\|
	years=1970-1980\|		years=1970-1980\|
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	==External link==		==External link==
	*[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/news05/ArchbishopFeodosy.html Biography of Archbishop Theodosius] at the 25th ~~anniversay~~ of his repose.		*[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/news05/ArchbishopFeodosy.html Biography of Archbishop Theodosius] at the 25th anniversary of his repose.
			*[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Феодосий_(Путилин) Феодосий (Путилин)] (Russian Wikipedia)

	[[Category:Bishops]]		[[Category:Bishops]]

George (Schaefer) of Sydney

Hafvindur — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 10:07:05 GMT

Update and add bishop infobox

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	~~[[Image:~~BG2.JPG\|~~right~~\|~~thumb~~\|~~His Grace on~~ the ambon of his first cathedral church of St John the Baptist in Mayfield, ~~PA.~~]]		{{Bishop
			\| name = Archbishop George (Schaefer)
			\| image = BG2.JPG
			\| image_size = 220px
			\| alt = George (Schaefer)
			\| caption = On the ambon of his first cathedral church, St John the Baptist, Mayfield, Pennsylvania
			\| rank = [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]]
			\| title = Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand
			\| church = [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
			\| term = 2022–present
			\| predecessor = [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion (Kapral)]]
			\| previous = Bishop of Mayfield (2008–2015), Bishop of Canberra (2015–2022)
			\| birth_name = Paul Schaefer
			\| born = May 25, 1950, Belleville, Illinois
			\| deacon = 1986
			\| priest = 1987
			\| tonsure = 1980
			\| consecrated = December 7, 2008, as Bishop of Mayfield
			}}
	{{orthodoxyinaustralasia}}		{{orthodoxyinaustralasia}}
	His ~~Grace~~, the ~~Right~~ Reverend '''George (Schaefer)''' is [[Bishop]] of Sydney, and ruling bishop of the [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)\|Diocese of Australia and New Zealand]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]].		His Eminence, the Most Reverend '''George (Schaefer)''' is [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]] of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand, and ruling bishop of the [[Diocese of Australia and New Zealand (ROCOR)\|Diocese of Australia and New Zealand]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].

	== Life ==		== Life ==
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	===Monastic life===		===Monastic life===
	On Christmas, [[January 7]], 1976, Makarios was made a [[novice]] by Archbishop [[Averky (Taushev) of Syracuse\|Averky (Taushev)]], then Dean of Holy Trinity Seminary. As a novice his obediences in the [[monastery]] were cleaning, cooking, working the tractor in the farm and digging graves in the cemetery. After a few years in the monastery he was made a riassophor [[monk]] on Friday of the First Week of Lent, 1979 and [[tonsure]]d to the small schema on Friday of the First Week of Lent, 1980, and given the name Mitrophan in honor of Saint [[Mitrophan of Voronezh]]. He was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[subdeacon]] on Palm Sunday of the same year, before graduating from Holy Trinity Seminary that year.		On Christmas, [[January 7]], 1976, Makarios was made a [[novice]] by Archbishop [[Averky (Taushev) of Syracuse\|Averky (Taushev)]], then Dean of Holy Trinity Seminary. As a novice his obediences in the [[Monasticism\|monastery]] were cleaning, cooking, working the tractor in the farm and digging graves in the cemetery. After a few years in the monastery he was made a riassophor [[monk]] on Friday of the First Week of Lent, 1979 and [[tonsure]]d to the small schema on Friday of the First Week of Lent, 1980, and given the name Mitrophan in honor of Saint [[Mitrophan of Voronezh]]. He was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[subdeacon]] on Palm Sunday of the same year, before graduating from Holy Trinity Seminary that year.

	Fr Mitrophan, with the blessing of [[Laurus (~~Skurla~~) of New York\|Archbishop Laurus]], moved to [[Mount Athos]] in June of 1981. Initially, he lived in St Elias Skete for several months, a strict skete which was then connected with ROCOR. On the ~~advise~~ of Elder Nicodemos of Karoulia, he then moved to an English-speaking cell (within [[Koutloumousiou Monastery (Athos)\|Koutloumousiou Monastery]]) with four other ROCOR monks (including a hieromonk ordained by then-Bishop [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin\|Mark (Arndt)]]), which was one that other monasteries would often send American visitors to them. He became acquainted with St [[Paisios ~~(Eznepidis)~~\|Paisios the Athonite]] while there. He was tonsured to the great schema by [[Hieromonk]] Chrysostomos of Koutloumousiou and given the name George in honor of Saint George the Great-Martyr.		Fr Mitrophan, with the blessing of [[Laurus (Škurla) of New York\|Archbishop Laurus]], moved to [[Mount Athos]] in June of 1981. Initially, he lived in St Elias Skete for several months, a strict skete which was then connected with ROCOR. On the advice of Elder Nicodemos of Karoulia, he then moved to an English-speaking cell (within [[Koutloumousiou Monastery (Athos)\|Koutloumousiou Monastery]]) with four other ROCOR monks (including a hieromonk ordained by then-Bishop [[Mark (Arndt) of Berlin\|Mark (Arndt)]]), which was one that other monasteries would often send American visitors to them. He became acquainted with St [[Paisios of Mount Athos\|Paisios the Athonite]] while there. He was tonsured to the great schema by [[Presbyter\|Hieromonk]] Chrysostomos of Koutloumousiou and given the name George in honor of Saint George the Great-Martyr.

	In February, 1986, Fr George returned to [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)\|Holy Trinity Monastery]] and started working on the Printshop of Saint Job of Pochaev, where he worked until 2008. He assumed editorial duties on Orthodox Life from 1992 to his consecration as bishop in 2008, including writing & translating many articles for ''Orthodox Life'' magazine and translating several sayings of the Optina Elders found in ''Living Without Hypocrisy'' ([[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)\|HTM Press]], 2006). He also began helping at [[Hermitage of the Holy Cross (Wayne, West Virginia)\|Hermitage of the Holy Cross]] during this time, serving as confessor and spiritual father.		In February, 1986, Fr George returned to [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)\|Holy Trinity Monastery]] and started working on the Printshop of Saint Job of Pochaev, where he worked until 2008. He assumed editorial duties on Orthodox Life from 1992 to his consecration as bishop in 2008, including writing & translating many articles for ''Orthodox Life'' magazine and translating several sayings of the Optina Elders found in ''Living Without Hypocrisy'' ([[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)\|HTM Press]], 2006). He also began helping at [[Hermitage of the Holy Cross (Wayne, West Virginia)\|Hermitage of the Holy Cross]] during this time, serving as confessor and spiritual father.

	Fr George was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[hierodeacon]] on the feast of St. Michael, 1986 and a hieromonk on Palm Sunday, 1987. In 1994, he was appointed Economos of Holy Trinity Monastery, was elevated to the rank of [[hegumen]] in September 1998, was elevated to [[archimandrite]] on Labor Day, 2005, and was made dean of Holy Trinity Monastery in 2007.		Fr George was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[Deacon\|hierodeacon]] on the feast of St. Michael, 1986 and a hieromonk on Palm Sunday, 1987. In 1994, he was appointed Economos of Holy Trinity Monastery, was elevated to the rank of [[Igumen\|hegumen]] in September 1998, was elevated to [[archimandrite]] on Labor Day, 2005, and was made dean of Holy Trinity Monastery in 2007.

	===Episcopal service===		===Episcopal service===
	In May 2008, the [[Synod]] of Bishops of the ROCOR elected Archimandrite George as Bishop of Mayfield, Vicar of the Eastern American Diocese. The [[Holy Synod]] of the Russian Orthodox Church confirmed the election in June 2008; though Bp George, having no internet, found out about his appointment from the congratulations of friends. On [[December 7]], 2008, Archimandrite George was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] to the episcopal office at Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York, by Bishop [[Gabriel (Chemodakov) of ~~Manhattan~~\|Gabriel of Montreal and Canada]], Bishop [[Peter (Loukianoff) of ~~Cleveland~~\|Peter of Cleveland]] and Bishop [[John (~~Berzins~~) of Caracas\|John of Caracas]]. Bishop George's place of residence was at the [[Holy Cross ~~Skete~~ (Wayne, West Virginia)\|Hermitage of the Holy Cross in Wayne]], West Virginia. In 2009, when the Hermitage became independent of Holy Trinity Monastery, he was appointed Abbot.		In May 2008, the [[Synod]] of Bishops of the ROCOR elected Archimandrite George as Bishop of Mayfield, Vicar of the Eastern American Diocese. The [[Holy Synod]] of the Russian Orthodox Church confirmed the election in June 2008; though Bp George, having no internet, found out about his appointment from the congratulations of friends. On [[December 7]], 2008, Archimandrite George was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] to the episcopal office at Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York, by Bishop [[Gabriel (Chemodakov) of Montreal\|Gabriel of Montreal and Canada]], Bishop [[Peter (Loukianoff) of Chicago\|Peter of Cleveland]] and Bishop [[John (Bērziņš) of Caracas\|John of Caracas]]. Bishop George's place of residence was at the [[Hermitage of the Holy Cross (Wayne, West Virginia)\|Hermitage of the Holy Cross in Wayne]], West Virginia. In 2009, when the Hermitage became independent of Holy Trinity Monastery, he was appointed Abbot.

	On behalf of Metropolitan Hilarion (who, before being elected First Hierarch, had been diocesan bishop of Australia and New Zealand), Bp George visited Australia for two months in 2013, and repeated this trip in 2014. On [[October 10]], 2014, he was appointed by the Holy Synod to be 'Bishop of Canberra' as a vicar bishop within the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand. It was later announced that Bp George would move to the Australian Diocesan Chancery after Pascha 2015, and would remain Bishop of Mayfield until his relocation.[http://eadiocese.org/News/2014/oct/bg.en.htm]		On behalf of Metropolitan Hilarion (who, before being elected First Hierarch, had been diocesan bishop of Australia and New Zealand), Bp George visited Australia for two months in 2013, and repeated this trip in 2014. On [[October 10]], 2014, he was appointed by the Holy Synod to be 'Bishop of Canberra' as a vicar bishop within the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand. It was later announced that Bp George would move to the Australian Diocesan Chancery after Pascha 2015, and would remain Bishop of Mayfield until his relocation.[http://eadiocese.org/News/2014/oct/bg.en.htm]
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	On Bright Tuesday, 2015, Bp George departed America for Sydney, Australia. He was welcomed on Bright Thursday and inducted as Bishop of Canberra on Bright Friday.		On Bright Tuesday, 2015, Bp George departed America for Sydney, Australia. He was welcomed on Bright Thursday and inducted as Bishop of Canberra on Bright Friday.

	After the repose of Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion]], Bp George was appointed Acting Ruling Bishop of the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand. Later that year, during the same Council of Bishops that elected Bp [[Nicholas (Olhovsky) of ~~New York~~\|Nicholas of Manhattan]] as First Hierarch, Bp George was appointed ruling bishop of the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand on [[September 21\|21 September]] 2022, and given the title "Bishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand".[https://synod.com/synod/eng2022/20220923_enbpgeorgeaustralia.html]		After the repose of Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion]], Bp George was appointed Acting Ruling Bishop of the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand. Later that year, during the same Council of Bishops that elected Bp [[Nicholas (Olhovsky) of Manhattan\|Nicholas of Manhattan]] as First Hierarch, Bp George was appointed ruling bishop of the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand on [[September 21\|21 September]] 2022, and given the title "Bishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand".[https://synod.com/synod/eng2022/20220923_enbpgeorgeaustralia.html]

			In December 2023, the Synod of Bishops asked for Bp George to be raised to the rank of [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|archbishop]] for the 15th anniversary of his consecration. On [[July 12]], 2024, during the patronal feast of Sts Peter and Paul Cathedral in Strathfield, Sydney, Metropolitan [[Nicholas (Olhovsky) of Manhattan\|Nicholas]] presented him with the decree and elevated him to Archbishop.<ref>[https://synod.com/synod/eng2024/20240713_ensydney.html The First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad leads the feast-day celebrations of Sts Peter and Paul Cathedral in Sydney] (ROCOR, July 13, 2024)</ref>

	{{start box}}		{{start box}}
	{{succession\|		{{succession\|
	before= ''see created''\|		before= ''see created''\|
	title=Bishop of Mayfield<br>([[ROCOR]])\|		title=Bishop of Mayfield<br>([[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia\|ROCOR]])\|
	years=2008-2015\|		years=2008-2015\|
	after=—}}		after=—}}
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	{{succession\|		{{succession\|
	before= ''see created''\|		before= ''see created''\|
	title=Bishop of Canberra<br>([[ROCOR]])\|		title=Bishop of Canberra<br>([[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia\|ROCOR]])\|
	years=2015-2022\|		years=2015-2022\|
	after=—}}		after=—}}
	{{succession\|		{{succession\|
	before= Metr. [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion]]\|		before= Metr. [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York\|Hilarion]]\|
	title=Bishop of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand<br>([[ROCOR]])\|		title=Bishop (from 2024 Archbishop) of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand<br>([[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia\|ROCOR]])\|
	years=2022-present\|		years=2022-present\|
	after=—}}		after=—}}
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	== References ==		== References ==
			<references />
	* [http://www.jordanville.org/news_081207_2.html Biography of Bishop George]		* [http://www.jordanville.org/news_081207_2.html Biography of Bishop George]
	* [http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2009/5enholycrosshermitage.html Holy Cross Monastery Elects a New Abbot]		* [http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2009/5enholycrosshermitage.html Holy Cross Monastery Elects a New Abbot]
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	* [http://www.wvliving.com/Winter-2012/Moments-at-the-Monastery/ Monastery in the Mountains] wvliving.com		* [http://www.wvliving.com/Winter-2012/Moments-at-the-Monastery/ Monastery in the Mountains] wvliving.com
	* [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/2014/20141010_synodmeeting.html Synod meeting for October 2014] when Bp George was appointed Bishop of Canberra		* [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/2014/20141010_synodmeeting.html Synod meeting for October 2014] when Bp George was appointed Bishop of Canberra
	* [http://eadiocese.org/News/2014/oct/bg.en.htm ROCOR Synod Resolves to Appoint Bishop George to Australian Diocese] (from Eastern American Diocese		* [http://eadiocese.org/News/2014/oct/bg.en.htm ROCOR Synod Resolves to Appoint Bishop George to Australian Diocese] (from Eastern American Diocese)

	[[Category:Bishops\|George]]		[[Category:Bishops\|George]]
	[[Category:21st-century bishops]]		[[Category:21st-century bishops]]
	[[Category:Bishops of Mayfield]]		[[Category:Bishops of Mayfield]]
			[[Category:Bishops of Sydney]]
			[[Category:Orthodoxy in Australia]]
			[[Category:Orthodoxy in New Zealand]]

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-Holy and [[Wonder-worker|Wonder-Working]] [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]] [[Cosmas and Damian]] of Mesopotamia and their mother Venerable Theodota of Mesopotamia (c.287); Martyrs Cyrenia and Juliana in Cilicia (305); Hieromartyr John the Bishop and James the Presbyter of Persia (345); Martyrs Caesarius, Dacius, Sabbas, Sabinian, Agrippa, Adrian, and Thomas at Damascus (7th c.); Saint Theolepte, martyr; Martyrs Cyprian and Juliana; Martyr Mary the Slave Girl (c.117-138); Saint Benignus of Dijon (2nd/3rd c.); Saint Austromoine (Austremonius, Stremoine), first Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand, the "Apostle of Auvergne" (c.250); Martyrs Caesarius of Africa, a Deacon of Africa, together with Julian, a local presbyter, martyred at Terracina in Italy (c.284-305); Saint [[Mathurin of Larchant]] (Maturinus), confessor, French exorcist and missionary (c.310); Saint Marcellus, 9th Bishop of Paris (c.430); Saint Amabilis of Riom (475); Saint Cledwyn (Clydwyn), patron saint of Llangedwyn in Clwyd in Wales (5th c.); Saint Pabiali of Wales, patron-saint of Partypallai in Wales (5th/6th c.); Saint Dingad of Llandingat (5th c.); Saint Vigor, disciple of St Vedast, became Bishop of Bayeux, resolutely opposed paganism (c.537); Martyr Hermeningild the Goth of Spain, Prince (586); Saint Gwythian (Gothian, Gocianus) of Cornwall, hermit (6th c.); Saint Cadfan, Abbot of Tywyn and Bardsey Island (6th c.); Saint Caillin, a disciple of St Aidan of Ferns in Ireland (6th c.); Saint Ceitho, one of five brothers, all saints in Wales (6th c.); Saint Licinius of Angers (Lesin, Lezin), chosen Bishop of Angers in 586 and consecrated by St Gregory of Tours (c.616); Saint Caesarius, Bishop of Clermont in France (c.627); Saint Floribert (Florbert), Abbot of monasteries in Ghent, Mont-Blandin and Saint-Bavon in Belgium (c. 660); Saint Genesius of Lyon (c.679); Saint Severinus, a monk who lived as a hermit in Tivoli in Italy (c.699); Saint Germanus of Montfort, born in Montfort in France, became a monk at the monastery of Savigny, reposed as a hermit (c.906-1000); [[Venerable]]-[[martyr]] James of [[Mount Athos]] and his two disciples James the Deacon and Dionysius the Monk of [[Prodromou Skete (Athos)|Prodromou Skete on Athos]] (1520); Saint [[David of Euboea]] (1589); New Virgin-Martyr Helen of Sinope (18th c.); Blessed Cosmas of Verkhoturye (1704); Hieromartyrs Alexander (Smirnov), and Theodore (Remezov), Priests (1918); Hieromartyr Demetrius (Ovechkin), Priest of Perm (1937); Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of the Zaporizhia Eparchy (1937): - Hieromartyr Sergius (Zverev), Archbishop of Elets and Melitopol, Hieroconfessor Alexander (Ilyenkiv), Hieroconfessor Protopresbyter Dimitrius (Ihnatenko), Hieroconfessor Protopresbyter Victor (Kiraniv), Hieroconfessor Protopresbyter Michael (Bohoslovsky), Hieromartyr Priest Matthew (Alexandriv), Hieromartyr Priest Michael (Shafaniv) and his Presbytera St Sofia, Hieroconfessor Priest Alexius (Usenko), Martyr Stefan (Nalyvayko); Virgin-martyr Elizabeth (1937); Martyr Peter (1941); '''Other Commemorations''': Translation of the relics of St. [[Boniface]] of Mainz, enlightener of Germany (see [[June 5]]) (755); Repose of Elder Hilarion of [[Valaam Monastery|Valaam]] and Sarov (1841).
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-</div>[[Apostles]] [[Apostle Stachys|Stachys]], [[Apostle Amplias|Amplias]], [[Apostle Urban|Urban]], [[Apostle Narcissus|Narcissus]], [[Apostle Apelles|Apelles]], and [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]] of the Seventy; [[Martyr]] Epimachus of Alexandria; [[Saint]]s Spyridon and Nicodemus the [[prosphora]]-bakers of the [[Kiev Caves]]; Saint Maura of Constantinople; Saint Anatolius, recluse of the Kiev Caves; [[New-Martyr]] Nicholas of Chios; Martyrs Stephen, Barnabas, Trophimus, Dorymedon, Cosmas, Damian, Sabbas, Bassa, Abraham, and others with them; Martyr Gordian; Martyr Epimachus the Roman; Martyrs Seleucius and Stratonica his wife, [[myrrh-gusher]]s; First [[Priest]]-martyr of the Russian Revolution [[John Kochurov]]; Martyr Foillan, [[Abbot]] of Fosses; Saint Quentin; Saint Begu, [[nun]] of Hackness; Saint [[Jacob of Nisibis|James, Bishop of Mygdonia]], one of the 318 fathers of [[First Council of Nicaea|Nicaea]]; Saint Erc, Bishop of Lilcach.
+</div>
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+[[Apostles]] [[Apostle Stachys|Stachys]], [[Apostle Amplias|Amplias]], [[Apostle Urban|Urban]], [[Apostle Narcissus|Narcissus]], [[Apostle Apelles|Apelles]] and [[Apostle Aristobulus|Aristobulus]] of the Seventy (1st century);

Chariton (Lukic)

Hafvindur — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 09:27:51 GMT

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	~~{{stub}}~~		'''Chariton Lukic''' was a monk of the [[Church of Serbia]] at the [[w:Crna Reka Monastery\|Crna Reka monastery]] in Ribariće and the [[w:Monastery of the Holy Archangels\|Holy Archangels Monastery]] near [[w:Prizren\|Prizren]], [[w:Kosovo\|Kosovo]]. He was kidnapped by armed members of the [[w:Kosovo Liberation Army\|Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA) in Prizren in 1999, tortured and killed. His body with signs of painful death was found a year later and was buried in the Crna Reka monastery. He is honoured as one of the [[New Martyrs]].

	'''Chariton Lukic''' was a monk at the Crna Reka monastery in Ribariće and Holy Archangels Monastery near Prizren, Kosovo. He was kidnapped by armed ~~persons~~ in Prizren in 1999, tortured and killed. His body with signs of painful death was found a year later and was buried in the Crna Reka monastery.

	==Life==		==Life==

	Fr. Chariton was born as Radoslav on November 21, 1960 in a pious family of Orthodox Christians. His parents' names were Budimir and Milka Lukic. They had 2 sons and 3 daughters. The hieromonk who was baptizing Radoslav, predicted that the child would become a monk, but at that time, nobody noticed those words. The father, Budimir Lukic, was a miner and died in an accident in 1973. The mother died 2 years later when Radoslav was 14 years of age so he had to take care of his grandparents, brother and sisters. In 1980 Radoslav served in army and started to work in electric industry. During this time, Radoslav's character traits were boldness, austerity, fervor of spirit, determination.		Fr. Chariton was born as Radoslav on November 21, 1960 in a pious family of Orthodox Christians. His parents' names were Budimir and Milka Lukic. They had 2 sons and 3 daughters. The hieromonk who was baptizing Radoslav, predicted that the child would become a monk, but at that time, nobody noticed those words. The father, Budimir Lukic, was a miner and died in an accident in 1973. The mother died 2 years later when Radoslav was 14 years of age so he had to take care of his grandparents, brother and sisters. In 1980 Radoslav served in army and started to work in electric industry. During this time, Radoslav's character traits were boldness, austerity, fervor of spirit, determination.

	The Providence led Radoslav to participation in the war in ~~Crotatia~~ in 1990. The horrors of war and the closeness of death completely ~~soften~~ the ~~grounds~~ of Radoslav's heart so that he became spiritually prepared for the monastic life. He met Hegumen Elias (Milinkovic) from the monastery of St. John the Baptist near the town of ~~Nish~~. Fr. Elias became his spiritual father. Radoslav began to fast and pray, and his zeal especially increased when he visited the Holy Land in 1995. He wanted to stay there in the monastery of St. ~~Savas~~ but Fr. Elias blessed Radoslav to enter the Crna Reka monastery of ~~Rashko-~~Prizren ~~diocese~~.		The Providence led Radoslav to participation in the war in Croatia in 1990. The horrors of war and the closeness of death completely softened the ground of Radoslav's heart so that he became spiritually prepared for the monastic life. He met Hegumen Elias (Milinkovic) from the monastery of St. John the Baptist near the town of Niš. Fr. Elias became his spiritual father. Radoslav began to fast and pray, and his zeal especially increased when he visited the Holy Land in 1995. He wanted to stay there in the monastery of St. Sabbas but Fr. Elias blessed Radoslav to enter the Crna Reka monastery of the [[w:Eparchy of Raška and Prizren\|Diocese of Raška and Prizren]].

	Radoslav became a novice at the Crna Reka monastery located in Ribariće and started to work in different obediences cutting out his will. He avoided jokes and talks with others, was striving to gain patience, humility and love for other people. Besides his monastery duties, he every day visited one poor old woman who lived nearby and helped her, brought her food, chopped wood and heated the house.		Radoslav became a novice at the Crna Reka monastery located in Ribariće and started to work in different obediences cutting out his will. He avoided jokes and talks with others, was striving to gain patience, humility and love for other people. Besides his monastery duties, he every day visited one poor old woman who lived nearby and helped her, brought her food, chopped wood and heated the house.

	Two years later, he was sent to the monastery of St. Mark and then to the monastery of ~~St.~~ Archangels near Prizren.		Two years later, he was sent to the monastery of St. Mark and then to the monastery of the Holy Archangels near Prizren.

	On May 2 (April 19), 1998, Radoslav was tonsured a monk by Bishop ~~Artemy~~ with the name of St. Chariton the ~~Consfessor~~ (Chariton is Greek translation of Radoslav).		On May 2 (April 19), 1998, Radoslav was tonsured a monk by Bishop Artemije with the name of St. Chariton the Confessor (Chariton is Greek translation of Radoslav).

	Fr. Chariton secretly wanted the cross of suffering for Christ. It is concluded from the fact that the accepted without fear an obedience which was to help people in the time of the largest criminal and terrorist activity when many people were killed and many others had to flee from Kosovo. When monks were offered to temporary leave Kosovo due to terrorist activity, Fr. Chariton refused. Chariton was finding people who were in dangerous situation and transported them in safer places. His dedication and fearlessness became apparent when he was removing the killed Serbian soldiers from center of Prizren occupied by Albanians. At the same time, Chariton never said a bad word about the enemies, especially about civilian Albanians, seeing in them a Lord's creation.

	~~On June 15, 1999, about 11 AM,~~ Fr. Chariton~~'s car was stopped by a group~~ of ~~terrorists in uniform~~. ~~They took Chariton into~~ an ~~unknown place. That happened~~ in ~~front~~ of ~~German peacekeepers~~ and ~~a journalist. The German journalist filmed everything~~ and ~~informed the bishop about that~~. When Fr. ~~Elias,~~ the ~~first spiritual father~~ of Chariton, ~~got to know~~ about ~~this kidnapping~~, ~~he said: "Father Chariton is~~ a ~~martyr for Christ"~~.		Fr. Chariton secretly wanted the cross of suffering for Christ. It is concluded from the fact that he accepted without fear an obedience which was to help people in the time of the largest criminal and terrorist activity when many people were killed and many others had to flee from Kosovo. When monks were offered to temporary leave Kosovo due to terrorist activity, Fr. Chariton refused. Chariton was finding people who were in dangerous situation and transported them in safer places. His dedication and fearlessness became apparent when he was removing the killed Serbian soldiers from center of Prizren occupied by Albanians. At the same time, Chariton never said a bad word about the enemies, especially about civilian Albanians, seeing in them a Lord's creation.

	~~The body of~~ Fr. Chariton was ~~found on August 8th, 2000, in an unmarked individual grave in~~ the ~~cemetery~~ of the Albanian ~~village~~ of ~~Tusus near~~ Prizren ~~by the Commission~~ of ~~exhumation. The body was decapitated~~ and ~~severely mutilated~~. The ~~head was not found. There were ID~~ and ~~prayer rope with~~ the ~~body~~. ~~The body was buried in the first monastery of~~ Fr. ~~Chariton – Crna Reka on November 12~~, ~~2000. His~~ spiritual father, ~~Fr. Elias~~, ~~reposed in 2004 and lies in~~ a ~~neighboring grave~~.		On June 15, 1999, about 11 AM, Fr. Chariton's car was stopped by a group of armed men wearing the uniforms and insignia of the KLA (in Albanian UÇK), whom his diocese describes as Kosovo Albanian terrorists.<ref name="kosovonet">[https://www.kosovo.net/hariton.html New Martyrs of Our Times: Fr. Hariton Lukic] (Diocese of Raška and Prizren)</ref> They took Chariton into an unknown place. That happened in front of German peacekeepers and a journalist. The German journalist filmed everything and informed the bishop about that. When Fr. Elias, the first spiritual father of Chariton, got to know about this kidnapping, he said: "Father Chariton is a martyr for Christ".

	In an interview, Archimandrite Luke (Anich) tells about one event that happened in 1999: "What happened to me is something that I did not understand and I was not ready for. It happened at the ordination of Bishop ~~Gregory Zahumsko-Herzegovinian~~ in the town of Trebinje. After ordination, there was a meal. There was a head table for us, the abbots of large monasteries. But one of the abbots did not come, and Fr. Chariton was put in his place because there was no other place. He was placed between the abbots, and he became a monk only a year ago. However, as soon as he sat down next to me, such feeling of peace spread from him that I was just amazed. "How is it possible - I thought - that after only one year of monastic life, a person has acquired such peace." It was a complete peace that carries over to the others and that is inspiring. I remember that his hands were covered with some small scratches. He looked like he was a monk for 30-40 years. I felt like a small child in front of him, as to the older brother, who has over a decade of monastic life, who has passed all its trials and temptations, and was granted peace. Such a peace I already felt close to some people, great ascetics, and the same ~~piece~~ spread from Chariton. I was shocked. We were not even talking too much during that meal, that much he shone with the peace. A few days later, Chariton was martyred."		The body of Fr. Chariton was found on August 8th, 2000, in an unmarked individual grave in the cemetery of the Albanian village of Tusus near Prizren by the Commission of exhumation. The body was decapitated and severely mutilated. The head was not found. His identity card and prayer rope were with the body. The body was buried in the first monastery of Fr. Chariton – Crna Reka on November 12, 2000. His spiritual father, Fr. Elias, reposed in 2004 and lies in a neighboring grave.

			In an interview, Archimandrite Luke (Anich) tells about one event that happened in 1999: "What happened to me is something that I did not understand and I was not ready for. It happened at the ordination of Bishop Grigorije of Zahumlje and Herzegovina in the town of Trebinje. After ordination, there was a meal. There was a head table for us, the abbots of large monasteries. But one of the abbots did not come, and Fr. Chariton was put in his place because there was no other place. He was placed between the abbots, and he became a monk only a year ago. However, as soon as he sat down next to me, such feeling of peace spread from him that I was just amazed. "How is it possible - I thought - that after only one year of monastic life, a person has acquired such peace." It was a complete peace that carries over to the others and that is inspiring. I remember that his hands were covered with some small scratches. He looked like he was a monk for 30-40 years. I felt like a small child in front of him, as to the older brother, who has over a decade of monastic life, who has passed all its trials and temptations, and was granted peace. Such a peace I already felt close to some people, great ascetics, and the same peace spread from Chariton. I was shocked. We were not even talking too much during that meal, that much he shone with the peace. A few days later, Chariton was martyred."

	Archimandrite Luke (Anich) adds: "I spoke to some bishops, they said that you can pray to him as to a saint, he is a saint, he was killed because he wanted to protect others. Complete, all-embracing peace emanating from him was such that it is evident - he reached the heights of the spiritual life and was ready to finish his earthly journey."		Archimandrite Luke (Anich) adds: "I spoke to some bishops, they said that you can pray to him as to a saint, he is a saint, he was killed because he wanted to protect others. Complete, all-embracing peace emanating from him was such that it is evident - he reached the heights of the spiritual life and was ready to finish his earthly journey."

			==Fr. Stefan (Purić)==
			Fr. Chariton was not the only monk of the diocese to be abducted. Hieromonk Stefan (Purić) (1964-1999) was a spiritual son of [[Thaddeus (Strabulovich) of Vitovnica\|Elder Thaddeus of Vitovnica]]. With the blessing of Patriarch Pavle, he served as priest to the nuns, first at the Patriarchate of Peć and later at [[w:Budisavci Monastery\|Budisavci Monastery]] near Klina.<ref name="sputnik">[https://lat.sputnikportal.rs/20200725/dva-monstruozna-ubistva-srpskih-monaha-na-kosovu--u-temelju-lazne-drzave-1123051653.html Dva monstruozna ubistva srpskih monaha na Kosovu] (Sputnik Srbija, July 25, 2020, in Serbian)</ref>

			After the war, Serbian civilians, most of them elderly people, women and children, took refuge at Budisavci. On July 19, 1999, Fr. Stefan set out with a cart to fetch food for them, together with Vujadin Vujović, a teacher who was sheltering at the monastery. Neither man returned. Their overturned cart was later found near the first house along the road from the monastery.<ref name="sputnik" /> His diocese states that he was abducted by armed KLA men.<ref name="kosovonet" />

			What happened to him afterwards has never been confirmed. According to unconfirmed reports from the Albanian side, cited by his diocese, he was murdered and his body was thrown into an empty well.<ref name="kosovonet" /> Archimandrite Sava (Janjić), abbot of [[Decani Monastery\|Visoki Dečani]], later wrote that both men were beheaded and their bodies thrown into a pit.<ref name="sputnik" /> His diocese honours Fr. Stefan and Fr. Chariton together as new martyrs.

			==References==
			<references />

	==Sources==		==Sources==
	*[~~http~~://www.kosovo.net/hariton.html New Martyrs of ~~our times.~~ Fr. Hariton Lukic]		*[https://www.kosovo.net/hariton.html New Martyrs of Our Times: Fr. Hariton Lukic] (Diocese of Raška and Prizren)
	*{{Sr icon}} [http://www.obitel-minsk.by/UserFiles/files/Hariton_novomucenik_crnorecki.zip Living of Chariton the new-martyr of ~~Crna Reka. Crna Reka monastery] (ZIP~~)		*[https://srpska.ru/article.php?nid=20479 Life of Chariton Lukic] (Srpska.ru, in Russian)
	*~~{{Ru icon}}~~ [~~http~~://~~www.~~srpska.ru/article.php?nid=20479 ~~Living~~ of Chariton Lukic]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160308085843/http://obitel-minsk.by/_oid100076525.html Interview with Archimandrite Luke (Anich)] (St. Elisabeth Convent, Minsk, in Russian; archived copy)
	*~~{{Ru icon}}~~ [http://obitel-minsk.by/_oid100076525.html Interview with Archimandrite Luke (Anich)]

	[[Category: Monastics]]		[[Category:Monastics]]

Seraphim (Tsujie) of Japan

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:51:21 GMT

Update layout and add infobox

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{orthodoxyinjapan}}
 His Eminence '''Seraphim (Tsujie)''' is the [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Archbishop]] of Tokyo, [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Metropolitan]] of All Japan, and [[primate]] of the [[Church of Japan]] since 2023. Before his election he was the ruling [[bishop]] of the Diocese of Sendai and Eastern Japan for 23 years.
@@ Line 15: / Line 34: @@
 In 2013, Abp. Seraphim consecrated the first church building of the parish in Tono, Iwate Prefecture, on [[May 19]],<ref name="tono2013"/> and on [[November 24]] a temporary church for the parish in Yamada, where the first [[Divine Liturgy]] since the disaster was then served.<ref name="yamada2013"/>
-The council of the Church of Japan held on [[July 6]]–7, 2019, also named him a vicar of the Diocese of Tokyo.<ref name="primate2023"/> In September 2020, he served the vigil and, with Metr. [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel (Nushiro)]], the Divine Liturgy at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] for the 150th anniversary of the Russian mission in Japan, the 50th anniversary of the Church's [[autonomy]] and the 50th anniversary of the glorification of St. Nicholas.<ref name="anniv2020"/> On [[February 27]], 2022, he consecrated the new Holy Trinity church of the Yamate parish.<ref name="yamate2022"/>
+The council of the Church of Japan held on [[July 6]]-7, 2019, also named him a vicar of the Diocese of Tokyo.<ref name="primate2023"/> In September 2020, he served the vigil and, with Metr. [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel (Nushiro)]], the Divine Liturgy at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] for the 150th anniversary of the Russian mission in Japan, the 50th anniversary of the Church's [[autonomy]] and the 50th anniversary of the glorification of St. Nicholas.<ref name="anniv2020"/> On [[February 27]], 2022, he consecrated the new Holy Trinity church of the Yamate parish.<ref name="yamate2022"/>
 ==Primate of Japan==

Template:Bishop

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:49:33 GMT

Add bishop, archbishop, metropolitan template

New page

<includeonly>{| class="infobox" cellpadding="4" style="width:22em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse:collapse; background:#f8f9fa; padding:0;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; line-height:1.3em; background:#efe0b0; border-bottom:1px solid #c8b88a;" | {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}

|- style="{{#if:{{{image|}}}||display:none}}"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{#if:{{{image|}}}|[[File:{{{image}}}|{{#if:{{{image_size|}}}|{{{image_size}}}|150px}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]]}}<div style="font-size:90%;">{{{caption|}}}</div>
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{rank|}}}||display:none}}"
! Rank
| {{{rank|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{title|}}}||display:none}}"
! Title
| {{{title|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{church|}}}||display:none}}"
! Church
| {{{church|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{term|}}}||display:none}}"
! In office
| {{{term|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{predecessor|}}}||display:none}}"
! Predecessor
| {{{predecessor|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{successor|}}}||display:none}}"
! Successor
| {{{successor|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{previous|}}}||display:none}}"
! Previous post(s)
| {{{previous|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{birth_name|}}}||display:none}}"
! Birth name
| {{{birth_name|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{born|}}}||display:none}}"
! Born
| {{{born|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{deacon|}}}||display:none}}"
! Ordained [[deacon]]
| {{{deacon|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{priest|}}}||display:none}}"
! Ordained [[Presbyter|priest]]
| {{{priest|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{tonsure|}}}||display:none}}"
! Monastic [[tonsure]]
| {{{tonsure|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{consecrated|}}}||display:none}}"
! [[Consecration of a bishop|Consecrated]]
| {{{consecrated|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{enthroned|}}}||display:none}}"
! [[Enthronement|Enthroned]]
| {{{enthroned|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{died|}}}||display:none}}"
! Reposed
| {{{died|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{buried|}}}||display:none}}"
! Buried
| {{{buried|}}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; {{#if:{{{website|}}}||display:none}}"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | {{{website|}}}
|}</includeonly><noinclude>
This template adds an information box to articles about [[bishop]]s of every rank: bishops (including [[Auxiliary bishop|auxiliary]] and [[Titular bishop|titular]] bishops), archbishops, metropolitans, [[catholicos]]es, [[patriarch]]s and popes. In the Orthodox Church these are all ranks of the one order of bishop, so one box serves them all; the <code>rank</code> field says which. Put it at the very top of the article, above any series box. For [[saint]]s, use [[Template:Saint]] instead; a bishop who is also a saint takes the Saint box.

Every field is optional; rows with no value are not shown. If <code>name</code> is left out, the page name is used.

==Editing this template==
Each field is one table row of three lines:
<pre>
|- style="border-top:1px solid #dcd7c8; vertical-align:top; {{#if:{{{title|}}}||display:none}}"
! Title
| {{{title|}}}
</pre>
The <code>#if</code> at the end of the first line hides the row when the field is empty. To add a field, copy a row and change the label and the field name in both places. The box's size, border and background are set once, on the first line (<code>{|</code>). [[Template:Church]], [[Template:Diocese]], [[Template:Parish]], [[Template:Saint]] and [[Template:Monastery]] use the same layout; keep them matching.

==Usage==
<pre>
{{Bishop
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| rank =
| title =
| church =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| previous =
| birth_name =
| born =
| deacon =
| priest =
| tonsure =
| consecrated =
| enthroned =
| died =
| buried =
| website =
}}
</pre>

==Parameters==
{| class="wikitable"
! Parameter !! Shown as !! Notes
|-
| <code>name</code> || header || Defaults to the page name. Usually the rank and name, e.g. <nowiki>Metropolitan Seraphim (Tsujie)</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>image</code> || picture || A portrait. File name only, without <code>File:</code>.
|-
| <code>image_size</code> || || Defaults to 150px.
|-
| <code>alt</code> || || Alt text for the image, for readers who cannot see it.
|-
| <code>caption</code> || text under the picture ||
|-
| <code>rank</code> || Rank || The highest rank held, linked, e.g. <nowiki>[[Bishop]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Archbishop]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Metropolitan]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Catholicos]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Patriarch]]</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>title</code> || Title || The bishop's current or last see, in full, e.g. <nowiki>Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>church</code> || Church || Link to the Church, e.g. <nowiki>[[Church of Japan]]</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>term</code> || In office || Years in the see given in <code>title</code>, e.g. <nowiki>2023–present</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>predecessor</code> || Predecessor || In the see given in <code>title</code>. Link to the article.
|-
| <code>successor</code> || Successor || As above.
|-
| <code>previous</code> || Previous post(s) || Earlier sees with years, separated by semicolons, e.g. <nowiki>Bishop of Kyoto (1999–2000)</nowiki>.
|-
| <code>birth_name</code> || Birth name || Name before monastic tonsure.
|-
| <code>born</code> || Born || Date and place.
|-
| <code>deacon</code> || Ordained deacon || Date.
|-
| <code>priest</code> || Ordained priest || Date.
|-
| <code>tonsure</code> || Monastic tonsure || Date, and the monastic name if useful.
|-
| <code>consecrated</code> || Consecrated || Date and the see he was consecrated for.
|-
| <code>enthroned</code> || Enthroned || Date and place, for a ruling bishop or primate.
|-
| <code>died</code> || Reposed || Date and place.
|-
| <code>buried</code> || Buried || Place.
|-
| <code>website</code> || link at the bottom || Write the full link, e.g. <nowiki>[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/ Orthodox Church in Japan]</nowiki>
|}

The full succession of each see still goes in the <code><nowiki>{{succession}}</nowiki></code> box at the bottom of the article.

==Example==
From [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Japan]]. The code below produces the box on the right:
{{Bishop
| name = Metropolitan Seraphim (Tsujie)
| image = SeraphimTsujieSendai.jpg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = As Bishop of Sendai
| rank = [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Metropolitan]]
| title = Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan
| church = [[Church of Japan]]
| term = 2023–present
| predecessor = [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel (Nushiro)]]
| previous = Bishop of Sendai (2000–2023)
| birth_name = Noboru Tsudzie
| born = March 23, 1951, Akita, Japan
| deacon = November 5, 1989
| priest = August 18, 1991
| tonsure = August 20, 1999
| consecrated = January 15, 2000, as Bishop of Sendai
| enthroned = October 22, 2023, Holy Resurrection Cathedral, Tokyo
}}
<pre>
{{Bishop
| name = Metropolitan Seraphim (Tsujie)
| image = SeraphimTsujieSendai.jpg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = As Bishop of Sendai
| rank = [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans|Metropolitan]]
| title = Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan
| church = [[Church of Japan]]
| term = 2023–present
| predecessor = [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel (Nushiro)]]
| previous = Bishop of Sendai (2000–2023)
| birth_name = Noboru Tsudzie
| born = March 23, 1951, Akita, Japan
| deacon = November 5, 1989
| priest = August 18, 1991
| tonsure = August 20, 1999
| consecrated = January 15, 2000, as Bishop of Sendai
| enthroned = October 22, 2023, Holy Resurrection Cathedral, Tokyo
}}
</pre>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

[[Category:Content Templates|Bishop]]
</noinclude>

Template:Orthodoxyinjapan

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:38:31 GMT

Change Abp to Metr Seraphim

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, October 29, 2026
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	* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Bp. Seraphim (Sigrist)]]		* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Bp. Seraphim (Sigrist)]]
	* [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Metr. Daniel (Nushiro)]]		* [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Metr. Daniel (Nushiro)]]
	* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of ~~Sendai~~\|~~Abp~~. Seraphim (Tsujie)]]		* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Japan\|Metr. Seraphim (Tsujie)]]
	\|-		\|-
	! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| People		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| People

Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:35:58 GMT

Hafvindur moved page Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai to Seraphim (Tsujie) of Japan Now Metropolitan of All Japan (2023); match naming of other primates

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, October 29, 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
	[[File:SeraphimTsujieSendai.jpg\|right\|thumb\|160px]]		[[File:SeraphimTsujieSendai.jpg\|right\|thumb\|160px]]
	~~Archbishop~~ '''Seraphim (Tsujie) ~~of Sendai~~''' is the ~~ruling~~ [[~~bishop~~]] of ~~the Diocese~~ of ~~Sendai~~ and ~~Eastern Japan~~ of the [[Church of Japan]].		His Eminence '''Seraphim (Tsujie)''' is the [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]] of Tokyo, [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Metropolitan]] of All Japan, and [[primate]] of the [[Church of Japan]] since 2023. Before his election he was the ruling [[bishop]] of the Diocese of Sendai and Eastern Japan for 23 years.

	==Life==		==Life==
	Bishop Seraphim was born Noboru Tsudzie on [[March 23]], 1951. He was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]] on [[November 5]], 1989. On [[August 18]], 1991, Dcn. Noboru was ordained a [[priest]].		Bishop Seraphim was born Noboru Tsudzie on [[March 23]], 1951, in Akita City, Akita Prefecture. He was [[baptism\|baptized]] into the Orthodox Church in 1987, and studied at the [[Tokyo Orthodox Seminary (Tokyo, Japan)\|Tokyo Orthodox Seminary]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref name="primate2023"/> He was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]] on [[November 5]], 1989. On [[August 18]], 1991, Dcn. Noboru was ordained a [[Presbyter\|priest]].

	Choosing to become a [[monasticism\|monastic]], Fr. Noboru was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Seraphim on [[August 20]], 1999. He was elevated to the dignity of [[hegumen]] on [[September 6]], 1999, and then to [[archimandrite]] on [[January 9]], 2000. His [[consecration of a bishop\|consecration]] as Bishop of Sendai was on [[January 15]], 2000.		Choosing to become a [[monasticism\|monastic]], Fr. Noboru was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Seraphim on [[August 20]], 1999. He was elevated to the dignity of [[Igumen\|hegumen]] on [[September 6]], 1999, and then to [[archimandrite]] on [[January 9]], 2000. His [[consecration of a bishop\|consecration]] as Bishop of Sendai was on [[January 15]], 2000.

			==Bishop of Sendai==
	His [[diocese]] suffered greatly from the great earthquake of [[March 11]], 2011, particularly from the resulting great tsunami that followed. The Church of the Annunciation in Yamada-cho, that was destroyed after the tsunami and fire, was among the most seriously damaged church property. Fortunately the death toll among the Orthodox Christians was limited with a report of eight deaths.[http://www.orthodox-jp.com/westjapan/earthquake/201103earthquake_en.html]		His [[diocese]] suffered greatly from the great earthquake of [[March 11]], 2011, particularly from the resulting great tsunami that followed. The Church of the Annunciation in Yamada-cho, that was destroyed after the tsunami and fire, was among the most seriously damaged church property. Fortunately the death toll among the Orthodox Christians was limited with a report of eight deaths.[http://www.orthodox-jp.com/westjapan/earthquake/201103earthquake_en.html]

	On [[July 8]], 2012, by the decision of Council of the Japanese Orthodox Church, he was elevated to the dignity of [[archbishop]].		On [[July 8]], 2012, by the decision of Council of the Japanese Orthodox Church, he was elevated to the dignity of [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|archbishop]]. In September of that year, during the visit of Patr. [[Kyrill (Gundyayev) of Moscow\|Kirill]] of Moscow to Japan, he was among the clergy who received the new Order of St. [[Nicholas of Japan]].<ref name="kirill2012"/>

			In 2013, Abp. Seraphim consecrated the first church building of the parish in Tono, Iwate Prefecture, on [[May 19]],<ref name="tono2013"/> and on [[November 24]] a temporary church for the parish in Yamada, where the first [[Divine Liturgy]] since the disaster was then served.<ref name="yamada2013"/>

			The council of the Church of Japan held on [[July 6]]–7, 2019, also named him a vicar of the Diocese of Tokyo.<ref name="primate2023"/> In September 2020, he served the vigil and, with Metr. [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Daniel (Nushiro)]], the Divine Liturgy at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] for the 150th anniversary of the Russian mission in Japan, the 50th anniversary of the Church's [[autonomy]] and the 50th anniversary of the glorification of St. Nicholas.<ref name="anniv2020"/> On [[February 27]], 2022, he consecrated the new Holy Trinity church of the Yamate parish.<ref name="yamate2022"/>

			==Primate of Japan==
			After the repose of Metr. Daniel on [[August 10]], 2023, Abp. Seraphim was the only remaining bishop of the Church of Japan. He served at Metr. Daniel's funeral and was chosen [[locum tenens]] on [[August 11]]. On [[September 28]], 2023, an extraordinary council in Tokyo elected him Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan, and Patr. Kirill approved the election the same day.<ref name="primate2023"/><ref name="svots2023"/>

			He was [[enthronement\|enthroned]] at Holy Resurrection Cathedral on [[October 22]], 2023. Metr. Anthony of Volokolamsk attended on behalf of the [[Church of Russia]], and the two senior clergy of the Japanese Church, Archpriests Mark Koike and Paul Oikawa, placed him on the throne.<ref name="enthrone2023"/>

			As primate, on [[May 11]], 2025, Metr. Seraphim consecrated the restored church of St. Matthew the Apostle in Toyohashi,<ref name="toyohashi2025"/> and on [[May 18]], 2025, he gave [[relics]] of St. Nicholas and the Gospel book St. Nicholas had used in his mission to the Convent of St. [[Elizabeth the New Martyr\|Elizabeth]] in England.<ref name="relics2025"/>

	{{start box}}		{{start box}}
Line 15:		Line 28:
	before=[[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Seraphim (Sigrist)]]\|		before=[[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Seraphim (Sigrist)]]\|
	title=Bishop of Sendai\|		title=Bishop of Sendai\|
	years=2000-~~Present~~\|		years=2000-2023\|
			after=—}}
			{{succession\|
			before=[[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Daniel (Nushiro)]]\|
			title=Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan\|
			years=2023-present\|
	after=—}}		after=—}}
	{{end box}}		{{end box}}

			==References==
			<references>
			<ref name="primate2023">[https://orthochristian.com/156339.html New primate elected for Japanese Orthodox Church], OrthoChristian.com, September 29, 2023.</ref>
			<ref name="svots2023">[https://www.svots.edu/alumni-news/memoriam-his-eminence-metropolitan-daniel-nushiro-tokyo-and-all-japan In Memoriam: His Eminence Metropolitan Daniel (Nushiro) of Tokyo and All Japan], St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, August 12, 2023.</ref>
			<ref name="enthrone2023">[https://mospat.ru/en/news/90916/ Enthronement of Primate of the Japanese Autonomous Orthodox Church takes place], Department for External Church Relations, Moscow Patriarchate, October 22, 2023.</ref>
			<ref name="kirill2012">[https://mospat.ru/en/news/53725/ Patriarch Kirill celebrates Divine Liturgy at Resurrection Cathedral in Tokyo], Department for External Church Relations, Moscow Patriarchate.</ref>
			<ref name="tono2013">[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/article/20130519.html 遠野ハリストス正教会新会堂成聖式] (Consecration of the new church in Tono), Orthodox Church in Japan, 2013 (in Japanese).</ref>
			<ref name="yamada2013">[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/article/20131124.html 山田正教会仮会堂成聖式] (Consecration of the temporary church in Yamada), Orthodox Church in Japan, 2013 (in Japanese).</ref>
			<ref name="anniv2020">[https://orthochristian.com/134005.html Japanese Church celebrates 150th anniversary of founding, 50th of autonomy, 50th of glorification of St. Nikolai of Japan], OrthoChristian.com, September 16, 2020.</ref>
			<ref name="yamate2022">[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/article/20220227.html 山手ハリストス正教会新聖堂成聖式] (Consecration of the new church of Yamate Orthodox Church), Orthodox Church in Japan, 2022 (in Japanese).</ref>
			<ref name="toyohashi2025">[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/article/20250511.html セラフィム府主教「豊橋聖堂・修復成聖式」執行] (Metr. Seraphim consecrates the restored Toyohashi church), Orthodox Church in Japan, 2025 (in Japanese).</ref>
			<ref name="relics2025">[https://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/article/20250518.html 在英女子修道院へ亜使徒聖ニコライ不朽体分与] (Relics of St. Nicholas given to a convent in England), Orthodox Church in Japan, 2025 (in Japanese).</ref>
			</references>

	==Source==		==Source==
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	[[Category: Bishops]]		[[Category: Bishops]]
	[[Category: Bishops of Sendai]]		[[Category: Bishops of Sendai]]
			[[Category:Bishops of Tokyo]]
			[[Category:Metropolitans of Japan]]
	[[Category:21st-century bishops]]		[[Category:21st-century bishops]]

Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:25:33 GMT

Update Archbishop Daniel's article, reposed 2023

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, October 29, 2026
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	{{orthodoxyinjapan}}		{{orthodoxyinjapan}}
	His Eminence '''Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan''', [[Archbishop]] of Tokyo, [[Metropolitan]] of All Japan, ~~is the current~~ [[primate]] of the [[Church of Japan]]. Prior to his election as Archbishop of Tokyo, Daniel was Bishop of Kyoto.		His Eminence '''Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan''' (1938–2023) was [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Archbishop]] of Tokyo, [[Bishop#Archbishops and Metropolitans\|Metropolitan]] of All Japan, and [[primate]] of the [[Church of Japan]] from 2000 until his repose in 2023. Prior to his election as Archbishop of Tokyo, Daniel was Bishop of Kyoto.

	==Life==		==Life==
	His Eminence Daniel was born Ikuo Yoshihara in Toyohashi, Aichi, in mid-Japan on [[September 5]], 1938~~, into an Orthodox family~~. He was [[baptism\|baptized]] with the name Jude. He graduated with a degree in French literature from Aichi University in 1962. He studied at [[Tokyo Orthodox Seminary (Tokyo, Japan)\|Tokyo Orthodox Seminary]] from 1962 to 1965 and [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)\|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] ~~from 1965 to 1969~~. During this time he married.		His Eminence Daniel was born Ikuo Yoshihara in Toyohashi, Aichi, in mid-Japan on [[September 5]], 1938. He became Orthodox and was [[baptism\|baptized]] in 1956 with the name Jude.<ref name="svots2023"/> He graduated with a degree in French literature from Aichi University in 1962. He studied at [[Tokyo Orthodox Seminary (Tokyo, Japan)\|Tokyo Orthodox Seminary]] from 1962 to 1965 and then at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)\|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]], where he earned a Master of Divinity in 1968.<ref name="svots2023"/> During this time he married.

	In November 1969, he was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]]. From 1970, he served as deacon at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] in Kanda, Tokyo. In 1972, he was ordained a [[priest]] and appointed to the [[parish]] of Toyohashi, his birthplace. Following the death of his wife, he adopted her last name (Nushiro) according to Japanese custom.		In November 1969, he was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]]. From 1970, he served as deacon at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] in Kanda, Tokyo. In January 1972, he was ordained a [[Presbyter\|priest]] and appointed to the [[parish]] of St. Matthew in Toyohashi, his birthplace, which he served until 1999.<ref name="svots2023"/> Following the death of his wife, he adopted her last name (Nushiro) according to Japanese custom.

	On [[August 20]], 1999, Fr. Jude was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Daniel. On [[November 14]], 1999, Hieromonk Daniel was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] a [[bishop]] and [[enthronement\|enthroned]] as the ruling [[bishop]] of the Diocese of Kyoto and Western Japan.		On [[August 20]], 1999, Fr. Jude was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Daniel. On [[November 14]], 1999, Hieromonk Daniel was [[consecration of a bishop\|consecrated]] a [[bishop]] and [[enthronement\|enthroned]] as the ruling [[bishop]] of the Diocese of Kyoto and Western Japan.

	~~After the repose of the ruling bishop of Japan,~~ Metropolitan [[Theodosius (Nagashima) of Japan\|Theodosius (Nagashima)]], on [[May 9]], 1999, Bp. Daniel ~~was elected his successor~~. He was [[Enthronement\|enthroned]] in Tokyo on [[May 14]], 2000 as Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan by [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow\|Patriarch Alexei II of Russia]].		Metropolitan [[Theodosius (Nagashima) of Japan\|Theodosius (Nagashima)]], the ruling bishop of Japan, had reposed on [[May 9]], 1999. In March 2000 a council of the Church of Japan elected Bp. [[Peter (Arihara) of Yokohoma\|Peter (Arihara)]] of Yokohama as his successor, but Bp. Peter fell gravely ill and resigned before his enthronement. On [[May 6]], 2000, the council elected Bp. Daniel instead. He was [[Enthronement\|enthroned]] in Tokyo on [[May 14]], 2000 as Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan by [[Alexei II (Ridiger) of Moscow\|Patriarch Alexei II of Russia]], the first Russian Patriarch ever to visit Japan.

	His Eminence is a devout student of [[Church Fathers]], especially Greek and Russian writers. For believers he ~~has written~~ several brochures about their teachings in Japanese, as well as publications that focused on daily reading and theological issues. In 2005, Metr. Daniel blessed the founding of a [[monastery]] for men near the Resurrection Cathedral in Tokyo.		His Eminence was a devout student of the [[Church Fathers]], especially Greek and Russian writers. For believers he wrote several brochures about their teachings in Japanese, as well as publications that focused on daily reading and theological issues. In 2005, Metr. Daniel blessed the founding of a [[Monasticism\|monastery]] for men near the Resurrection Cathedral in Tokyo.

	On [[January 27]], 2009, Metr. Daniel participated in the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church that elected Metr. Kyrill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad the successor to the late Patr. Alexei II. Metr. Daniel was a member of the Presidium of the Local Council.		On [[January 27]], 2009, Metr. Daniel participated in the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church that elected Metr. Kyrill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad the successor to the late Patr. Alexei II. Metr. Daniel was a member of the Presidium of the Local Council.

			In September 2012, during his visit to Japan for the centenary of the repose of St. [[Nicholas of Japan]], Patr. [[Kyrill (Gundyayev) of Moscow\|Kirill]] served the [[Divine Liturgy]] with Metr. Daniel at Holy Resurrection Cathedral and announced a new Order of St. Nicholas of Japan, whose first award went to Metr. Daniel.<ref name="kirill2012"/> In September 2020, Metr. Daniel led the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the Russian mission in Japan, the 50th anniversary of the Church's [[autonomy]], and the 50th anniversary of the glorification of St. Nicholas.<ref name="svots2023"/><ref name="anniv2020"/>

			==Repose==
			Metr. Daniel reposed on [[August 10]], 2023, at the age of 84, after 23 years as primate. A [[Memorial Services\|panikhida]] was served at Holy Resurrection Cathedral on [[August 16]], and on [[August 17]] the Divine Liturgy and his funeral were served there by Abp. [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai\|Seraphim (Tsujie)]] of Sendai. He was buried in the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery.<ref name="svots2023"/> Abp. Seraphim, the only remaining bishop of the Church of Japan, was chosen [[locum tenens]] on [[August 11]] and elected Metr. Daniel's successor on [[September 28]], 2023.<ref name="primate2023"/>

			==References==
			<references>
			<ref name="svots2023">[https://www.svots.edu/alumni-news/memoriam-his-eminence-metropolitan-daniel-nushiro-tokyo-and-all-japan In Memoriam: His Eminence Metropolitan Daniel (Nushiro) of Tokyo and All Japan], St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, August 12, 2023.</ref>
			<ref name="primate2023">[https://orthochristian.com/156339.html New primate elected for Japanese Orthodox Church], OrthoChristian.com, September 29, 2023.</ref>
			<ref name="kirill2012">[https://mospat.ru/en/news/53725/ Patriarch Kirill celebrates Divine Liturgy at Resurrection Cathedral in Tokyo], Department for External Church Relations, Moscow Patriarchate.</ref>
			<ref name="anniv2020">[https://orthochristian.com/134005.html Japanese Church celebrates 150th anniversary of founding, 50th of autonomy, 50th of glorification of St. Nikolai of Japan], OrthoChristian.com, September 16, 2020.</ref>
			</references>

	==External links==		==External links==
	*[http://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/daishukyou.html Daniel, Archbishop of Tokyo, Metropolitan of All Japan (Ikuo Nushiro)] (Japanese)		*[http://www.orthodoxjapan.jp/daishukyou.html Daniel, Archbishop of Tokyo, Metropolitan of All Japan (Ikuo Nushiro)] (Japanese)
	*[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/enarticles/031015173648 Interview with the Metropolitan of Tokyo and all Japan Daniel]		*[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/enarticles/031015173648 Interview with the Metropolitan of Tokyo and all Japan Daniel]
	*[[Wikipedia: ~~Metropolitan~~ Daniel (Nushiro~~) of Japan~~]]		*[[Wikipedia:Daniel Nushiro]]
	*[http://old.svots.edu/Events/chronological/2002.09.11.daniel/index.html Metropolitan Daniel, SVS Alumnus, Visits Campus]		*[http://old.svots.edu/Events/chronological/2002.09.11.daniel/index.html Metropolitan Daniel, SVS Alumnus, Visits Campus]

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	before=[[Theodosius (Nagashima) of Japan\|Theodosius (Nagashima)]]\|		before=[[Theodosius (Nagashima) of Japan\|Theodosius (Nagashima)]]\|
	title=Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan\|		title=Archbishop of Tokyo and Metropolitan of All Japan\|
	years=2000-~~present~~\|		years=2000-2023\|
	after=~~—~~}}		after=[[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai\|Seraphim (Tsujie)]]}}
	{{end box}}		{{end box}}

Sergius (Tikhomirov) of Japan

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:20:28 GMT

Update Metr. Sergius after timeline update

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, October 29, 2026
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	==Life==		==Life==
	[[Image:Met_Sergius(port).jpg\|thumb\|left\|Metropolitan Sergius of Tokyo and All Japan]]		[[Image:Met_Sergius(port).jpg\|thumb\|left\|Metropolitan Sergius of Tokyo and All Japan]]
	He was born Georgy Alexeevich Tikhomirov (Георгий Алексеевич Тихомиров) on [[June 3]], 1871 (OS) in the village of Guzh near [[Novgorod]], Russia into the family of a rural [[priest]]. His father, Alexei, was a popular and famous priest in the area. Georgy did well in elementary school and after graduation entered the [[St. Petersburg Theological Academy]], graduating in 1896. Upon graduation he continued at the Academy teaching theology. During his time at the St. Petersburg Academy he was noted as a prolific preacher and author of many works on Church history in the Novgorod region.		He was born Georgy Alexeevich Tikhomirov (Георгий Алексеевич Тихомиров) on [[June 3]], 1871 (OS) in the village of Guzh near [[Novgorod]], Russia into the family of a rural [[Presbyter\|priest]]. His father, Alexei, was a popular and famous priest in the area. Georgy did well in elementary school and after graduation entered the [[St. Petersburg Theological Academy]], graduating in 1896. Upon graduation he continued at the Academy teaching theology. During his time at the St. Petersburg Academy he was noted as a prolific preacher and author of many works on Church history in the Novgorod region.

	Prior to his graduation from the Academy he took [[monastic]] vows on [[September 7]], 1895, taking the monastic name Sergius. Then, on [[December 2]], 1895, he was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]] in the Isakievskii Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and two days later he was ordained a priest. He was subsequently appointed inspector at the Academy. In December 1899, Father Sergius was raised to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] and was named ~~[[Rector]]~~ of the Academy. On [[October 8]], 1905, Archimandrite Sergius was awarded his Doctor of Theology degree. Then, one month later he was elevated to the episcopacy, being consecrated Bishop of Iamburg and [[auxiliary bishop\|vicar]] to the archbishop of St. Petersburg. He was 35 years old, an uncommonly young age at the time for entry into the episcopacy.		Prior to his graduation from the Academy he took [[Monasticism\|monastic]] vows on [[September 7]], 1895, taking the monastic name Sergius. Then, on [[December 2]], 1895, he was [[ordination\|ordained]] a [[deacon]] in the Isakievskii Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and two days later he was ordained a priest. He was subsequently appointed inspector at the Academy. In December 1899, Father Sergius was raised to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] and was named rector of the Academy. On [[October 8]], 1905, Archimandrite Sergius was awarded his Doctor of Theology degree. Then, one month later he was elevated to the episcopacy, being consecrated Bishop of Iamburg and [[auxiliary bishop\|vicar]] to the archbishop of St. Petersburg. He was 35 years old, an uncommonly young age at the time for entry into the episcopacy.

	In 1908, Sergius was assigned to be the assistant of [[Nicholas of Japan\|Abp. Nicholas of Japan]] and his eventual successor. He arrived in Japan on [[June 27]], 1908 as the bishop of Kyoto. Already proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Hebrew, German, Latin, English~~, German~~, Arabic, and the Slavic languages, Bishop Sergius immediately began to get acquainted with Japan and its culture and language, and within a year he began preaching [[Orthodox Christianity]] among the Japanese people.		In 1908, Sergius was assigned to be the assistant of [[Nicholas of Japan\|Abp. Nicholas of Japan]] and his eventual successor. He arrived in Japan on [[June 27]], 1908 as the bishop of Kyoto. Already proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Hebrew, German, Latin, English, Arabic, and the Slavic languages, Bishop Sergius immediately began to get acquainted with Japan and its culture and language, and within a year he began preaching [[Introduction to Orthodox Christianity\|Orthodox Christianity]] among the Japanese people.

	Since all previous assistants sent to Japan to help Abp. Nicholas returned to Russia, the latter asked Sergius if he intended to remain in Japan permanently or to return in a few years as those earlier had. Sergius affirmed that he had come dedicating himself to remain for the rest of his life. Over the next few years Sergius involved himself deeply in the church and mission and gradually assumed management of the organization, allowing Nicholas to devote his time to the seminary and his extensive translation work. Sergius engrossed himself particularly in missionary efforts, visiting widely, from the southern part of Sakhalin that Japan had gained from Russia after the Russo-Japanese war, to Kuril Islands and Manchuria.		Since all previous assistants sent to Japan to help Abp. Nicholas returned to Russia, the latter asked Sergius if he intended to remain in Japan permanently or to return in a few years as those earlier had. Sergius affirmed that he had come dedicating himself to remain for the rest of his life. Over the next few years Sergius involved himself deeply in the church and mission and gradually assumed management of the organization, allowing Nicholas to devote his time to the seminary and his extensive translation work. Sergius engrossed himself particularly in missionary efforts, visiting widely, from the southern part of Sakhalin that Japan had gained from Russia after the Russo-Japanese war, to Kuril Islands and Manchuria.
Line 18:		Line 18:
	On [[September 1]], 1923, Tokyo was hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake. The earthquake caused serious damage to the [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] (Nikolai-do) at the mission's headquarters in Surugadai Kanda in Tokyo. The main bell tower collapsed onto the central dome severely damaging the building and the subsequent fires burned much what was left of the interior. Thus, Sergius had inherited adversity greater than would be expected. Rebuilding Nicolai-do became central for Sergius and in this he did not give up. He toured throughout Japan asking for donations. He asked a young musician, [[Victor Pokrovsky\|Victor A. Pokrovsky]], a refugee of the defeated White Army, to develop and lead the cathedral choir which toured Japan to raise money for the re-construction of the cathedral. Through these extraordinary efforts Nikolai-do was re-built and re-consecrated in just a little over six years. The re-consecration was held on [[December 15]], 1929 with 5,000 guests present including Abp [[Nestor (Anisimov) of Kamchatka]] from Harbin. Then, in 1931, Sergius was elevated to ''Metropolitan of All Japan'' by the [[Holy Synod]] in Moscow.		On [[September 1]], 1923, Tokyo was hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake. The earthquake caused serious damage to the [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]] (Nikolai-do) at the mission's headquarters in Surugadai Kanda in Tokyo. The main bell tower collapsed onto the central dome severely damaging the building and the subsequent fires burned much what was left of the interior. Thus, Sergius had inherited adversity greater than would be expected. Rebuilding Nicolai-do became central for Sergius and in this he did not give up. He toured throughout Japan asking for donations. He asked a young musician, [[Victor Pokrovsky\|Victor A. Pokrovsky]], a refugee of the defeated White Army, to develop and lead the cathedral choir which toured Japan to raise money for the re-construction of the cathedral. Through these extraordinary efforts Nikolai-do was re-built and re-consecrated in just a little over six years. The re-consecration was held on [[December 15]], 1929 with 5,000 guests present including Abp [[Nestor (Anisimov) of Kamchatka]] from Harbin. Then, in 1931, Sergius was elevated to ''Metropolitan of All Japan'' by the [[Holy Synod]] in Moscow.

	[[Image:MetSergiusJapanGrave.jpg\|thumb\|left\|~~200pxl~~\|Grave of Metr. Sergius in the Yanaka Cemetery, Tokyo, Japan]]		[[Image:MetSergiusJapanGrave.jpg\|thumb\|left\|200px\|Grave of Metr. Sergius in the Yanaka Cemetery, Tokyo, Japan]]
	Then, as the Japanese church began its recovery under the leadership of Metr. Sergius, the specter of militaristic nationalism began to rise in Japan. Under this new political climate pressures increased on all that was foreign and Christian. Eventually, in 1940, the pressures became too great. In September of 1940, the government enacted a law that Japanese nationals had to head all religious organizations. ~~Thus~~, Sergius, his choir director, Victor Pokrovsky, and other non-Japanese were removed from their positions in the church. ~~The metropolitan and his choir director were to spend World War II in obscurity~~, ~~harassment~~, ~~under suspicion~~ of ~~being Russian/American spies~~, ~~and were finally arrested in~~ the ~~Spring~~ of ~~1945 by~~ the ~~special police. In mid 1945, Sergius ended up under house arrest, his health impaired, and died under unusual circumstances on [[August 10]], 1945, only five days before Japan's part~~ in ~~World War II ended~~.		Then, as the Japanese church began its recovery under the leadership of Metr. Sergius, the specter of militaristic nationalism began to rise in Japan. Under this new political climate pressures increased on all that was foreign and Christian. Eventually, in 1940, the pressures became too great. In September of 1940, the government enacted a law that Japanese nationals had to head all religious organizations. Under pressure from the special police, Sergius was forced to resign on [[September 4]], 1940, and he, his choir director, Victor Pokrovsky, and other non-Japanese were removed from their positions in the church. On [[November 5]], 1940, Sergius handed the temporary running of the Church to a layman, Arseny Iwasawa, who had the trust of the military; in January 1941 a parish council removed Iwasawa.<ref name="rocor2018"/><ref name="azbyka"/>

	~~With~~ Japan ~~in disorder as~~ the ~~war was ending, Metr. Sergius~~'s ~~body was carried~~ for ~~the last rites~~ and ~~burial~~ in a "~~honey bucket~~" ~~cart~~, ~~as he had predicted to friends some years before when he pointed to such a cart that~~ was ~~passing them~~. ~~The metropolitan~~ was ~~buried beside St~~. ~~Nicholas of Japan~~, ~~his predecessor~~, in ~~the Yanaka Cemetery in Tokyo~~.		Sergius chose to stay in Japan. In January 1942 he left the mission's residence beside the cathedral for a house in Setagaya, Tokyo, and later lived in a one-room apartment in Itabashi, Tokyo.<ref name="rocor2018"/><ref name="azbyka"/> The metropolitan and his choir director were to spend World War II in obscurity, harassment, under suspicion of being Russian/American spies, and both were finally arrested by the special police in the spring of 1945. Sergius was accused of spying for the Soviet Union. He was held for about forty days and tortured, and at the age of 74 was released with his health broken.<ref name="rocor2018"/><ref name="azbyka"/> He died alone in his apartment in Itabashi on [[August 10]], 1945, only five days before Japan's part in World War II ended.

	With the intervention of the Japanese militaristic government into the affairs of the Japanese Orthodox Church by forcing all non-Japanese born members out of the Church, the Church administration was thrown into chaos. After the forced "retirement" of Metr. Sergius, the government requested that a Japanese be placed as the ruling bishop. In 1941, under the direction of the military government the [[Protopriest]] [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|John Ono]] was obliged to separate from his wife who became a nun at a [[monastery]] in Harbin, Manchuria, then ruled by Japan, and then was consecrated, under the monastic name of Nicholas, as the ruling bishop of Japan. Thus, Bp. [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|Nicholas (Ono)]] became the first Japanese Orthodox Christian to be consecrated a bishop, though it was under canonically suspect circumstances. Bp. Nicholas subsequently reconciled himself with the Japanese Orthodox Church before he died.		With Japan in disorder as the war was ending, Metr. Sergius's body was carried for the last rites and burial in a "honey bucket" cart, as he had predicted to friends some years before when he pointed to such a cart that was passing them. His funeral was held at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)\|Holy Resurrection Cathedral]], one of the few buildings in the area to survive the bombing,<ref name="rocor2018"/> and the metropolitan was buried beside St. Nicholas of Japan, his predecessor, in the Yanaka Cemetery in Tokyo.

			With the intervention of the Japanese militaristic government into the affairs of the Japanese Orthodox Church by forcing all non-Japanese born members out of the Church, the Church administration was thrown into chaos. After the forced "retirement" of Metr. Sergius, the government requested that a Japanese be placed as the ruling bishop. In 1941, under the direction of the military government the [[Archpriest\|Protopriest]] [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|John Ono]] was obliged to separate from his wife who became a nun at a [[Monasticism\|monastery]] in Harbin, Manchuria, then ruled by Japan, and then was consecrated, under the monastic name of Nicholas, as the ruling bishop of Japan. Thus, Bp. [[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|Nicholas (Ono)]] became the first Japanese Orthodox Christian to be consecrated a bishop, though it was under canonically suspect circumstances. Bp. Nicholas subsequently reconciled himself with the Japanese Orthodox Church before he died.

	{{start box}}		{{start box}}
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	after=[[Theophan (Bystrov) of Poltava\|Theophan (Bystrov)]]}}		after=[[Theophan (Bystrov) of Poltava\|Theophan (Bystrov)]]}}
	{{succession\|		{{succession\|
	before=[[Andronik of Perm\|Andronik (Nikolsky)]]\|		before=[[Andronik (Nikolsky) of Perm\|Andronik (Nikolsky)]]\|
	title=Bishop of Kyoto\|		title=Bishop of Kyoto\|
	years=1908-1912\|		years=1908-1912\|
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	after=[[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|Nicholas (Ono)]]<br>[[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh\|Benjamin (Basalyga)]]}}		after=[[Nicholas (Ono) of Japan\|Nicholas (Ono)]]<br>[[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh\|Benjamin (Basalyga)]]}}
	{{end box}}		{{end box}}

			==References==
			<references>
			<ref name="rocor2018">[https://www.rocorstudies.org/2018/02/28/the-foundation-of-the-japanese-orthodox-church/ The Foundation of the Japanese Orthodox Church], introduction by Archpriest Dionysii Pozdnyaev, ROCOR Studies, February 28, 2018.</ref>
			<ref name="azbyka">[https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Sergij_Tihomirov/ Митрополит Сергий (Тихомиров)] (Metropolitan Sergius (Tikhomirov)), Azbyka.ru (in Russian).</ref>
			</references>

	==External link==		==External link==

Timeline of Orthodoxy in Japan

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 12:16:00 GMT

Add a few dates and add info about Metr Sergius

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Template:Timeline of Church History

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:48:56 GMT

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-{| style="clear: both; text-align: center;" class="toccolours"
+{| class="navbox" cellspacing="0"
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-| align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | '''Eras'''
+! class="navbox-group" | Since 1453
-| align="left" style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Timeline of Church History (New Testament Era)|New Testament Era]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Apostolic Era (33-100))|Apostolic Era (33-100)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Ante-Nicene Era (100-325))|Ante-Nicene Era (100-325)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Nicene Era (325-451))|Nicene Era (325-451)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Byzantine Era (451-843))|Byzantine Era (451-843)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Late Byzantine Era (843-1054))|Late Byzantine Era (843-1054)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453))|Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821))|Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Modern Era (1821-1917))|Modern Era (1821-1917)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Communist Era (1917-1991))|Communist Era (1917-1991)]] | [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Communist Era (1991-Present))|Post-Communist Era (1991-Present)]] | <br> (Main articles)
+| class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" |
 |}
-|}<includeonly>[[Category:Timelines]]</includeonly>
+|}<includeonly>[[Category:Timelines]]</includeonly><noinclude>
-<noinclude>
+A navigation box for the [[Timeline of Church History]] and its eleven era articles. Articles place it at the top of the page.
-This template displays the series box and includes the article in [[:Category:Timelines]]
+This template includes the article in [[:Category:Timelines]].
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Template:Clergy/wide

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:46:26 GMT

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Template:Clergy

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:43:43 GMT

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Template:Orientalchurches

Hafvindur — Thu, 29 Oct 2026 11:37:21 GMT

Revise Oriental sidebar

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;"
+{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 16em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"
 |-
-| style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; background:#ccf"| '''[[Autocephaly|Autocephalous Churches]]'''
+! style="background: #ccf; padding: 0.4em 0.5em;" | <div style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: normal;">Part of a series on</div><div style="font-size: 130%;">[[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental Orthodoxy]]</div>
 |-
-| style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"| [[Church of Armenia|Armenia]] | [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Alexandria]] | [[Church of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] | [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Antioch]] | [[Church of India|India]] | [[Church of Eritrea|Eritrea]]
+| style="padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.2em;" | [[File:Coptic Cross.gif|60px|link=Oriental Orthodox|Coptic Orthodox Cross]]<div style="font-size: 85%; color: #555;">The Communion of Oriental Orthodox Churches</div>
 |-
+! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | Faith and history
 |-
-| style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; background:#ccf"| '''[[Autonomy|Autonomous Churches]]'''
+| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
 |-
-| style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"|'''Armenia''': [[Catholicosate of Cilicia|Cilicia]] | [[Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Armenian)|Jerusalem]] | [[Patriarchate of Constantinople (Armenian)|Constantinople]]<br>'''Antioch''': [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Jacobite Indian]]
+! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | [[Autocephaly|Autocephalous Churches]]
 |-
+| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
 |-
-|}
+! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | [[Autonomy|Autonomous Churches]]
-<noinclude>
+|-
 This template displays the series box. It does not add the article to any category.
 [[Category:Series templates|Orientalchurches]]
 </noinclude>

Template:OTProphets

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 13:02:22 GMT

Redirect to Template:Prophets shouldn't require downstream changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, October 28, 2026
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	~~{\| style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background: #f9f9f9;" align="right" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0~~		#REDIRECT [[Template:Prophets]]

	~~! style="padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background:~~#~~ccccff" align="center" \|~~ [[~~Old Testament Prophets]]<br />series~~
	\|-
	~~\| style="font-size~~: ~~90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; border-top: #aaa 1px solid;" \|~~
	~~[[Prophet\|Major~~ Prophets]]~~<br>~~
	* [[Isaiah]]
	* [[Jeremiah]]
	* [[Ezekiel]]
	* [[Prophet Daniel\|Daniel]]
	~~[[Prophet\|Minor Prophets]]<br>~~
	* [[Hosea]]
	* [[Amos]]
	* [[Micah]]
	* [[Joel]]
	* [[Obadiah]]
	* [[Jonah]]
	* [[Nahum]]
	* [[Habakkuk]]
	* [[Zephaniah]]
	* [[Haggai]]
	* [[Zechariah]]
	* [[Malachi]]
	~~\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Series templates]]</noinclude>~~

Template:Prophets

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 13:01:43 GMT

Update template and RM OTProphets

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Template:Spirituality/wide

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:58:38 GMT

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Gospel of John

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:34:33 GMT

Add sidebar

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:34, October 28, 2026
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	{{~~Gospels~~}}		{{NewTestament}}

	The '''Gospel of John''' (Κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγέλιον, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, kata Iōannēn euangelion, to euangelion kata Iōannēn) commonly referred to as '''The Gospel According to John''' is an account of the life and ministry of [[Jesus Christ\|Jesus of Nazareth]]. It details the story of Jesus from his [[Baptism]] to his [[Resurrection]]. In the standard order of the canonical [[Gospels\|gospels]], it is fourth, after the synoptic gospels Matthew, Mark and Luke.		The '''Gospel of John''' (Κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγέλιον, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, kata Iōannēn euangelion, to euangelion kata Iōannēn) commonly referred to as '''The Gospel According to John''' is an account of the life and ministry of [[Jesus Christ\|Jesus of Nazareth]]. It details the story of Jesus from his [[Baptism]] to his [[Resurrection]]. In the standard order of the canonical [[Gospels\|gospels]], it is fourth, after the synoptic gospels Matthew, Mark and Luke.

Gospel of Luke

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:34:11 GMT

Add sidebar

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:34, October 28, 2026
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	{{~~Gospels~~}}		{{NewTestament}}

	The '''Gospel of Luke''' (literally, "according to Luke") is a synoptic [[Gospels\|Gospel]] and the third book in the [[New Testament]] [[Biblical canon\|canon]].		The '''Gospel of Luke''' (literally, "according to Luke") is a synoptic [[Gospels\|Gospel]] and the third book in the [[New Testament]] [[Biblical canon\|canon]].

Gospel of Mark

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:33:48 GMT

Update sidebar

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:33, October 28, 2026
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	{{~~Gospels~~}}		{{NewTestament}}

	The '''Gospel of Mark''' is the second [[Gospel]] of the [[New Testament]]; chronologically the first Gospel written. Like the other four gospels; Mark (known as John Mark) was one of the 12 disciples who used [[Apostle Peter\|Peter]] as the primary source of his gospel as well as his own personal experiences.		The '''Gospel of Mark''' is the second [[Gospel]] of the [[New Testament]]; chronologically the first Gospel written. Like the other four gospels; Mark (known as John Mark) was one of the 12 disciples who used [[Apostle Peter\|Peter]] as the primary source of his gospel as well as his own personal experiences.

Template:OldTestament

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:32:13 GMT

Add note

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, October 28, 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:OldTestament\|action=edit}} Edit this box]		\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:OldTestament\|action=edit}} Edit this box]
	\|}		\|}<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}
	<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}

	This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category.		This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category. It matches [[Template:NewTestament]]; keep the two looking the same.

	The books are listed in the order of the [[Septuagint]].		The books are listed in the order of the [[Septuagint]].
	[[Category:Series templates\|Old Testament]][[el:Πρότυπο:Παλαιά Διαθήκη]]</noinclude>		[[Category:Series templates\|Old Testament]][[el:Πρότυπο:Παλαιά Διαθήκη]]</noinclude>

Gospel of Matthew

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:31:36 GMT

Add NT side bar and basic update to layout

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, October 28, 2026
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	{{~~Gospels~~}}		{{NewTestament}}

	~~[[Image:Lisdisfarnematthew.jpg\|right\|thumb\|The opening page of the Gospel of Matthew from the eighth-century [[Lindisfarne Gospels]].]]~~

	The '''Gospel of Matthew''' (literally, "according to Matthew"; Greek, Κατα Μαθθαίον or Κατα Ματθαίον) is the first [[Gospels\|Gospel]] in the [[New Testament]]. Traditionally, it was written by the [[Apostle Matthew]], a former tax-collector who became one of the twelve [[apostles]] who witnessed the earthly ministry, [[crucifixion]], and [[Resurrection]] of our Lord [[Jesus Christ]].		The '''Gospel of Matthew''' (literally, "according to Matthew"; Greek, Κατα Μαθθαίον or Κατα Ματθαίον) is the first [[Gospels\|Gospel]] in the [[New Testament]]. Traditionally, it was written by the [[Apostle Matthew]], a former tax-collector who became one of the twelve [[apostles]] who witnessed the earthly ministry, [[crucifixion]], and [[Resurrection]] of our Lord [[Jesus Christ]].

	==Authorship and writing of the Gospel==		==Authorship and writing of the Gospel==
			[[Image:Lisdisfarnematthew.jpg\|right\|thumb\|The opening page of the Gospel of Matthew from the eighth-century [[Lindisfarne Gospels]].]]
	Although the document is internally anonymous, the authorship of this Gospel has been traditionally ascribed to St. Matthew. The surviving testimony of the [[Church Fathers]] is unanimous in this view, and the tradition had been accepted by Christians at least as early as the 2nd century up to modern times. In addition, the title "According to Matthew" is found in the earliest codices, which date to the fourth century.<ref>[[w:Gospel of Matthew\|''Gospel of Matthew'' at Wikipedia]]</ref>		Although the document is internally anonymous, the authorship of this Gospel has been traditionally ascribed to St. Matthew. The surviving testimony of the [[Church Fathers]] is unanimous in this view, and the tradition had been accepted by Christians at least as early as the 2nd century up to modern times. In addition, the title "According to Matthew" is found in the earliest codices, which date to the fourth century.<ref>[[w:Gospel of Matthew\|''Gospel of Matthew'' at Wikipedia]]</ref>

Template:NewTestament

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:26:10 GMT

Create Template:NewTestament

New page

{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 16em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"
|-
! style="background: #ccf; padding: 0.4em 0.5em;" | <div style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: normal;">Part of a series on the</div><div style="font-size: 130%;">[[New Testament]]</div>
|-
! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | [[Gospels]] and Acts
|-
| class="hlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
* [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]]
* [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]]
* [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]
* [[Gospel of John|John]]
* [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]]
|-
! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | [[Apostle Paul|Pauline]] [[Apostolos|Epistles]]
|-
| class="hlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
* [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]]
* [[I Corinthians]]
* [[II Corinthians]]
* [[Galatians]]
* [[Ephesians]]
* [[Philippians]]
* [[Colossians]]
* [[I Thessalonians]]
* [[II Thessalonians]]
* [[I Timothy]]
* [[II Timothy]]
* [[Book of Titus|Titus]]
* [[Book of Philemon|Philemon]]
* [[Book of Hebrews|Hebrews]]
|-
! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | General Epistles
|-
| class="hlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
* [[Book of James|James]]
* [[I Peter]]
* [[II Peter]]
* [[I John]]
* [[II John]]
* [[III John]]
* [[Book of Jude|Jude]]
|-
! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" | Revelation
|-
| class="hlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
* [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]]
|-
| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" | [{{fullurl:Template:NewTestament|action=edit}} Edit this box]
|}
<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}

This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category. It matches [[Template:OldTestament]]; keep the two looking the same.

The books are listed in the same order as in the [[New Testament]] article.
[[Category:Series templates|New Testament]]</noinclude>

Template:OldTestament

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:23:02 GMT

Update template and modernise

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Template:Services

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:17:30 GMT

Update template

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, October 28, 2026
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	{\| ~~style~~="~~margin:0~~" ~~align~~="~~right" class="toccolours~~"		{\| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 16em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"
	\|style="font-size: 95%; ~~text~~-~~align~~:~~center~~; ~~background: #ccf~~"~~\| <font size=4>'''Services of the [[Orthodox Church]]'''</font>~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size: 95%; ~~text~~-~~align~~:~~center~~;" ~~\| Eucharist~~: ~~[[Divine Liturgy]] \| When~~ the ~~Eucharist cannot be served:~~ [[~~Typika~~]]		! style="background: #ccf; padding: 0.4em 0.5em;" \| <div style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: normal;">Part of a series on</div><div style="font-size: 130%;">Services of the [[Orthodox Church]]</div>
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font-size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~; ~~background: #ccf~~"\|[[~~Daily Cycle~~]] ~~(Divine Office)~~		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Eucharist]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font-size: 95%; text-align~~:~~center~~;" \| [[~~Vespers]] \| [[Compline]] \| [[Midnight Office~~]] \| [[~~Matins~~]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Divine Liturgy]]
			* [[Typika]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font-size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;" \| [[~~Hours\|Little Hours (Prime,Terce,Sext,None)]] \| [[Royal Hours]] \| [[Mesorion~~]]		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Daily Cycle]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font-size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text-align:center; background: #ccf~~"\|~~Other Services~~		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Vespers]]
			* [[Compline]]
			* [[Midnight Office]]
			* [[Matins]]
			* [[Hours\|Little Hours]]
			* [[Royal Hours]]
			* [[Mesorion]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font-size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;" \| ~~[[Akathist\|Akathist Hymn]] \| [[Paraklesis]] \| [[Moleben]]~~		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| Other Services
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text~~-~~align~~:~~center~~;" \| [[Great Blessing of Water]] \| [[~~Artoklasia~~]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Akathist\|Akathist Hymn]]
			* [[Paraklesis]]
			* [[Molieben\|Moleben]]
			* [[Holy water\|Great Blessing of Water]]
			* [[Artoklasia]]
			* [[Baptism-Chrismation Service\|Baptism-Chrismation]]
			* [[Holy Unction]]
			* [[Ordination]]
			* [[Marriage#Marriage Service\|Marriage]]
			* [[Funeral Service\|Funeral]]
			* [[Memorial Services\|Memorial]]
			* [[Consecration of a church\|Consecration of a Church]]
			* [[Enthronement]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~95%~~; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;~~" \| [[Baptism-Chrismation Service]] \| [[Holy Unction]]~~		\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Services\|action=edit}} Edit this box]
	\|-
	~~\| style="~~font-size: 95%~~; text-align:center~~;" \| [~~[Ordination Service]] \| [[Marriage#Marriage Service\|Marriage Service]]~~
	\|-
	~~\| style="font-size~~: ~~95%; text-align~~:~~center;" \| [[Funeral Service]] \| [[Memorial~~ Services\|~~Memorial Service]~~]
	\|}<includeonly>[[Category:Services]]</includeonly>		\|}<includeonly>[[Category:Services]]</includeonly>
	<noinclude>		<noinclude>

Template:Churches

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:12:07 GMT

Update navbox and split out each autonomous or autocephalous status

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, October 28, 2026
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	~~<br clear=all>~~		{\| class="navbox" cellspacing="0"
	{\| ~~style="margin:0 auto" align="center"~~ class="~~toccolours~~"
	~~\|align~~="~~center" width="100%~~"~~\|<font size=3>'''[[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches\|Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy]]'''</font>~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\| style="padding:2px;" \|
			{\| class="navbox-inner" cellspacing="0" style="border-spacing:0; background:transparent;"
	\|-		\|-
	\|		! colspan="2" class="navbox-title" \| [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches\|Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 95%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~; ~~background:#ccf~~"\| ~~'''~~[[~~Autocephaly~~\|~~Autocephalous Churches~~]]~~'''~~		! class="navbox-group" \| [[Pentarchy\|Ancient Patriarchates]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Constantinople\|Constantinople]]
			* [[Church of Alexandria\|Alexandria]]
			* [[Church of Antioch\|Antioch]]
			* [[Church of Jerusalem\|Jerusalem]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 90%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;"\| '''[[Pentarchy\|Four Ancient Patriarchates]]:''' [[Church of Constantinople\|Constantinople]] · [[Church of Alexandria\|Alexandria]] · [[Church of Antioch\|Antioch]] · [[Church of Jerusalem\|Jerusalem]] <br> [[Church of Russia\|Russia]] · [[Church of Serbia\|Serbia]] · [[Church of Romania\|Romania]] · [[Church of Bulgaria\|Bulgaria]] · [[Church of Georgia\|Georgia]] · [[Church of Cyprus\|Cyprus]] · [[Church of Greece\|Greece]] · [[Church of Poland\|Poland]] · [[Church of Albania\|Albania]] · [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia\|Czech Lands and Slovakia]] ~~· [[Orthodox Church in America~~\|~~OCA]]* · [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine~~\|Ukraine]]*		! class="navbox-group" \| Other [[Autocephaly\|autocephalous]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Russia\|Russia]]
			* [[Church of Serbia\|Serbia]]
			* [[Church of Romania\|Romania]]
			* [[Church of Bulgaria\|Bulgaria]]
			* [[Church of Georgia\|Georgia]]
			* [[Church of Cyprus\|Cyprus]]
			* [[Church of Greece\|Greece]]
			* [[Church of Poland\|Poland]]
			* [[Church of Albania\|Albania]]
			* [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia\|Czech Lands and Slovakia]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		! class="navbox-group" \| Autocephaly not<br />universally recognized
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Orthodox Church in America\|America (OCA)]]
			* [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine\|Ukraine (OCU)]]
			* [[Macedonian Orthodox Church\|North Macedonia (Ohrid)]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 95%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~; ~~background:#ccf~~"\| ~~'''~~[[~~Autonomy~~\|~~Autonomous Churches~~]]~~'''~~		! class="navbox-group" \| [[Autonomy\|Autonomous]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Sinai\|Sinai]]
			* [[Church of Finland\|Finland]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 90%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;"\|~~[[Church of Sinai\|Sinai]] · [[Church of Finland\|Finland]] ·~~ [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)\|Estonia]]* · [[Church of Japan\|Japan]]* · [[Church of China\|China]]* · [[Church ~~of Ukraine~~\|Ukraine]]*		! class="navbox-group" \| Autonomy not<br />universally recognized
	\|-		\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
	\|		* [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)\|Estonia]]
	\|-		* [[Church of Japan\|Japan]]
	~~\| style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center;"\| ''The '''*''' designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.''~~		* [[Church of China\|China]]
			* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church\|Ukraine (UOC)]]
			\|}
	\|}		\|}
	<noinclude>		<noinclude>
	This template ~~displays the series box. It~~ does not include the article in any category.		A navigation box for the bottom of articles on the [[autocephaly\|autocephalous]] and [[autonomy\|autonomous]] Orthodox Churches. Churches whose status is not recognized by every other Church are listed in their own rows. Keep it in step with [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches]].

			This template does not include the article in any category.
	[[Category:Series templates\|Churches]]		[[Category:Series templates\|Churches]]
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>

Template:OrthodoxyinAfrica

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 12:02:51 GMT

Update format and break boxes into regions and navboxes

Show changes

Template:Orthodoxyseries

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:59:23 GMT

Clean up template box, and rm uneven images

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-{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: left; clear: left; margin: 0 2em 1em 0; text-align:center;"
+{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: left; clear: left; width: 12em; margin: 0 2em 1em 0; padding: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"
 |-
-| colspan="1"|<!--[[Image:image.gif|50px|]]-->
+! style="background: #ccf; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; font-size: 120%;" | Orthodoxy in…
 |-
-| colspan="2"|([[Orthodoxy in Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]])
+| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" |
 |-
-| colspan="1"|[[Image:Orthodox_us.gif|30px|]]
+| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" | [{{fullurl:Template:Orthodoxyseries|action=edit}} Edit this box]
 |}
-<noinclude>[[Category:Series templates|Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall]]</noinclude>
+<noinclude>

Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:55:41 GMT

Change box with expand box.

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	{\| ~~class~~=~~"toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;"~~		{{Orthodoxyinaustralasia\|collapsed=yes}}<noinclude>
	~~\| colspan="2" \|~~<~~small~~>~~This article forms part~~ of ~~the series</small><br><font size=4>~~[[~~Orthodoxy in Australasia\|Orthodoxy in<br>Australasia~~]]~~</font>~~		A smaller version of [[Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia]] for articles where the full box would be too big. It shows only the box's title and emblem; readers click '''[show]''' to open the rest of the box.
	\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"\|~~[~~[Image:Australasia~~.~~gif\|130px\|]]~~		It uses the full box with <code>collapsed=yes</code>, so there is nothing to edit here: change the lists in [[Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia]].
	\|-
	~~\|style~~=~~"border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"\|~~		[[Category:Series templates\|Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall]]</noinclude>
	\|-
	~~\| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\|~~<~~small~~>[~~http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=~~Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia~~&action=edit Edit this box~~]~~</small>~~
	\|}
	~~<noinclude>~~[[Category:Series templates\|Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall]]</noinclude>

Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:55:01 GMT

Modifying template for australiasiasmall template

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, October 28, 2026
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	\| style="padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.2em;" \| [[File:Australasia.gif\|200px\|link=Orthodoxy in Australasia\|Orthodoxy in Australasia]]		\| style="padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.2em;" \| [[File:Australasia.gif\|200px\|link=Orthodoxy in Australasia\|Orthodoxy in Australasia]]
			<!-- The sections are in an inner table. With collapsed=yes only this inner table closes, behind the "Contents" bar; otherwise that bar is hidden. -->
			\|-
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			{\| class="{{#if:{{{collapsed\|}}}\|mw-collapsible mw-collapsed}}" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%;"
			\|- style="{{#if:{{{collapsed\|}}}\|\|display:none}}"
			! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| Contents
	\|-		\|-
	! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| History		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| History
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0.3em;" \| ''[[List of Australian monasteries\|Complete List]]''		\| style="padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0.3em;" \| ''[[List of Australian monasteries\|Complete List]]''
			\|}
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia\|action=edit}} Edit this box]		\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasia\|action=edit}} Edit this box]
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	This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category.		This template displays the series box. It does not include the article in any category.

			Use <code><nowiki>{{Orthodoxyinaustralasia\|collapsed=yes}}</nowiki></code> to show only the title and emblem, with a '''[show]''' link that opens the rest of the box. [[Template:Orthodoxyinaustralasiasmall]] does exactly this, so it always lists the same things as this box.

	[[Category:Series templates\|Orthodoxyinaustralasia]]		[[Category:Series templates\|Orthodoxyinaustralasia]]
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>

Template:Orthodoxyinaustralia

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:39:07 GMT

Add category template

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, October 28, 2026
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	\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Orthodoxyinaustralia\|action=edit}} Edit this box]		\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Orthodoxyinaustralia\|action=edit}} Edit this box]
	\|}		\|}
	[[Category:Orthodoxy in Australia]]<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}</noinclude>		[[Category:Orthodoxy in Australia]]<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}
			[[Category:Series templates\|Orthodoxyinaustralia]]</noinclude>

Template:Saint

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:38:01 GMT

Reference category templates

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	</pre>		</pre>

	[[Category:OrthodoxWiki Templates\|~~{{PAGENAME}}~~]]		[[Category:OrthodoxWiki Templates\|Saint]]
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>

Template:Spirituality

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:31:04 GMT

Update template

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, October 28, 2026
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	<!--- INCLUDE THIS TEMPLATE ONLY IN ARTICLES BIG ENOUGH TO HANDLE IT VISUALLY. --->{\| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center; background:#eef;"		<!--- INCLUDE THIS TEMPLATE ONLY IN ARTICLES BIG ENOUGH TO HANDLE IT VISUALLY. --->{\| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 16em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em; background: #eef;"
	~~\| colspan="2" \|<small>This article forms part of the series</small><br><font size=4>[[Spirituality\|Orthodox Spirituality]]</font>~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		! style="padding: 0.4em 0.5em;" \| <div style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: normal;">Part of a series on</div><div style="font-size: 130%;">[[:Category:Orthodox spirituality series\|Orthodox Spirituality]]</div>
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~[[Holy Mysteries]]~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Holy Mysteries]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Baptism]] - [[Chrismation]] ~~<br>~~ [[Confession]] - [[Eucharist]] ~~<br>~~ [[Marriage]] - [[Ordination]] ~~<br>~~ [[Holy Unction]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Baptism]]
			* [[Chrismation]]
			* [[Confession]]
			* [[Eucharist]]
			* [[Marriage]]
			* [[Ordination]]
			* [[Holy Unction]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~Three Stages~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| Three Stages
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font-size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Catharsis\|Catharsis/Purification]] ~~<br>~~ [[Theoria\|Theoria/Illumination]] ~~<br>~~ [[Theosis\|Theosis/Divinization]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Catharsis\|Catharsis/Purification]]
			* [[Theoria\|Theoria/Illumination]]
			* [[Theosis\|Theosis/Divinization]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~Hesychasm~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Hesychasm]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Nepsis]] - [[Repentance\|Metanoia]] ~~<br>~~ [[Hesychasm\|Hesychia]] - [[Phronema]] ~~<br>~~ [[Mysticism]] - [[Nous]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Nepsis]]
			* [[Repentance\|Metanoia]]
			* [[Hesychasm\|Hesychia]]
			* [[Phronema]]
			* [[Mysticism]]
			* [[Nous]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~[[Asceticism]]~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Asceticism]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Chastity]] - [[Obedience]] ~~<br>~~ [[Stability]] - [[Fasting]] ~~<br>~~ [[Poverty]] - [[Monasticism]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Chastity]]
			* [[Obedience]]
			* [[Stability]]
			* [[Fasting]]
			* [[Poverty]]
			* [[Monasticism]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~[[Virtues]]~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Virtues]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Humility]] - [[~~Almsgiving~~\|Generosity]] ~~<br>~~ [[Chastity]] - [[Meekness]] ~~<br>~~ [[Temperance]] - [[Contentment]] ~~<br>~~ [[Diligence]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Humility]]
			* [[Alms\|Generosity]]
			* [[Chastity]]
			* [[Meekness]]
			* [[Temperance]]
			* [[Contentment]]
			* [[Diligence]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~[[Prayer]]~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Prayer]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Worship]] - [[Veneration]] ~~<br>~~ [[Prayer Rule]] - [[Jesus Prayer]] ~~<br>~~ [[Relics]] - [[Sign of the Cross]]		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em; column-count: 2; column-gap: 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Worship]]
			* [[Veneration]]
			* [[Prayer rule\|Prayer Rule]]
			* [[Jesus Prayer]]
			* [[Relics]]
			* [[Sign of the Cross]]
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| colspan="2"~~ style="~~font-size: 95%;~~ background:#99CC99;"\|~~'''~~[[Church Fathers]]~~'''~~		! style="background: #99CC99; padding: 0.2em;" \| [[Church Fathers]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~colspan~~="2" style="~~font-size~~: ~~90%~~;"\|[[Apostolic Fathers]] ~~<br>~~ [[Desert Fathers]] ~~<br>~~ [[Cappadocians]] ~~<br>~~ ''[[Philokalia\|The Philokalia]]'' ~~<br>~~ ''[[The Ladder of Divine Ascent]]''		\| class="plainlist" style="padding: 0.3em 0.5em;" \|
			* [[Apostolic Fathers]]
			* [[Desert Fathers]]
			* [[Cappadocian Fathers\|Cappadocians]]
			* ''[[Philokalia\|The Philokalia]]''
			* ''[[The Ladder of Divine Ascent]]''
	\|-		\|-
	\|style="border-~~bottom~~: 1px solid #ccc"\|		\| style="border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 85%;" \| [{{fullurl:Template:Spirituality\|action=edit}} Edit this box]
	\|-
	~~\| colspan="2" style="text-align~~:~~center~~;"\|~~<small>~~[~~http~~:~~//www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=~~Template:Spirituality&action=edit Edit this box]~~</small>~~
	\|}		\|}
	<includeonly>[[Category:Orthodox spirituality series]]</includeonly>		<includeonly>[[Category:Orthodox spirituality series]]</includeonly>
	<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}(The [[Template:Spirituality/wide]] may be a better fit.)		<noinclude>{{bigtemplate}}(The [[Template:Spirituality/wide]] may be a better fit.)

	This template displays the series box and includes the article in [[:Category:Orthodox spirituality series]]		This template displays the series box and includes the article in [[:Category:Orthodox spirituality series]]
	[[Category:Series templates\|Spirituality]]		[[Category:Series templates\|Spirituality]]
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>

Template:Monastery

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:27:13 GMT

Update and modernise template

Show changes

Old Believers

Hafvindur — Wed, 28 Oct 2026 11:16:20 GMT

Remove ambiguous unicode characters

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, October 29, 2026
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	* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Bp. Seraphim (Sigrist)]]		* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai\|Bp. Seraphim (Sigrist)]]
	* [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Metr. Daniel (Nushiro)]]		* [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan\|Metr. Daniel (Nushiro)]]
	* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of ~~Sendai~~\|~~Abp~~. Seraphim (Tsujie)]]		* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Japan\|Metr. Seraphim (Tsujie)]]
	\|-		\|-
	! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| People		! style="background: #e6e6fa; padding: 0.2em;" \| People

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, October 28, 2026
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	~~<br clear=all>~~		{\| class="navbox" cellspacing="0"
	{\| ~~style="margin:0 auto" align="center"~~ class="~~toccolours~~"
	~~\|align~~="~~center" width="100%~~"~~\|<font size=3>'''[[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches\|Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy]]'''</font>~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\| style="padding:2px;" \|
			{\| class="navbox-inner" cellspacing="0" style="border-spacing:0; background:transparent;"
	\|-		\|-
	\|		! colspan="2" class="navbox-title" \| [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches\|Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches of Orthodoxy]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 95%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~; ~~background:#ccf~~"\| ~~'''~~[[~~Autocephaly~~\|~~Autocephalous Churches~~]]~~'''~~		! class="navbox-group" \| [[Pentarchy\|Ancient Patriarchates]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Constantinople\|Constantinople]]
			* [[Church of Alexandria\|Alexandria]]
			* [[Church of Antioch\|Antioch]]
			* [[Church of Jerusalem\|Jerusalem]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 90%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;"\| '''[[Pentarchy\|Four Ancient Patriarchates]]:''' [[Church of Constantinople\|Constantinople]] · [[Church of Alexandria\|Alexandria]] · [[Church of Antioch\|Antioch]] · [[Church of Jerusalem\|Jerusalem]] <br> [[Church of Russia\|Russia]] · [[Church of Serbia\|Serbia]] · [[Church of Romania\|Romania]] · [[Church of Bulgaria\|Bulgaria]] · [[Church of Georgia\|Georgia]] · [[Church of Cyprus\|Cyprus]] · [[Church of Greece\|Greece]] · [[Church of Poland\|Poland]] · [[Church of Albania\|Albania]] · [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia\|Czech Lands and Slovakia]] ~~· [[Orthodox Church in America~~\|~~OCA]]* · [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine~~\|Ukraine]]*		! class="navbox-group" \| Other [[Autocephaly\|autocephalous]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Russia\|Russia]]
			* [[Church of Serbia\|Serbia]]
			* [[Church of Romania\|Romania]]
			* [[Church of Bulgaria\|Bulgaria]]
			* [[Church of Georgia\|Georgia]]
			* [[Church of Cyprus\|Cyprus]]
			* [[Church of Greece\|Greece]]
			* [[Church of Poland\|Poland]]
			* [[Church of Albania\|Albania]]
			* [[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia\|Czech Lands and Slovakia]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		! class="navbox-group" \| Autocephaly not<br />universally recognized
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Orthodox Church in America\|America (OCA)]]
			* [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine\|Ukraine (OCU)]]
			* [[Macedonian Orthodox Church\|North Macedonia (Ohrid)]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 95%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~; ~~background:#ccf~~"\| ~~'''~~[[~~Autonomy~~\|~~Autonomous Churches~~]]~~'''~~		! class="navbox-group" \| [[Autonomy\|Autonomous]]
			\| class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
			* [[Church of Sinai\|Sinai]]
			* [[Church of Finland\|Finland]]
			\|- style="height:2px;"
			\| colspan="2" \|
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="~~font~~-~~size~~: 90%; ~~text-align~~:~~center~~;"\|~~[[Church of Sinai\|Sinai]] · [[Church of Finland\|Finland]] ·~~ [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)\|Estonia]]* · [[Church of Japan\|Japan]]* · [[Church of China\|China]]* · [[Church ~~of Ukraine~~\|Ukraine]]*		! class="navbox-group" \| Autonomy not<br />universally recognized
	\|-		\| class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left; width:100%; padding:0 0.25em;" \|
	\|		* [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)\|Estonia]]
	\|-		* [[Church of Japan\|Japan]]
	~~\| style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center;"\| ''The '''*''' designates a church whose autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.''~~		* [[Church of China\|China]]
			* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church\|Ukraine (UOC)]]
			\|}
	\|}		\|}
	<noinclude>		<noinclude>
	This template ~~displays the series box. It~~ does not include the article in any category.		A navigation box for the bottom of articles on the [[autocephaly\|autocephalous]] and [[autonomy\|autonomous]] Orthodox Churches. Churches whose status is not recognized by every other Church are listed in their own rows. Keep it in step with [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches]].

			This template does not include the article in any category.
	[[Category:Series templates\|Churches]]		[[Category:Series templates\|Churches]]
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, October 28, 2026
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	== Introductory summary of origins==		== Introductory summary of origins==
	In 1652, [[Nikon of Moscow\|Nikon]] (~~1605–1681~~; Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658) introduced a number of ritual and textual revisions with the aim of achieving uniformity between Russian and Greek Orthodox practices. Nikon, having noticed discrepancies between Russian and Greek rites and texts, ordered an adjustment of the Russian rites to align with the Greek ones of his time. According to the Old Believers, Nikon acted without adequate consultation with the clergy and without gathering a council. After the implementation of these revisions, the Church [[anathema]]tized and suppressed with the support of Muscovite state power the prior liturgical rite itself as well as those who were reluctant to pass to the revised rite. Those who maintained fidelity to the existing rite endured severe persecutions from the end of the 17th century until the beginning of the 20th century as ''schismatics''. They became known as "Old Ritualists", a name introduced during the reign of Empress Catherine the Great. At the same time they continued to call themselves simply Orthodox Christians.		In 1652, [[Nikon of Moscow\|Nikon]] (1605-1681; Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658) introduced a number of ritual and textual revisions with the aim of achieving uniformity between Russian and Greek Orthodox practices. Nikon, having noticed discrepancies between Russian and Greek rites and texts, ordered an adjustment of the Russian rites to align with the Greek ones of his time. According to the Old Believers, Nikon acted without adequate consultation with the clergy and without gathering a council. After the implementation of these revisions, the Church [[anathema]]tized and suppressed with the support of Muscovite state power the prior liturgical rite itself as well as those who were reluctant to pass to the revised rite. Those who maintained fidelity to the existing rite endured severe persecutions from the end of the 17th century until the beginning of the 20th century as ''schismatics''. They became known as "Old Ritualists", a name introduced during the reign of Empress Catherine the Great. At the same time they continued to call themselves simply Orthodox Christians.

	== Baptism of Kievan Rus' ==		== Baptism of Kievan Rus' ==
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	* All children are taught (usually at home) to read Church Slavonic as soon as they are able to read.		* All children are taught (usually at home) to read Church Slavonic as soon as they are able to read.
	* Traditional liturgical singing consists of unison (monophonic) chant.		* Traditional liturgical singing consists of unison (monophonic) chant.
	* No compositions are allowed – only ancient traditional chant melodies.		* No compositions are allowed - only ancient traditional chant melodies.
	* Singing is done by two antiphonal choirs, each under the leadership of a "golovshchik" (cantor or "starter"). The cantor tries to lead the singing solely by means of his voice, as arm movements are considered distracting to the congregation. He does not turn his back to the altar and iconostasis, and occasionally makes discrete use of hand signals to correct singing that has become too slow or fast, or to indicate phrasing.		* Singing is done by two antiphonal choirs, each under the leadership of a "golovshchik" (cantor or "starter"). The cantor tries to lead the singing solely by means of his voice, as arm movements are considered distracting to the congregation. He does not turn his back to the altar and iconostasis, and occasionally makes discrete use of hand signals to correct singing that has become too slow or fast, or to indicate phrasing.
	* Congregational singing is included as part of the singing tradition		* Congregational singing is included as part of the singing tradition
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	* The choir sings only selected psalm verses of appointed psalmody. The proper performance of stichologia is rarely done even in New Rite monasteries.		* The choir sings only selected psalm verses of appointed psalmody. The proper performance of stichologia is rarely done even in New Rite monasteries.
	* The patristic liturgical homilies have been abandoned altogether, with the single exception at Paschal Matins.		* The patristic liturgical homilies have been abandoned altogether, with the single exception at Paschal Matins.
	* The Sign of the Cross, bows, prostrations, kneeling are done whenever (and wherever) people want to do them, and according to numerous individual methods – all in a free-willed manner.		* The Sign of the Cross, bows, prostrations, kneeling are done whenever (and wherever) people want to do them, and according to numerous individual methods - all in a free-willed manner.
	* The Sign of the Cross is done with three fingers while invoking the Holy Trinity (often using the Latin formula "In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit").		* The Sign of the Cross is done with three fingers while invoking the Holy Trinity (often using the Latin formula "In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit").
	* During the public worship services the individual members of the congregation may run around and perform their private devotions, venerate icons, light candles, read from prayer books, chat with friends. Furthermore, the priest may even hear private confessions during parts of the Vigil or Hours.		* During the public worship services the individual members of the congregation may run around and perform their private devotions, venerate icons, light candles, read from prayer books, chat with friends. Furthermore, the priest may even hear private confessions during parts of the Vigil or Hours.
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	* Novopomortsy, or "New Pomortsy" - accept marriage		* Novopomortsy, or "New Pomortsy" - accept marriage
	* Staropomortsy, or "Old Pomortsy" - reject marriage		* Staropomortsy, or "Old Pomortsy" - reject marriage
	* Fedoseevts] – “Society of Christian Old Believers of the Old Pomortsy Unmarried Confession” (1690s- present); deny marriage and practise cloister-style asceticism.		* Fedoseevts] - “Society of Christian Old Believers of the Old Pomortsy Unmarried Confession” (1690s- present); deny marriage and practise cloister-style asceticism.
	* Fillipovtsy.		* Fillipovtsy.
	* Chasovennye (from a word ''chasovnya'' - a [[chapel]]) - Siberian branch. The Chasovennye initially had priests, but later decided to change to a priestless practice. Also known as Semeyskie (in the lands east of Baykal Lake).		* Chasovennye (from a word ''chasovnya'' - a [[chapel]]) - Siberian branch. The Chasovennye initially had priests, but later decided to change to a priestless practice. Also known as Semeyskie (in the lands east of Baykal Lake).