https://en.orthodoxwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Wsk&feedformat=atomOrthodoxWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T10:33:16ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Florus_(Va%C5%88ko)&diff=115953Florus (Vaňko)2013-05-26T17:33:44Z<p>Wsk: category</p>
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<div>'''Archimandrite Florus''' (secular name '''Vasily Vaňko''', {{lang-ru|Василий Ванько}}; December 9, 1926 - September 4, 2012) was archimandrite of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]], inhabitant (насельник) of [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville)]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born Vasiľ Vaňko near the village of [[w:Šemetkovce|Šemetkovce]] the Carpathian Mountains in Czechoslovakia, in what is today Eastern Slovakia.<br />
<br />
At a young age, he became a novice at the Orthodox Monastery in Ladimirovo, and in 1946 moved along with the brethren to Jordanville when the Red Army descended on the Monastery.<br />
<br />
In the first week of [[Great Lent]] 1948 Vasiľ Vanko and [[Laurus (Škurla) of New York|Vasiľ Škurla]] were tonsured monk in the same small schema by Archbishop [[Vitaly (Maximenko) of Jersey City|Vitaly (Maximenko)]]. Along with him was tonsured into [[mantle]] a ryassofor monk [[Alypy (Gamanovich) of Chicago|Alypy (Gamanovich)]], the future Archbishop of Chicago.<br />
<br />
September 11, 1950 Father Flor was ordained to the diaconate, and June 28, 1954 in - the priesthood. Both ordinations were carried ruler Vitaly (Maximenko).<br />
<br />
In 1967, he was elevated to the rank of [[hegumen]].<br />
<br />
For many years, he was sent to London to conduct services and Holy and Bright Week in the Annunciation Monastery. In the fifth week of Great Lent, he was always busy with the liver cakes for the table of brotherhood, and for the Orthodox inhabitants living neighborhood. He tried to quietly leave the cake at the door and disappear. With his severity, it was the successor tradition of serving others.<br />
<br />
In 1996 he was elevated to the rank of Archimandrite.<br />
<br />
It was difficult to him to accept the reunification with [[Moscow Patriarchate]]: he feared of some "pitfall". But time has shown that the fears are unfounded, and his attitude softened.<br />
<br />
He wrote no great theological essays, neither was he renown for brilliant [[sermon]]s, or for a magnificent serving voice. His hands were rough and calloused from decades of working on farm machinery and cattle. His [[podriasnik]] was much patched and ragged on the bottom from catching on machinery in the barn. His boots bore the unmistakeable odor of 90 weight gear oil, which inevitably spilled on him while repairing one of the monastery's tractors.<br />
<br />
When visitors came to the Cathedral on Sundays and Holidays, he would quietly sneak out through the monastery kitchen or through the back door. When not serving Liturgy, during services he could be found sitting up in the empty choir loft, huddled over his chotki, lost in prayer.<br />
<br />
He rarely spoke, unless spoken to, and even then usually only to answer a question. In the years I knew him, I never heard him raise his voice or even to engage anyone in conversation. The only time I really heard him talk was with his friend, Archmandrite Job, and then it would be about the best way to plow a field or should they plant soybeans or corn in a particular field.<br />
<br />
Archimandrite Flor attended every Sunday and holiday services, and many everyday vespers and matins. When he lost his ability to walk and listened to worship in his cell at a specially held speakerphone.<br />
<br />
Despite his seeming simplicity, Archimandrite Florus had internal breadth outlook. Until last days, he was concerned that the Jordanville monastery is not doing enough for the local American environment. One of his ideas was the "return of Christ in Christmas", put an ad in the local newspaper, telling about the kind of event is celebrated on [[December 25]].<br />
<br />
On Tuesday morning, September 4, archimandrite Florus quietly reposed in the Lord. He was the last monk of monastery of St. Job in Ladomirová.<br />
<br />
His funeral service on September 5 was led by Metropolitan Hilarion of Eastern America, First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia along with a host of clergy.<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
* [http://www.byzcath.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/385934/Archmandrite%20Flor Archmandrite Flor]<br />
* [http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2012/20120904_enarchimflor.html Archimandrite Florus (Vanko) Passes Away]<br />
* [http://www.e-vestnik.ru/obituaries/arhimandrit_flor_vanko_6208/ Лука (Мурьянка), архим., "Архимандрит Флор (Ванько) (+04.09.2012)," Церковный вестник (Русская Православная Церковь), 20 ноября 2012]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Monastics]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Florus_(Va%C5%88ko)&diff=115952Florus (Vaňko)2013-05-26T17:32:00Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Archimandrite Florus''' (secular name '''Vasily Vaňko''', {{lang-ru|Василий Ванько}}; December 9, 1926 - September 4, 2012) was archimandrite of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]], inhabitant (насельник) of [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville)]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born Vasiľ Vaňko near the village of [[w:Šemetkovce|Šemetkovce]] the Carpathian Mountains in Czechoslovakia, in what is today Eastern Slovakia.<br />
<br />
At a young age, he became a novice at the Orthodox Monastery in Ladimirovo, and in 1946 moved along with the brethren to Jordanville when the Red Army descended on the Monastery.<br />
<br />
In the first week of [[Great Lent]] 1948 Vasiľ Vanko and [[Laurus (Škurla) of New York|Vasiľ Škurla]] were tonsured monk in the same small schema by Archbishop [[Vitaly (Maximenko) of Jersey City|Vitaly (Maximenko)]]. Along with him was tonsured into [[mantle]] a ryassofor monk [[Alypy (Gamanovich) of Chicago|Alypy (Gamanovich)]], the future Archbishop of Chicago.<br />
<br />
September 11, 1950 Father Flor was ordained to the diaconate, and June 28, 1954 in - the priesthood. Both ordinations were carried ruler Vitaly (Maximenko).<br />
<br />
In 1967, he was elevated to the rank of [[hegumen]].<br />
<br />
For many years, he was sent to London to conduct services and Holy and Bright Week in the Annunciation Monastery. In the fifth week of Great Lent, he was always busy with the liver cakes for the table of brotherhood, and for the Orthodox inhabitants living neighborhood. He tried to quietly leave the cake at the door and disappear. With his severity, it was the successor tradition of serving others.<br />
<br />
In 1996 he was elevated to the rank of Archimandrite.<br />
<br />
It was difficult to him to accept the reunification with [[Moscow Patriarchate]]: he feared of some "pitfall". But time has shown that the fears are unfounded, and his attitude softened.<br />
<br />
He wrote no great theological essays, neither was he renown for brilliant [[sermon]]s, or for a magnificent serving voice. His hands were rough and calloused from decades of working on farm machinery and cattle. His [[podriasnik]] was much patched and ragged on the bottom from catching on machinery in the barn. His boots bore the unmistakeable odor of 90 weight gear oil, which inevitably spilled on him while repairing one of the monastery's tractors.<br />
<br />
When visitors came to the Cathedral on Sundays and Holidays, he would quietly sneak out through the monastery kitchen or through the back door. When not serving Liturgy, during services he could be found sitting up in the empty choir loft, huddled over his chotki, lost in prayer.<br />
<br />
He rarely spoke, unless spoken to, and even then usually only to answer a question. In the years I knew him, I never heard him raise his voice or even to engage anyone in conversation. The only time I really heard him talk was with his friend, Archmandrite Job, and then it would be about the best way to plow a field or should they plant soybeans or corn in a particular field.<br />
<br />
Archimandrite Flor attended every Sunday and holiday services, and many everyday vespers and matins. When he lost his ability to walk and listened to worship in his cell at a specially held speakerphone.<br />
<br />
Despite his seeming simplicity, Archimandrite Florus had internal breadth outlook. Until last days, he was concerned that the Jordanville monastery is not doing enough for the local American environment. One of his ideas was the "return of Christ in Christmas", put an ad in the local newspaper, telling about the kind of event is celebrated on [[December 25]].<br />
<br />
On Tuesday morning, September 4, archimandrite Florus quietly reposed in the Lord. He was the last monk of monastery of St. Job in Ladomirová.<br />
<br />
His funeral service on September 5 was led by Metropolitan Hilarion of Eastern America, First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia along with a host of clergy.<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
* [http://www.byzcath.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/385934/Archmandrite%20Flor Archmandrite Flor]<br />
* [http://www.synod.com/synod/eng2012/20120904_enarchimflor.html Archimandrite Florus (Vanko) Passes Away]<br />
* [http://www.e-vestnik.ru/obituaries/arhimandrit_flor_vanko_6208/ Лука (Мурьянка), архим., "Архимандрит Флор (Ванько) (+04.09.2012)," Церковный вестник (Русская Православная Церковь), 20 ноября 2012]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Metropolis_of_Denver&diff=115913Metropolis of Denver2013-05-19T01:46:04Z<p>Wsk: duplicate brackets</p>
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<div>The '''Metropolis of Denver''' is a [[diocese|metropolis]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] in the United States of America, under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. The metropolis includes the belt of states in the Rocky Mountains and upper plains area of the United States.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The origin of the Metropolis of Denver is traced back to the formal organization of the parishes in the Americas by the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the mid twentieth century. The [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]] was formally established in 1921 and came under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1922 with jurisdiction over Greek Orthodox parishes in the Western Hemisphere.<br />
<br />
Prior to 1968, the [[parish]]es in the present area of the Metropolis of Denver were under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox [[Bishop of San Francisco]]. In 1968, this area became the Eighth Archdiocese District of the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America which was administered by Assistant Bishops and Archdiocesan [[Vicar]]s. The headquarters of the district was located initially in New Orleans in 1960 before moving to Houston, Texas in 1967. In 1974, the headquarters was moved to Denver, Colorado.<br />
<br />
In 1979, the [[archdiocese]] was re-organized under a decree of the Ecumenical Patriarchate into a number of [[diocese]]s of which one was the Diocese of Denver, replacing the 8th district. The area of the diocese included the states of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming, as well as the western parts of Louisiana and Missouri[http://www.denver.goarch.org/parishes/].<br />
<br />
In 1996, the Archdiocese of North and South America was split into four separate archdioceses: those of America, Canada, Central America, and South America. With the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, the title of the dioceses was changed to metropolises and the Diocese of Denver became the Metropolis of Denver. <br />
<br />
==Parishes and Monasteries==<br />
There are fifty parishes[http://www.denver.goarch.org/parishes/], two [[chapel]]s, and two monasteries within the metropolis. The [[monastery|monasteries]] are:<br />
*Holy Archangels Greek Orthodox Monastery in Kendalia, Texas<br />
*St. Paraskevi Greek Orthodox Monastery in Washington, Texas<br />
<br />
==Ruling Hierarchs==<br />
The following are administrating hierarchs and vicars of the Metropolis of Denver and its predecessor organizations:<br />
===Eighth District===<br />
*Bishop [[Silas (Koskinas) of Saranta Ekklesia|Silas (Koskinas)]] of Amphipolis 1960-1965<br />
*Bishop Iakovos of Catania 1968-70<br />
*Reverend William Gaines 1971<br />
*Bishop [[John (Kallos) of Amoriun|John (Kallos) of Thermon]] 1972-1979<br />
===Diocese of Denver===<br />
*Bishop [[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of San Francisco|Anthony of Amissos]] 1979<br />
*Very Reverend Kallistos Samaras 1980<br />
*Bishop Kallistos of Zelon 1982<br />
*Bishop Philip of Daphnousia 1983<br />
*Bishop [[Anthimos (Drakonakis) of Christoupolis|Anthimos (Draconakis)]] of Denver 1984-1987 ([[enthronement|enthroned]] first Bishop of Denver)<br />
*Bishop Kallistos of Zelon 1988-1991<br />
*Reverend Nicholas Triantafilou 1991-1992<br />
*Bishop [[Isaiah (Chronopoulos) of Denver|Isaiah (Chronopoulos)]] 1992 -1997 (enthroned second Bishop of Denver)<br />
===Metropolis of Denver===<br />
*Metropolitan Isaiah 1997-Present<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.denver.goarch.org/metropolis/history/ History of the Metropolis]<br />
*[http://atlmetropolis.org/index.php?pr=Parishes-LA-New_Orleans Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Cathedral]<br />
*[http://www.holytrinitycathedral.org/history.html History of our church]<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Annunciation Greek Orthodox Cathedral (Houston)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Jurisdictions|Denver]]<br />
[[Category: Dioceses|Denver]]<br />
[[Category: Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Denver]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Moses_the_Hungarian&diff=115911Moses the Hungarian2013-05-17T15:53:48Z<p>Wsk: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Moses the Hungarian''' ({{lang-ru|Моисей Угрин}} - ''Moisey Ugrin''; {{lang-hu|Magyar Mózes}}; died [[July 26]], 1043) was a [[w:Kievan Rus'|Kievan Russian]] [[monk]] of [[w:Hungarians|Hungarian]] origin. He is venerated as a [[saint]] by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].<br />
<br />
Moses was born around 990-995. He probably left [[w:Transylvania|Transylvania]] to serve the [[w:Grand Duke of Kiev|princely family]] in Kiev. Between 1015 and 1018, already preparing to become a monk, he was in the escort of [[w:Family life and children of Vladimir I|Predslava]], the daughter of [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and sister of the future Prince [[w:Yaroslav I the Wise|Yaroslav I the Wise]]<ref name="ivancso">{{hu icon}} István Ivancsó, [http://www.aetas.hu/1999_3/99-3-15.htm "Egy elfelejtett szent: Magyar Mózes" ("Moses the Hungarian: a Forgotten Saint")], in [http://www.aetas.hu/ ''Aetas'']; retrieved [[November 5]], 2007</ref>.<br />
<br />
Following the [[w:History of Poland (966–1385)|Polish]] [[w:Kiev Expedition (1018)|expedition of 1018]], he was carried to Poland as a prisoner and could only return in 1025. Moses spent the rest of his life in the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves]].<ref name="ivancso"/><br />
<br />
Although the Hungarians were mostly [[paganism|pagan]] when he was born, and later they became an Orthodox Christian, the Hungarian chieftain of Transylvania, the [[w:Gyula II|Gyula]], was [[baptism|baptized]] in [[Constantinople]], which made it possible for Moses to travel to Kiev and settle there.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Source ==<br />
* [http://www.aetas.hu/1999_3/99-3-15.htm Egy elfelejtett szent: Magyar Mózes]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Monastics]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Moses_the_Hungarian&diff=115910Moses the Hungarian2013-05-17T15:52:49Z<p>Wsk: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Moses the Hungarian''' ({{lang-ru|Моисей Угрин}} - ''Moisey Ugrin''; {{lang-hu|Magyar Mózes}}; died [[July 26]], 1043) was a [[w:Kievan Rus'|Kievan Russian]] [[monk]] of [[w:Hungarians|Hungarian]] origin. He is venerated as a [[saint]] by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].<br />
<br />
Moses was born around 990-995. He probably left [[w:Transylvania|Transylvania]] to serve the [[w:Grand Duke of Kiev|princely family]] in Kiev. Between 1015 and 1018, already preparing to become a monk, he was in the escort of [[w:Family life and children of Vladimir I|Predslava]], the daughter of [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and sister of the future Prince [[w:Yaroslav I the Wise|Yaroslav I the Wise]]<ref name="ivancso">{{hu icon}} István Ivancsó, [http://www.aetas.hu/1999_3/99-3-15.htm "Egy elfelejtett szent: Magyar Mózes" ("Moses the Hungarian: a Forgotten Saint")], in [http://www.aetas.hu/ ''Aetas'']; retrieved [[November 5]], 2007</ref>.<br />
<br />
Following the [[w:History of Poland (966–1385)|Polish]] [[w:Kiev Expedition (1018)|expedition of 1018]], he was carried to Poland as a prisoner and could only return in 1025. Moses spent the rest of his life in the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves]].<ref name="ivancso"/><br />
<br />
Although the Hungarians were mostly [[paganism|pagan]] when he was born, and later they became an Orthodox Christian, the Hungarian chieftain of Transylvania, the [[w:Gyula II|Gyula]], was [[baptism|baptized]] in [[Constantinople]], which made it possible for Moses to travel to Kiev and settle there.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== Source ==<br />
* [http://www.aetas.hu/1999_3/99-3-15.htm Egy elfelejtett szent: Magyar Mózes]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophilus_(Ionescu)_of_S%C3%A8vres&diff=115873Theophilus (Ionescu) of Sèvres2013-05-16T00:28:00Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
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<div>His Eminence '''Theophilus''' or '''Teofil (Ionescu)''' (1894-1975) was a [[bishop]] of [[Church of Romania]] and previously a bishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born on [[October 14]], 1894 in Boboc, in the Buzau district of Romania.<br />
<br />
In 1915, he entered the [[Tismana Monastery]] at age fourteen and was [[tonsure]]d and [[ordination|ordained]] [[hierodeacon]] that same year.<br />
<br />
He appointed proto-psalte (‘proto-reader’) of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest in 1918 and ordained to the [[priest]]hood in 1921.<br />
<br />
He appointed superior of the Patriarchal Chanting School and assistant priest at the Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest.<br />
<br />
In 1925, he founded the Patriarch Miron Missionary Association (named after the first Romanian Patriarch, Miron (Elie Cristea, 1868-1939) and a religious journal "The Good Word". He also founded a home for the elderly and a canteen for the poor.<br />
<br />
In 1928, he graduated from the Nifon Metropolitul Seminary in Bucharest, receiving his licentiate in Theology for his dissertation, "The Life and Work of Metropolitan [[Peter Mogila]] of Kiev" (Viaţa şi opera Mitropolitului Petru Movilă al Kievului).<br />
<br />
He went on to receive his master’s degree in Paris at the Protestant Faculty of Theology with the very same dissertation.<br />
<br />
In 1938, Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea)]] appointed him rector of the Romanian Holy Archangels [[Parish]] in Paris, France.<br />
<br />
In 1942, he was elevated to [[miter|mitre]]d [[archimandrite]], a rare distinction in the Romanian Church.<br />
<br />
In 1945, the communist hold on the church authorities in Romania forced them to remove Archimandrite Teofil from his position at the parish in Paris. He moved to the United States, and became priest at the Saint Symeon Romanian Church in Detroit. He was elected president of the Diocesan Council. The previous hierarch for the Romanian Orthodox in America, [[Polycarp (Moruşca) of Detroit]] {Pompei Morusca, 1883-1958}, had returned to Romania and was not allowed by the government to leave Romania and to return to the United States).<br />
<br />
In 1951, [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Viorel D. Trifa]] (1914-1987), a Romanian Orthodox activist newly arrived in the United States, led his followers to the headquarters of the Patriarchal Romanian Church in [[:w:Grass Lake, Michigan|Grass Lake, Michigan]]. The Romanian Patriarchate at that time was under the control of the communist Romanian government. Trifa and his followers chased out the Patriarchal party, and took over the headquarters. Then, Trifa was elected Bishop for Romanian parishes in the United States. Tonsured a [[monk]] and taking the name Valerian, he was then consecrated by members of an noncanonical Ukrainian Orthodox group. Archimandrite Teofil at that point was on good terms with Bishop Valerian and his [[Diocese]].<br />
<br />
In 1946, [[Metropolitan]] Visarion (Puiu, 1879-1964) of the Romanian Patriarchate, was sentenced to death by the communists in absentia. Metropolitan Visarion was in Western Europe at the time, and the Romanian government was never able to serve the arrest warrant. The Holy Archangels Parish in Paris became a center for Romanian refugees, and it was there that Metropolitan Visarion established the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Western Europe. The efforts of the communist regime to take over the Holy Archangels parish in Paris obliged the faithful to break canonical relations with the Romanian Patriarchate, and to join, out of necessity, the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. The Diocese followed the [[Revised Julian Calendar|new calendar]], as had the Romanian Church since 1925. This was allowed to continue by the Church Abroad for pastoral reasons.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the aged Metropolitan Visarion chose Archimandrite Teofil as his successor, and he was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] to the episcopate by Metropolitan Visarion, Saint Archbishop [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]] (1896-1966) of Brussels and Western Europe, and Bishop Nathaniel (Lvov) (1906-1986) of Carthage and Tunis. Metropolitan Visarion then retired. The consecration took place in the Saint Nicholas Church in Versailles on [[December 26]], 1954.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil was given the title ‘of [[w:Sèvres|Sèvres]]’ (Severineanul in Romanian), after a small town near Paris. His Diocese included the parishes in Western Europe and a few in the United States and Canada. After returning to the United States, Bishop Teofil then denounced Bishop Valerian (Trifa) as a ‘self-ordained [[heretic]],’ and began a campaign to take over his Diocese. This ultimately failed miserably, as Bishop Teofil’s Diocese never had more than a few parishes. Bishop Valerian’s episcopal consecration was later regularized by Bishops of the [[OCA|North American Metropolia]], and he joined his Diocese to the new Orthodox Church in America in 1970 as the Romanian Episcopate (the largest Romanian Church grouping in the United States.<br />
<br />
In 1982, then Archbishop Valerian left the United States to avoid deportation for alleged fascist activities with the [[w:Iron Guard|Iron Guard]] during World War II in Romania. He settled in [[w:Portugal|Portugal]], where he reposed in 1987.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil assisted Archbishop [[Seraphim (Ivanov) of Chicago|Seraphim (Ivanov)]], 1897-1987) of [[Diocese of Chicago and Mid-America (ROCOR)|Chicago, Detroit, and Midwest America]] consecrate a bishop for the Greek Old Calendar Church, Bishop [[Akakios (Pappas)]] the Elder, of Talantion, on [[December 19]], 1960. He also assisted Archbishop John (Maximovich) to consecrate a bishop for the Western Rite French Orthodox Church in 1964, Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire (Evgraf Evgrafovich Kovalevsky, 1905-1970) of Saint Denis]].<br />
<br />
‘Metropolitan’ Pangratios (Vrionis, of ill repute) claims Bishop Teofil was one of his co-consecrators in 1970. However, there were no witnesses to this ‘event’ other than Pangratios and those he claimed consecrated him. Conveniently, all were deceased when Pangratios revealed their names. During the conference of the academic society Daco-Romania, on [[December 6]], 1970, Bishop Teofil commemorated Pope [[Paul VI]] and the Romanian Uniate Bishop Basile Cristea, who attended the Liturgy, during the Great Entrance. He also commemorated among the reposed the deceased Romanian Uniate Bishop Jules Hossu of Cluj-Gherla.<br />
<br />
When Metropolitan [[Philaret (Voznesensky) of New York|Philaret]] (Georgy Nikolaevich Voznesensky, 1903-1985), First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, demanded an explanation, Bishop Teofil attempted to justify his actions by claiming that he had done it "in the name of ecumenism and as part of the fight against the Patriarchs of Moscow and Bucharest, who have appropriated the point of view of the regime and are without faith and are even criminals, in that they have perpetuated the assassinations and the persecutions against the Greek Catholic [Uniate] Church of Romania, under the false pretext of aiding their integration into the Orthodox Church". Having been reproved by the Synod of the Church Abroad (it might be explained here that the Romanian Diocese of the Church Abroad, as well as the Bulgarian Diocese under Bishop [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev]], later joined [[OCA]], 1920-2007), and the American Orthodox Mission under Archbishop [[James (Toombs) of Manhattan|James (Toombs, +1970) of Manhattan]], were all granted a wide ranging autonomy], Bishop Teofil "evolved in a manner more and more contradictory".<br />
<br />
Which led him to the point where, on [[January 17]], 1972, he petitioned Patriarch Justinian (Ioan Marina, 1901-1977) of Bucharest and Romania (whom he had condemned as without faith and a criminal a year and a half before) to be received into the Romanian Patriarchate. The Romanian Patriarchate accepted him on [[March 10]], 1972.<br />
<br />
On [[April 23]], 1972, Bishop Teofil signed a pastoral letter in which he reaffirmed his faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.<br />
<br />
On [[May 8]], 1972, he went to the Uniate Monastery at Chevetogne, France, to greet the visiting Patriarch Justinian, and on the following day, wrote to his diocese that he was, "henceforth, after years and years of going astray, once again in the bosom of the Mother Church". The Council at his Cathedral notified Bishop Teofil they "no longer depended on him", and on [[May 21]], 1972, Metropolitan Philaret came from New York to celebrate the Liturgy and to announce that he had "received the Diocese and all its parishes under his direct authority". The [[Synod]] of the Church Abroad deposed Bishop Teofil and reduced him to the monastic state for participating in the consecration of a deposed priest, Bishop Germain (Gilles Bertrand Hardy), as a Bishop for the [[Orthodox Church of France|French Orthodox Church]] (two Hierarchs from Romania also participated in the consecration, Nicolae {Corneanu, b.1923; Met. Nicolae was the center of controversy in May 2008 when he received communion from a Romanian Uniate Bishop at the consecration of the new Uniate Queen of Peace church in Timisoara, Romania}, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat, and Bishop Anthony of Ploesti).<br />
<br />
In December 1974, the Romanian Patriarchate elevated Bishop Teofil to [[Archbishop]]. Totally cut off from the Romanian emigre community in Paris, Teofil, was able to speak to one of his former priests, admitted he had committed a grave error in leaving the Church Abroad, and further, said that he had become a hostage of the Securitate, the Romanian equivalent of the KGB.<br />
<br />
He died on [[May 9]], 1975, and was buried, due to the efforts of Archpriest Michel Constandache, in the Parisian Cemetery of Montparnasse, next to the grave of Metropolitan [[Visarion (Puiu)]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.rocorstudies.org/church-people/lives-of-bishops/2009/06/29/archbishop-teofil-ionescu-of-sevres/ Archbishop Teofil (Ionescu) of Sevres]<br />
* [http://www.ziarullumina.ro/memoria-bisericii/memoria-bisericii-imagini-arhiepiscopul-teofil-ionescu Memoria Bisericii în imagini: Arhiepiscopul Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/dictionarul-teologilor-romani/teofil-ionescu-84710.html Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.ortodoxia.de/html/arhiepiscopul_roman_teofil_ionescu.html Arhiepiscopul român Teofil Ionescu]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophilus_(Ionescu)_of_S%C3%A8vres&diff=115872Theophilus (Ionescu) of Sèvres2013-05-16T00:22:45Z<p>Wsk: further cleanup - links</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Theophilus''' or '''Teofil (Ionescu)''' (1894-1975) was a [[bishop]] of [[Church of Romania]] and previously a bishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born on [[October 14]], 1894 in Boboc, in the Buzau district of Romania.<br />
<br />
In 1915, he entered the [[Tismana Monastery]] at age fourteen and was [[tonsure]]d and [[ordination|ordained]] [[hierodeacon]] that same year.<br />
<br />
He appointed proto-psalte (‘proto-reader’) of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest in 1918 and ordained to the [[priest]]hood in 1921.<br />
<br />
He appointed superior of the Patriarchal Chanting School and assistant priest at the Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest.<br />
<br />
In 1925, he founded the Patriarch Miron Missionary Association (named after the first Romanian Patriarch, Miron (Elie Cristea, 1868-1939) and a religious journal "The Good Word". He also founded a home for the elderly and a canteen for the poor.<br />
<br />
In 1928, he graduated from the Nifon Metropolitul Seminary in Bucharest, receiving his licentiate in Theology for his dissertation, "The Life and Work of Metropolitan [[Peter Mogila]] of Kiev" (Viaţa şi opera Mitropolitului Petru Movilă al Kievului).<br />
<br />
He went on to receive his master’s degree in Paris at the Protestant Faculty of Theology with the very same dissertation.<br />
<br />
In 1938, Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea)]] appointed him rector of the Romanian Holy Archangels [[Parish]] in Paris, France.<br />
<br />
In 1942, he was elevated to [[miter|mitre]]d [[archimandrite]], a rare distinction in the Romanian Church.<br />
<br />
In 1945, the communist hold on the church authorities in Romania forced them to remove Archimandrite Teofil from his position at the parish in Paris. He moved to the United States, and became priest at the Saint Symeon Romanian Church in Detroit. He was elected president of the Diocesan Council. The previous hierarch for the Romanian Orthodox in America, [[Polycarp (Moruşca) of Detroit]] {Pompei Morusca, 1883-1958}, had returned to Romania and was not allowed by the government to leave Romania and to return to the United States).<br />
<br />
In 1951, [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Viorel D. Trifa]] (1914-1987), a Romanian Orthodox activist newly arrived in the United States, led his followers to the headquarters of the Patriarchal Romanian Church in [[:w:Grass Lake, Michigan|Grass Lake, Michigan]]. The Romanian Patriarchate at that time was under the control of the communist Romanian government. Trifa and his followers chased out the Patriarchal party, and took over the headquarters. Then, Trifa was elected Bishop for Romanian parishes in the United States. Tonsured a [[monk]] and taking the name Valerian, he was then consecrated by members of an noncanonical Ukrainian Orthodox group. Archimandrite Teofil at that point was on good terms with Bishop Valerian and his [[Diocese]].<br />
<br />
In 1946, [[Metropolitan]] Visarion (Puiu, 1879-1964) of the Romanian Patriarchate, was sentenced to death by the communists in absentia. Metropolitan Visarion was in Western Europe at the time, and the Romanian government was never able to serve the arrest warrant. The Holy Archangels Parish in Paris became a center for Romanian refugees, and it was there that Metropolitan Visarion established the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Western Europe. The efforts of the communist regime to take over the Holy Archangels parish in Paris obliged the faithful to break canonical relations with the Romanian Patriarchate, and to join, out of necessity, the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. The Diocese followed the [[Revised Julian Calendar|new calendar]], as had the Romanian Church since 1925. This was allowed to continue by the Church Abroad for pastoral reasons.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the aged Metropolitan Visarion chose Archimandrite Teofil as his successor, and he was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] to the episcopate by Metropolitan Visarion, Saint Archbishop [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]] (1896-1966) of Brussels and Western Europe, and Bishop Nathaniel (Lvov) (1906-1986) of Carthage and Tunis. Metropolitan Visarion then retired. The consecration took place in the Saint Nicholas Church in Versailles on [[December 26]], 1954.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil was given the title ‘of [[w:Sèvres|Sèvres]]’ (Severineanul in Romanian), after a small town near Paris. His Diocese included the parishes in Western Europe and a few in the United States and Canada. After returning to the United States, Bishop Teofil then denounced Bishop Valerian (Trifa) as a ‘self-ordained [[heretic]],’ and began a campaign to take over his Diocese. This ultimately failed miserably, as Bishop Teofil’s Diocese never had more than a few parishes. Bishop Valerian’s episcopal consecration was later regularized by Bishops of the [[OCA|North American Metropolia]], and he joined his Diocese to the new Orthodox Church in America in 1970 as the Romanian Episcopate (the largest Romanian Church grouping in the United States.<br />
<br />
In 1982, then Archbishop Valerian left the United States to avoid deportation for alleged fascist activities with the [[w:Iron Guard|Iron Guard]] during World War II in Romania. He settled in [[w:Portugal|Portugal]], where he reposed in 1987.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil assisted Archbishop [[Seraphim (Ivanov) of Chicago|Seraphim (Ivanov)]], 1897-1987) of [[Diocese of Chicago and Mid-America (ROCOR)|Chicago, Detroit, and Midwest America]] consecrate a bishop for the Greek Old Calendar Church, Bishop [[Akakios (Pappas)]] the Elder, of Talantion, on [[December 19]], 1960. He also assisted Archbishop John (Maximovich) to consecrate a bishop for the Western Rite French Orthodox Church in 1964, Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire (Evgraf Evgrafovich Kovalevsky, 1905-1970) of Saint Denis]].<br />
<br />
‘Metropolitan’ Pangratios (Vrionis, of ill repute) claims Bishop Teofil was one of his co-consecrators in 1970. However, there were no witnesses to this ‘event’ other than Pangratios and those he claimed consecrated him. Conveniently, all were deceased when Pangratios revealed their names. During the conference of the academic society Daco-Romania, on [[December 6]], 1970, Bishop Teofil commemorated Pope [[Paul VI]] and the Romanian Uniate Bishop Basile Cristea, who attended the Liturgy, during the Great Entrance. He also commemorated among the reposed the deceased Romanian Uniate Bishop Jules Hossu of Cluj-Gherla.<br />
<br />
When Metropolitan [[Philaret (Voznesensky) of New York|Philaret]] (Georgy Nikolaevich Voznesensky, 1903-1985), First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, demanded an explanation, Bishop Teofil attempted to justify his actions by claiming that he had done it "in the name of ecumenism and as part of the fight against the Patriarchs of Moscow and Bucharest, who have appropriated the point of view of the regime and are without faith and are even criminals, in that they have perpetuated the assassinations and the persecutions against the Greek Catholic [Uniate] Church of Romania, under the false pretext of aiding their integration into the Orthodox Church". Having been reproved by the Synod of the Church Abroad (it might be explained here that the Romanian Diocese of the Church Abroad, as well as the Bulgarian Diocese under Bishop [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev]], later joined [[OCA]], 1920-2007), and the American Orthodox Mission under Archbishop [[James (Toombs) of Manhattan|James (Toombs, +1970) of Manhattan]], were all granted a wide ranging autonomy], Bishop Teofil "evolved in a manner more and more contradictory".<br />
<br />
Which led him to the point where, on [[January 17]], 1972, he petitioned Patriarch Justinian (Ioan Marina, 1901-1977) of Bucharest and Romania (whom he had condemned as without faith and a criminal a year and a half before) to be received into the Romanian Patriarchate. The Romanian Patriarchate accepted him on [[March 10]], 1972.<br />
<br />
On [[April 23]], 1972, Bishop Teofil signed a pastoral letter in which he reaffirmed his faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.<br />
<br />
On [[May 8]], 1972, he went to the Uniate Monastery at Chevetogne, France, to greet the visiting Patriarch Justinian, and on the following day, wrote to his diocese that he was, "henceforth, after years and years of going astray, once again in the bosom of the Mother Church". The Council at his Cathedral notified Bishop Teofil they "no longer depended on him", and on [[May 21]], 1972, Metropolitan Philaret came from New York to celebrate the Liturgy and to announce that he had "received the Diocese and all its parishes under his direct authority". The [[Synod]] of the Church Abroad deposed Bishop Teofil and reduced him to the monastic state for participating in the consecration of a deposed priest, Bishop Germain (Gilles Bertrand Hardy), as a Bishop for the [[French Orthodox Church]] (two Hierarchs from Romania also participated in the consecration, Nicolae {Corneanu, b.1923; Met. Nicolae was the center of controversy in May 2008 when he received communion from a Romanian Uniate Bishop at the consecration of the new Uniate Queen of Peace church in Timisoara, Romania}, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat, and Bishop Anthony of Ploesti).<br />
<br />
In December 1974, the Romanian Patriarchate elevated Bishop Teofil to [[Archbishop]]. Totally cut off from the Romanian emigre community in Paris, Teofil, was able to speak to one of his former priests, admitted he had committed a grave error in leaving the Church Abroad, and further, said that he had become a hostage of the Securitate, the Romanian equivalent of the KGB.<br />
<br />
He died on [[May 9]], 1975, and was buried, due to the efforts of Archpriest Michel Constandache, in the Parisian Cemetery of Montparnasse, next to the grave of Metropolitan [[Visarion (Puiu)]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.rocorstudies.org/church-people/lives-of-bishops/2009/06/29/archbishop-teofil-ionescu-of-sevres/ Archbishop Teofil (Ionescu) of Sevres]<br />
* [http://www.ziarullumina.ro/memoria-bisericii/memoria-bisericii-imagini-arhiepiscopul-teofil-ionescu Memoria Bisericii în imagini: Arhiepiscopul Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/dictionarul-teologilor-romani/teofil-ionescu-84710.html Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.ortodoxia.de/html/arhiepiscopul_roman_teofil_ionescu.html Arhiepiscopul român Teofil Ionescu]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Alexander_Nevsky_Lavra&diff=115871Alexander Nevsky Lavra2013-05-15T19:28:54Z<p>Wsk: added image</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:NevskyLavra ivanov.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander Nevsky Lavra, St. Petersburg, Russia - 1815 painting by Ivanov]]<br />
'''Alexander Nevsky Lavra''', located in St. Petersburg, Russia, is the principal [[monastery]] of the [[Church of Russia]] for men in the [[Eparchy of St. Petersburg]]. The monastery was founded by Tsar Peter I in 1710 as he began building his new capital on Neva River. The monastery is dedicated to the [[Holy Trinity]] and Saint [[Alexander Nevsky]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The monastery is located on the south bank of the Neva River at its confluence with the Chemaya, now Monastyrka, River. It was founded in the memory of Prince Alexander Nevsky’s victory over the Swedes in the battle on the Neva River in 1240. In 1712 - 13, the original buildings of the monastery were built of wood and included the Holy Annunciation [[Church]] and cells for the monks. <br />
<br />
In 1715, the first building of brick and stone was begun under the supervision of Domenico Trezzini. Over the following years wings for a large building were added. The eastern (Dukhovskoy) wing was completed by 1725. Between 1725 and 1751 the north (Feodorovsky) wing was completed, followed by the west (Metropolitan) wing between 1756 and 1758. The south (Seminary) wing was built between 1756 to 1765. The host wing was built between 1760 and 1773, and Holy Trinity [[Cathedral]]<ref>The Holy Trinity Cathedral at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra should not be confused with another Holy Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg. This second cathedral was built between 1828 and 1835 as the regimental cathedral of the Izmailovsky Regiment of the Imperial Guard and was damaged by fire during restoration construction on [[August 25]], 2006.</ref>, majestic neoclassical cathedral designed by Ivan Starov, was built between 1778 and 1790 to complete the ensemble. By the start of the twentieth century sixteen churches were built in the monastery complex.<br />
<br />
In 1724, the holy [[relics]] of St. Alexander Nevsky were translated to the monastery on [[September 12]], the day becoming a day of commemoration for the monastery. <br />
<br />
In 1797, the monastery was designated a [[Lavra]], indicating its high status among the monasteries in Russia, with the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Monastery of the Caves]] in Kiev and the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra|Trinity-Sergius Monastery]] near Moscow.<br />
<br />
The Lavra developed into a center of theological education. A printing shop was opened in 1720, and in 1726 the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Seminary was founded on the grounds of the monastery which became the foundation of the [[St. Petersburg Theological Academy]]. In addition to an archive and a large library, the Lavra supported the Alexander Nevsky Orphanage and the Isidorovskoe Eparchy School. <br />
<br />
After the Bolshevik takeover of the government of Russia in 1917, the Lavra was closed. It’s facilities and assets, including the archives and library, were nationalized. In 1923, the [[monk]]s were exiled. The buildings of the Lavra were turned into civil institutions, hostels, and industrial facilities. By 1936, all the churches of the Lavra were closed. <br />
<br />
After World War II ended and the anti-religious fervor had cooling, religious services were allowed again in Holy Trinity Cathedral in 1957. With the fall of the Soviet Union, portions of the Lavra were returned to the Church of Russia in 1994 allowing revival of the monastery and its use as the residence of the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg. <br />
All the buildings of the Lavra were returned to the Church by the year 2000.<br />
<br />
==Note==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804009790 Alexander Nevsky Lavra]<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Alexander Nevsky Lavra]]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Monasteries]]<br />
[[Category: Russian Monasteries]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Stefan_Wu_Zhiquan&diff=115870Stefan Wu Zhiquan2013-05-15T19:16:16Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>Archpriest '''Stefan Wu Zhiquan''' (大司祭斯特梵·吴志全神父; 1925-1970) was archpriest of [[Chinese Orthodox Church]]<br />
<br />
Fr. Stefan Wu was a Chinese born in [[w:Beijing|Beijing]] at the [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China|Mission]] on [[January 28]], 1925. The Russians also knew him by his Manchu surname Min.<br />
<br />
He undertook theological training and served as [[reader]] in Ss. Peter & Paul Church in Hong Kong. Fr. Stefan was musically trained as a choir director.<br />
<br />
As a [[priest]], he served as the last rector in Harbin at St. Alexis church.<br />
<br />
During the "[[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]]" on [[May 17]], 1970, he died in a Harbin prison after 3 years of incarceration and much suffering.<br />
<br />
Before his temple they had placed a table covered with sharp rubble, and on rubble they have put Archpriest Stefan on his knees. They have dressed him in clown's dressing gown, on his head they put up a cap, filled with metal shavings. His face was smeared with soot. During two days Father Stefan was beaten over the head with a wooden hammer. Also, he was beaten with steel rods on shoulders,. His tormentors spat on his cross, until half-dead, he was taken to a prison hospital. They treated him lightly there and in the same prison they shot him.<br />
<br />
Remains of the new [[martyr]] rest in Orthodox cemetery Sankeshu near Harbin. His grave is currently located at the Huangshan Russian Orthodox Cemetery.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/stefanwu_en.htm Archpriest Stefan Wu Zhiquan]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Clergy]]<br />
[[Category: Priests]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Stefan_Wu_Zhiquan&diff=115869Stefan Wu Zhiquan2013-05-15T19:14:45Z<p>Wsk: Some cleanup - links</p>
<hr />
<div>Archpriest '''Stefan Wu Zhiquan''' (大司祭斯特梵·吴志全神父; 1925-1970) was archpriest of [[Chinese Orthodox Church]]<br />
<br />
Fr. Stefan Wu was a Chinese born in [[w:Beijing|Beijing]] at the [[Russian Orthodox Mission in China|Mission]] on [[January 28]], 1925. The Russians also knew him by his Manchu surname Min.<br />
<br />
He undertook theological training and served as [[reader]] in Ss. Peter & Paul Church in Hong Kong. Fr. Stefan was musically trained as a choir director.<br />
<br />
As a [[priest]], he served as the last rector in Harbin at St. Alexis church.<br />
<br />
During the "[[w:Cultural Revolution|Cultural Revolution]]" on [[May 17]], 1970, he died in a Harbin prison after 3 years of incarceration and much suffering.<br />
<br />
Before his temple they had placed a table covered with sharp rubble, and on rubble they have put Archpriest Stefan on his knees. They have dressed him in clown's dressing gown, on his head they put up a cap, filled with metal shavings. His face was smeared with soot. During two days Father Stefan was beaten over the head with a wooden hammer. Also, he was beaten with steel rods on shoulders,. His tormentors spat on his cross, until half-dead, he was taken to a prison hospital. They treated him lightly there and in the same prison they shot him.<br />
<br />
Remains of the new [[martyr]] rest in Orthodox cemetery Sankeshu near Harbin. His grave is currently located at the Huangshan Russian Orthodox Cemetery.<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
* http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/stefanwu_en.htm<br />
<br />
[[Category: Clergy]]<br />
[[Category: Priests]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophilus_(Ionescu)_of_S%C3%A8vres&diff=115829Theophilus (Ionescu) of Sèvres2013-05-13T14:25:51Z<p>Wsk: categories</p>
<hr />
<div>Archbishop '''Theophilus''' or '''Teofil (Ionescu)''' (1894-1975) was a [[bishop]] of [[Church of Romania|Romanian orthodox church]] and previously bishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born [[October 14]], 1894 in Boboc, in the Buzau district of Romania.<br />
<br />
He entered the [[Tismana Monastery]] at age fourteen, in 1915, and was [[tonsure]]d and [[ordination|ordained]] [[hierodeacon]] that same year.<br />
<br />
He appointed proto-psalte (‘proto-reader’) of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest in 1918, and ordained to the [[priest]]hood in 1921.<br />
<br />
He appointed superior of the Patriarchal Chanting School, and assistant priest at the Patriarchal Cathedral.<br />
<br />
In 1925, he founded the Patriarch Miron Missionary Association (named after the first Romanian Patriarch, Miron (Elie Cristea, 1868-1939) and a religious journal "The Good Word". He also founded a home for the elderly and a canteen for the poor.<br />
<br />
In 1928, he graduated from the Nifon Metropolitul Seminary in Bucharest, receiving his licentiate in Theology for his dissertation, "The Life and Work of Metropolitan Peter Mogila of Kiev" (Viaţa şi opera Mitropolitului Petru Movilă al Kievului).<br />
<br />
He went on to receive his master’s degree in Paris at the Protestant Faculty of Theology with the very same dissertation.<br />
<br />
In 1938, Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea)]] appointed him rector of the Romanian Holy Archangels Parish in Paris.<br />
<br />
In 1942, he was elevated to [[Miter|mitre]]d [[archimandrite]], a rare distinction in the Romanian Church.<br />
<br />
In 1945, the communist hold on the church authorities in Romania forced them to remove Archimandrite Teofil from his position at the parish in Paris. He moved to the United States, and became priest at the Saint Symeon Romanian Church in Detroit. He was elected president of the Diocesan Council (the previous Bishop for the Romanian Orthodox in America, [[:en:Polycarp Morusca|Polycarp]] {Pompei Morusca, 1883-1958}, had returned to Romania and was not allowed by the government to leave Romania to return to the US).<br />
<br />
In 1951, [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Viorel D. Trifa]] (1914-1987), a Romanian Orthodox activist newly arrived in the U.S., led followers to the headquarters of the Patriarchal Romanian Church in [[:w:Grass Lake, Michigan|Grass Lake, Michigan]]; the Patriarchate at that time was under the control of the communist Romanian government. Trifa and his followers chased out the Patriarchal party, and took over the headquarters, and Trifa was then elected Bishop for Romanian parishes in the U.S. Tonsured a [[monk]] and taking the name Valerian, he was then consecrated by members of an noncanonical Ukrainian Orthodox group. Archimandrite Teofil at that point was on good terms with Bishop Valerian and his Diocese.<br />
<br />
Metropolitan Visarion (Puiu, 1879-1964) of the Romanian Patriarchate, was sentenced to death by the communists in absentia in 1946. Metropolitan Visarion was in Western Europe at the time, and the Romanian government was never able to serve the arrest warrant. The Holy Archangels Parish in Paris became a center for Romanian refugees, and it was there that Metropolitan Visarion established the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Western Europe. The efforts of the communist regime to take over the Holy Archangels parish in Paris obliged the faithful to break canonical relations with the Romanian Patriarchate, and to join, out of necessity, the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. The Diocese followed the [[Revised Julian Calendar|new calendar]], as had the Romanian Church since 1925; this was allowed to continue by the Church Abroad for pastoral reasons.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the aged Metropolitan Visarion chose Archimandrite Teofil as his successor, and he was consecrated to the episcopate by Metropolitan Visarion, Saint Archbishop [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]] (1896-1966) of Brussels and Western Europe, and Bishop [[Nathaniel (Lvov)]] (1906-1986) of Carthage and Tunis. Metropolitan Visarion then retired. The consecration took place in the Saint Nicholas Church in Versailles on 26 December 1954.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil was given the title ‘of [[w:Sèvres|Sèvres]]’ (Severineanul in Romanian), after a small town near Paris. His Diocese included the parishes in Western Europe and a few in the US and Canada. After returning to the United States, Bishop Teofil then denounced Bishop Valerian (Trifa) as a ‘self-ordained heretic,’ and began a campaign to take over his Diocese. This ultimately failed miserably, as Bishop Teofil’s Diocese never had more than a few parishes. Bishop Valerian’s episcopal consecration was later regularized by Bishops of the [[OCA|North American Metropolia]], and he joined his Diocese to the new Orthodox Church in America in 1970 as the Romanian Episcopate (the largest Romanian Church grouping in the U.S.<br />
<br />
In 1982, then Archbishop Valerian left the United States to avoid deportation for alleged fascist activities with the [[w:Iron Guard|Iron Guard]] during World War II in Romania. He settled in [[w:Portugal|Portugal]], where he reposed in 1987.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil assisted Archbishop Seraphim (Ivanov, 1897-1987) of Chicago, Detroit, and Midwest America consecrate a bishop for the Greek Old Calendar Church, Bishop [[Akakios (Pappas)]] the Elder, of Talantion, on 19 Dec 1960. He also assisted Archbishop John (Maximovich) to consecrate a bishop for the Western Rite French Orthodox Church in 1964, Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire (Evgraf Evgrafovich Kovalevsky, 1905-1970) of Saint Denis]].<br />
<br />
‘Metropolitan’ Pangratios (Vrionis, of ill repute) claims Bishop Teofil was one of his co-consecrators in 1970; however, there were no witnesses to this ‘event’ other than Pangratios and those he claimed consecrated him. Conveniently, all were deceased when Pangratios revealed their names. During the conference of the academic society Daco-Romania, on 6 Dec 1970, Bishop Teofil commemorated Pope [[Paul VI]] and the Romanian Uniate Bishop Basile Cristea, who attended the Liturgy, during the Great Entrance. He also commemorated among the reposed the deceased Romanian Uniate Bishop Jules Hossu of Cluj-Gherla.<br />
<br />
When Metropolitan Philaret (Georgy Nikolaevich Voznesensky, 1903-1985), First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, demanded an explanation, Bishop Teofil attempted to justify his actions by claiming that he had done it "in the name of ecumenism and as part of the fight against the Patriarchs of Moscow and Bucharest, who have appropriated the point of view of the regime and are without faith and are even criminals, in that they have perpetuated the assassinations and the persecutions against the Greek Catholic [Uniate] Church of Romania, under the false pretext of aiding their integration into the Orthodox Church". Having been reproved by the Synod of the Church Abroad [it might be explained here that the Romanian Diocese of the Church Abroad, as well as the Bulgarian Diocese under Bishop Kyrill (Yonchev, later joined OCA, 1920-2007), and the American Orthodox Mission under Archbishop [[James (Toombs) of Manhattan|James (Toombs, +1970) of Manhattan]], were all granted a wide ranging autonomy], Bishop Teofil "evolved in a manner more and more contradictory".<br />
<br />
Which led him to the point where, on [[January 17]], 1972, he petitioned Patriarch Justinian (Ioan Marina, 1901-1977) of Bucharest and Romania (whom he had condemned as without faith and a criminal a year and a half before) to be received into the Romanian Patriarchate. The Romanian Patriarchate accepted him on [[March 10]], 1972.<br />
<br />
On [[April 23]], 1972, Bishop Teofil signed a pastoral letter in which he reaffirmed his faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.<br />
<br />
On [[May 8]], 1972, he went to the Uniate Monastery at Chevetogne, France, to greet the visiting Patriarch Justinian, and on the following day, wrote to his diocese that he was, "henceforth, after years and years of going astray, once again in the bosom of the Mother Church". The Council at his Cathedral notified Bishop Teofil they "no longer depended on him", and on [[May 21]], 1972, Metropolitan Philaret came from New York to celebrate the Liturgy and to announce that he had "received the Diocese and all its parishes under his direct authority". The Synod of the Church Abroad deposed Bishop Teofil and reduced him to the monastic state for participating in the consecration of a deposed priest, Bishop Germain (Gilles Bertrand Hardy), as a Bishop for the [[French Orthodox Church]] (two Hierarchs from Romania also participated in the consecration, Nicolae {Corneanu, b.1923; Met. Nicolae was the center of controversy in May 2008 when he received communion from a Romanian Uniate Bishop at the consecration of the new Uniate Queen of Peace church in Timisoara, Romania}, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat, and Bishop Anthony of Ploesti).<br />
<br />
In December 1974 the Romanian Patriarchate elevated Bishop Teofil to [[Archbishop]]. Totally cut off from the Romanian emigre community in Paris, Teofil, able to speak to one of his former priests, admitted he had committed a grave error in leaving the Church Abroad, and further, said that he had become a hostage of the Securitate, the Romanian equivalent of the KGB.<br />
<br />
He died on [[May 9]], 1975, and was buried, due to the efforts of Archpriest Michel Constandache, in the Parisian Cemetery of Montparnasse, next to the grave of Metropolitan [[Visarion (Puiu)]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.rocorstudies.org/church-people/lives-of-bishops/2009/06/29/archbishop-teofil-ionescu-of-sevres/ Archbishop Teofil (Ionescu) of Sevres]<br />
* [http://www.ziarullumina.ro/memoria-bisericii/memoria-bisericii-imagini-arhiepiscopul-teofil-ionescu Memoria Bisericii în imagini: Arhiepiscopul Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/dictionarul-teologilor-romani/teofil-ionescu-84710.html Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.ortodoxia.de/html/arhiepiscopul_roman_teofil_ionescu.html Arhiepiscopul român Teofil Ionescu]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophilus_(Ionescu)_of_S%C3%A8vres&diff=115822Theophilus (Ionescu) of Sèvres2013-05-13T13:05:02Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>Archbishop '''Theophilus''' or '''Teofil (Ionescu)''' (1894-1975) was a [[bishop]] of [[Church of Romania|Romanian orthodox church]] and previously bishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born [[October 14]], 1894 in Boboc, in the Buzau district of Romania.<br />
<br />
He entered the [[Tismana Monastery]] at age fourteen, in 1915, and was [[tonsure]]d and [[ordination|ordained]] [[hierodeacon]] that same year.<br />
<br />
He appointed proto-psalte (‘proto-reader’) of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest in 1918, and ordained to the [[priest]]hood in 1921.<br />
<br />
He appointed superior of the Patriarchal Chanting School, and assistant priest at the Patriarchal Cathedral.<br />
<br />
In 1925, he founded the Patriarch Miron Missionary Association (named after the first Romanian Patriarch, Miron (Elie Cristea, 1868-1939) and a religious journal "The Good Word". He also founded a home for the elderly and a canteen for the poor.<br />
<br />
In 1928, he graduated from the Nifon Metropolitul Seminary in Bucharest, receiving his licentiate in Theology for his dissertation, "The Life and Work of Metropolitan Peter Mogila of Kiev" (Viaţa şi opera Mitropolitului Petru Movilă al Kievului).<br />
<br />
He went on to receive his master’s degree in Paris at the Protestant Faculty of Theology with the very same dissertation.<br />
<br />
In 1938, Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea)]] appointed him rector of the Romanian Holy Archangels Parish in Paris.<br />
<br />
In 1942, he was elevated to [[Miter|mitre]]d [[archimandrite]], a rare distinction in the Romanian Church.<br />
<br />
In 1945, the communist hold on the church authorities in Romania forced them to remove Archimandrite Teofil from his position at the parish in Paris. He moved to the United States, and became priest at the Saint Symeon Romanian Church in Detroit. He was elected president of the Diocesan Council (the previous Bishop for the Romanian Orthodox in America, [[:en:Polycarp Morusca|Polycarp]] {Pompei Morusca, 1883-1958}, had returned to Romania and was not allowed by the government to leave Romania to return to the US).<br />
<br />
In 1951, [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Viorel D. Trifa]] (1914-1987), a Romanian Orthodox activist newly arrived in the U.S., led followers to the headquarters of the Patriarchal Romanian Church in [[:w:Grass Lake, Michigan|Grass Lake, Michigan]]; the Patriarchate at that time was under the control of the communist Romanian government. Trifa and his followers chased out the Patriarchal party, and took over the headquarters, and Trifa was then elected Bishop for Romanian parishes in the U.S. Tonsured a [[monk]] and taking the name Valerian, he was then consecrated by members of an noncanonical Ukrainian Orthodox group. Archimandrite Teofil at that point was on good terms with Bishop Valerian and his Diocese.<br />
<br />
Metropolitan Visarion (Puiu, 1879-1964) of the Romanian Patriarchate, was sentenced to death by the communists in absentia in 1946. Metropolitan Visarion was in Western Europe at the time, and the Romanian government was never able to serve the arrest warrant. The Holy Archangels Parish in Paris became a center for Romanian refugees, and it was there that Metropolitan Visarion established the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Western Europe. The efforts of the communist regime to take over the Holy Archangels parish in Paris obliged the faithful to break canonical relations with the Romanian Patriarchate, and to join, out of necessity, the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. The Diocese followed the [[Revised Julian Calendar|new calendar]], as had the Romanian Church since 1925; this was allowed to continue by the Church Abroad for pastoral reasons.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the aged Metropolitan Visarion chose Archimandrite Teofil as his successor, and he was consecrated to the episcopate by Metropolitan Visarion, Saint Archbishop [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]] (1896-1966) of Brussels and Western Europe, and Bishop [[Nathaniel (Lvov)]] (1906-1986) of Carthage and Tunis. Metropolitan Visarion then retired. The consecration took place in the Saint Nicholas Church in Versailles on 26 December 1954.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil was given the title ‘of [[w:Sèvres|Sèvres]]’ (Severineanul in Romanian), after a small town near Paris. His Diocese included the parishes in Western Europe and a few in the US and Canada. After returning to the United States, Bishop Teofil then denounced Bishop Valerian (Trifa) as a ‘self-ordained heretic,’ and began a campaign to take over his Diocese. This ultimately failed miserably, as Bishop Teofil’s Diocese never had more than a few parishes. Bishop Valerian’s episcopal consecration was later regularized by Bishops of the [[OCA|North American Metropolia]], and he joined his Diocese to the new Orthodox Church in America in 1970 as the Romanian Episcopate (the largest Romanian Church grouping in the U.S.<br />
<br />
In 1982, then Archbishop Valerian left the United States to avoid deportation for alleged fascist activities with the [[w:Iron Guard|Iron Guard]] during World War II in Romania. He settled in [[w:Portugal|Portugal]], where he reposed in 1987.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil assisted Archbishop Seraphim (Ivanov, 1897-1987) of Chicago, Detroit, and Midwest America consecrate a bishop for the Greek Old Calendar Church, Bishop [[Akakios (Pappas)]] the Elder, of Talantion, on 19 Dec 1960. He also assisted Archbishop John (Maximovich) to consecrate a bishop for the Western Rite French Orthodox Church in 1964, Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire (Evgraf Evgrafovich Kovalevsky, 1905-1970) of Saint Denis]].<br />
<br />
‘Metropolitan’ Pangratios (Vrionis, of ill repute) claims Bishop Teofil was one of his co-consecrators in 1970; however, there were no witnesses to this ‘event’ other than Pangratios and those he claimed consecrated him. Conveniently, all were deceased when Pangratios revealed their names. During the conference of the academic society Daco-Romania, on 6 Dec 1970, Bishop Teofil commemorated Pope [[Paul VI]] and the Romanian Uniate Bishop Basile Cristea, who attended the Liturgy, during the Great Entrance. He also commemorated among the reposed the deceased Romanian Uniate Bishop Jules Hossu of Cluj-Gherla.<br />
<br />
When Metropolitan Philaret (Georgy Nikolaevich Voznesensky, 1903-1985), First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, demanded an explanation, Bishop Teofil attempted to justify his actions by claiming that he had done it "in the name of ecumenism and as part of the fight against the Patriarchs of Moscow and Bucharest, who have appropriated the point of view of the regime and are without faith and are even criminals, in that they have perpetuated the assassinations and the persecutions against the Greek Catholic [Uniate] Church of Romania, under the false pretext of aiding their integration into the Orthodox Church". Having been reproved by the Synod of the Church Abroad [it might be explained here that the Romanian Diocese of the Church Abroad, as well as the Bulgarian Diocese under Bishop Kyrill (Yonchev, later joined OCA, 1920-2007), and the American Orthodox Mission under Archbishop [[James (Toombs) of Manhattan|James (Toombs, +1970) of Manhattan]], were all granted a wide ranging autonomy], Bishop Teofil "evolved in a manner more and more contradictory".<br />
<br />
Which led him to the point where, on [[January 17]], 1972, he petitioned Patriarch Justinian (Ioan Marina, 1901-1977) of Bucharest and Romania (whom he had condemned as without faith and a criminal a year and a half before) to be received into the Romanian Patriarchate. The Romanian Patriarchate accepted him on [[March 10]], 1972.<br />
<br />
On [[April 23]], 1972, Bishop Teofil signed a pastoral letter in which he reaffirmed his faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.<br />
<br />
On [[May 8]], 1972, he went to the Uniate Monastery at Chevetogne, France, to greet the visiting Patriarch Justinian, and on the following day, wrote to his diocese that he was, "henceforth, after years and years of going astray, once again in the bosom of the Mother Church". The Council at his Cathedral notified Bishop Teofil they "no longer depended on him", and on [[May 21]], 1972, Metropolitan Philaret came from New York to celebrate the Liturgy and to announce that he had "received the Diocese and all its parishes under his direct authority". The Synod of the Church Abroad deposed Bishop Teofil and reduced him to the monastic state for participating in the consecration of a deposed priest, Bishop Germain (Gilles Bertrand Hardy), as a Bishop for the [[French Orthodox Church]] (two Hierarchs from Romania also participated in the consecration, Nicolae {Corneanu, b.1923; Met. Nicolae was the center of controversy in May 2008 when he received communion from a Romanian Uniate Bishop at the consecration of the new Uniate Queen of Peace church in Timisoara, Romania}, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat, and Bishop Anthony of Ploesti).<br />
<br />
In December 1974 the Romanian Patriarchate elevated Bishop Teofil to [[Archbishop]]. Totally cut off from the Romanian emigre community in Paris, Teofil, able to speak to one of his former priests, admitted he had committed a grave error in leaving the Church Abroad, and further, said that he had become a hostage of the Securitate, the Romanian equivalent of the KGB.<br />
<br />
He died on [[May 9]], 1975, and was buried, due to the efforts of Archpriest Michel Constandache, in the Parisian Cemetery of Montparnasse, next to the grave of Metropolitan [[Visarion (Puiu)]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.rocorstudies.org/church-people/lives-of-bishops/2009/06/29/archbishop-teofil-ionescu-of-sevres/ Archbishop Teofil (Ionescu) of Sevres]<br />
* [http://www.ziarullumina.ro/memoria-bisericii/memoria-bisericii-imagini-arhiepiscopul-teofil-ionescu Memoria Bisericii în imagini: Arhiepiscopul Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/dictionarul-teologilor-romani/teofil-ionescu-84710.html Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.ortodoxia.de/html/arhiepiscopul_roman_teofil_ionescu.html Arhiepiscopul român Teofil Ionescu]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophilus_(Ionescu)_of_S%C3%A8vres&diff=115821Theophilus (Ionescu) of Sèvres2013-05-13T13:04:23Z<p>Wsk: some cleanup - links</p>
<hr />
<div>Archbishop '''Theophilus''' or '''Teofil (Ionescu)''' (1894-1975) was a [[bishop]] of [[Church of Romania|Romanian orthodox church]] and previously bishop of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
He was born [[October 14]], 1894 in Boboc, in the Buzau district of Romania.<br />
<br />
He entered the [[Tismana Monastery]] at age fourteen, in 1915, and was [[tonsure]]d and [[ordination|ordained]] [[hierodeacon]] that same year.<br />
<br />
He appointed proto-psalte (‘proto-reader’) of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest in 1918, and ordained to the [[priest]]hood in 1921.<br />
<br />
He appointed superior of the Patriarchal Chanting School, and assistant priest at the Patriarchal Cathedral.<br />
<br />
In 1925, he founded the Patriarch Miron Missionary Association (named after the first Romanian Patriarch, Miron (Elie Cristea, 1868-1939) and a religious journal "The Good Word". He also founded a home for the elderly and a canteen for the poor.<br />
<br />
In 1928, he graduated from the Nifon Metropolitul Seminary in Bucharest, receiving his licentiate in Theology for his dissertation, "The Life and Work of Metropolitan Peter Mogila of Kiev" (Viaţa şi opera Mitropolitului Petru Movilă al Kievului).<br />
<br />
He went on to receive his master’s degree in Paris at the Protestant Faculty of Theology with the very same dissertation.<br />
<br />
In 1938, Patriarch [[Miron (Cristea)]] appointed him rector of the Romanian Holy Archangels Parish in Paris.<br />
<br />
In 1942, he was elevated to [[mitermitre]]d [[archimandrite]], a rare distinction in the Romanian Church.<br />
<br />
In 1945, the communist hold on the church authorities in Romania forced them to remove Archimandrite Teofil from his position at the parish in Paris. He moved to the United States, and became priest at the Saint Symeon Romanian Church in Detroit. He was elected president of the Diocesan Council (the previous Bishop for the Romanian Orthodox in America, [[:en:Polycarp Morusca|Polycarp]] {Pompei Morusca, 1883-1958}, had returned to Romania and was not allowed by the government to leave Romania to return to the US).<br />
<br />
In 1951, [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Viorel D. Trifa]] (1914-1987), a Romanian Orthodox activist newly arrived in the U.S., led followers to the headquarters of the Patriarchal Romanian Church in [[:w:Grass Lake, Michigan|Grass Lake, Michigan]]; the Patriarchate at that time was under the control of the communist Romanian government. Trifa and his followers chased out the Patriarchal party, and took over the headquarters, and Trifa was then elected Bishop for Romanian parishes in the U.S. Tonsured a [[monk]] and taking the name Valerian, he was then consecrated by members of an noncanonical Ukrainian Orthodox group. Archimandrite Teofil at that point was on good terms with Bishop Valerian and his Diocese.<br />
<br />
Metropolitan Visarion (Puiu, 1879-1964) of the Romanian Patriarchate, was sentenced to death by the communists in absentia in 1946. Metropolitan Visarion was in Western Europe at the time, and the Romanian government was never able to serve the arrest warrant. The Holy Archangels Parish in Paris became a center for Romanian refugees, and it was there that Metropolitan Visarion established the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Western Europe. The efforts of the communist regime to take over the Holy Archangels parish in Paris obliged the faithful to break canonical relations with the Romanian Patriarchate, and to join, out of necessity, the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. The Diocese followed the [[Revised Julian Calendar|new calendar]], as had the Romanian Church since 1925; this was allowed to continue by the Church Abroad for pastoral reasons.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the aged Metropolitan Visarion chose Archimandrite Teofil as his successor, and he was consecrated to the episcopate by Metropolitan Visarion, Saint Archbishop [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]] (1896-1966) of Brussels and Western Europe, and Bishop [[Nathaniel (Lvov)]] (1906-1986) of Carthage and Tunis. Metropolitan Visarion then retired. The consecration took place in the Saint Nicholas Church in Versailles on 26 December 1954.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil was given the title ‘of [[w:Sèvres|Sèvres]]’ (Severineanul in Romanian), after a small town near Paris. His Diocese included the parishes in Western Europe and a few in the US and Canada. After returning to the United States, Bishop Teofil then denounced Bishop Valerian (Trifa) as a ‘self-ordained heretic,’ and began a campaign to take over his Diocese. This ultimately failed miserably, as Bishop Teofil’s Diocese never had more than a few parishes. Bishop Valerian’s episcopal consecration was later regularized by Bishops of the [[OCA|North American Metropolia]], and he joined his Diocese to the new Orthodox Church in America in 1970 as the Romanian Episcopate (the largest Romanian Church grouping in the U.S.<br />
<br />
In 1982, then Archbishop Valerian left the United States to avoid deportation for alleged fascist activities with the [[w:Iron Guard|Iron Guard]] during World War II in Romania. He settled in [[w:Portugal|Portugal]], where he reposed in 1987.<br />
<br />
Bishop Teofil assisted Archbishop Seraphim (Ivanov, 1897-1987) of Chicago, Detroit, and Midwest America consecrate a bishop for the Greek Old Calendar Church, Bishop [[Akakios (Pappas)]] the Elder, of Talantion, on 19 Dec 1960. He also assisted Archbishop John (Maximovich) to consecrate a bishop for the Western Rite French Orthodox Church in 1964, Bishop [[Jean-Nectaire (Kovalevsky) of Saint-Denis|Jean-Nectaire (Evgraf Evgrafovich Kovalevsky, 1905-1970) of Saint Denis]].<br />
<br />
‘Metropolitan’ Pangratios (Vrionis, of ill repute) claims Bishop Teofil was one of his co-consecrators in 1970; however, there were no witnesses to this ‘event’ other than Pangratios and those he claimed consecrated him. Conveniently, all were deceased when Pangratios revealed their names. During the conference of the academic society Daco-Romania, on 6 Dec 1970, Bishop Teofil commemorated Pope [[Paul VI]] and the Romanian Uniate Bishop Basile Cristea, who attended the Liturgy, during the Great Entrance. He also commemorated among the reposed the deceased Romanian Uniate Bishop Jules Hossu of Cluj-Gherla.<br />
<br />
When Metropolitan Philaret (Georgy Nikolaevich Voznesensky, 1903-1985), First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad, demanded an explanation, Bishop Teofil attempted to justify his actions by claiming that he had done it "in the name of ecumenism and as part of the fight against the Patriarchs of Moscow and Bucharest, who have appropriated the point of view of the regime and are without faith and are even criminals, in that they have perpetuated the assassinations and the persecutions against the Greek Catholic [Uniate] Church of Romania, under the false pretext of aiding their integration into the Orthodox Church". Having been reproved by the Synod of the Church Abroad [it might be explained here that the Romanian Diocese of the Church Abroad, as well as the Bulgarian Diocese under Bishop Kyrill (Yonchev, later joined OCA, 1920-2007), and the American Orthodox Mission under Archbishop [[James (Toombs) of Manhattan|James (Toombs, +1970) of Manhattan]], were all granted a wide ranging autonomy], Bishop Teofil "evolved in a manner more and more contradictory".<br />
<br />
Which led him to the point where, on [[January 17]], 1972, he petitioned Patriarch Justinian (Ioan Marina, 1901-1977) of Bucharest and Romania (whom he had condemned as without faith and a criminal a year and a half before) to be received into the Romanian Patriarchate. The Romanian Patriarchate accepted him on [[March 10]], 1972.<br />
<br />
On [[April 23]], 1972, Bishop Teofil signed a pastoral letter in which he reaffirmed his faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.<br />
<br />
On [[May 8]], 1972, he went to the Uniate Monastery at Chevetogne, France, to greet the visiting Patriarch Justinian, and on the following day, wrote to his diocese that he was, "henceforth, after years and years of going astray, once again in the bosom of the Mother Church". The Council at his Cathedral notified Bishop Teofil they "no longer depended on him", and on [[May 21]], 1972, Metropolitan Philaret came from New York to celebrate the Liturgy and to announce that he had "received the Diocese and all its parishes under his direct authority". The Synod of the Church Abroad deposed Bishop Teofil and reduced him to the monastic state for participating in the consecration of a deposed priest, Bishop Germain (Gilles Bertrand Hardy), as a Bishop for the [[French Orthodox Church]] (two Hierarchs from Romania also participated in the consecration, Nicolae {Corneanu, b.1923; Met. Nicolae was the center of controversy in May 2008 when he received communion from a Romanian Uniate Bishop at the consecration of the new Uniate Queen of Peace church in Timisoara, Romania}, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat, and Bishop Anthony of Ploesti).<br />
<br />
In December 1974 the Romanian Patriarchate elevated Bishop Teofil to [[Archbishop]]. Totally cut off from the Romanian emigre community in Paris, Teofil, able to speak to one of his former priests, admitted he had committed a grave error in leaving the Church Abroad, and further, said that he had become a hostage of the Securitate, the Romanian equivalent of the KGB.<br />
<br />
He died on [[May 9]], 1975, and was buried, due to the efforts of Archpriest Michel Constandache, in the Parisian Cemetery of Montparnasse, next to the grave of Metropolitan [[Visarion (Puiu)]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.rocorstudies.org/church-people/lives-of-bishops/2009/06/29/archbishop-teofil-ionescu-of-sevres/ Archbishop Teofil (Ionescu) of Sevres]<br />
* [http://www.ziarullumina.ro/memoria-bisericii/memoria-bisericii-imagini-arhiepiscopul-teofil-ionescu Memoria Bisericii în imagini: Arhiepiscopul Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.crestinortodox.ro/dictionarul-teologilor-romani/teofil-ionescu-84710.html Teofil Ionescu]<br />
* [http://www.ortodoxia.de/html/arhiepiscopul_roman_teofil_ionescu.html Arhiepiscopul român Teofil Ionescu]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Orthodox_Seminary_of_Kuopio&diff=115778Orthodox Seminary of Kuopio2013-05-10T01:05:22Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Orthodox Seminary of Kuopio''' provides the theological education of the [[clergy]] for the [[Church of Finland]] in coordination with the department of Orthodox Theology of the [[w:University_of_Eastern_Finland|University of Eastern Finland]]. <br />
{{stub}}<br />
==History==<br />
The Church of Finland established a [[seminary]] in 1918 after Finland gained independence from Russia and the Bolsheviks who had assumed power in Russia. The seminary provided a full curriculum of studies until 1988 when, through agreement with the University of Joensuu, those students preparing to serve the Church began to receive a large part of their theological training at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology of the University of Joensuu. The seminary, which is attached to the Archbishop's chancery in Kuopio, continues to provide liturgical training and spiritual direction for the theological students under the guidance of the [[archbishop]]. <br />
<br />
In January 2009, the University of Joensuu merged with the University of Kuopio to form the University of Eastern Finland.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://philotimo-leventia.blogspot.com/2011/01/orthodox-church-of-finland.html The Orthodox Church of Finland]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Seminaries]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Orthodox_Seminary_of_Kuopio&diff=115777Orthodox Seminary of Kuopio2013-05-10T01:04:59Z<p>Wsk: new article</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Orthodox Seminary of Kuopio''' provides the theological education of the [[clergy]] for the [[Church of Finland]] in coordination with the department of Orthodox Theology of the [[w:University_of_Eastern_Finland|University of Eastern Finland]]. <br />
{{stub}}<br />
==History==<br />
The Church of Finland established a [[seminary]] in 1918 after Finland gained independence from Russia and the Bolsheviks who had assumed power in Russia. The seminary provided a full curriculum of studies until 1988 when, through agreement with the University of Joensuu, those students preparing to serve the Church began to receive a large part of their theological training at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology of the University of Joensuu. The seminary, which is attached to the Archbishop's chancery in Kuopio, continues to provide liturgical training and spiritual direction for the theological students under the guidance of the [[archbishop]]. <br />
<br />
In January 2009, the University of Joensuu merged with the University of Kuopio to form the University of Eastern Finland.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://philotimo-leventia.blogspot.com/2011/01/orthodox-church-of-finland.html The Orthodox Church of Finland]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Seminaries[[</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Athanasius_(disambiguation)&diff=115764Athanasius (disambiguation)2013-05-08T01:20:50Z<p>Wsk: added saint</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Athanasius''''' may refer to the following saints:<br />
<br />
* '''[[Athanasius of Alexandria]]''' ([[January 18]]), also known as '''Athanasius the Great'''<br />
* [[Athanasius the Superintendent of Prisoners|Athanasius]] ο κομενταρήσιος ([[January 4]]) <br />
* [[Athanasius of Attalia]] the Martyr ([[January 7]]), Gr. Άτταλείας <br />
* [[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[January 13]])<br />
*Athanasius the confessor ([[February 22]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr of Sabaste|Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[March 9]]) <br />
*Athanasius, founder of Meteora monasteries ([[April 20]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[April 23]]), martyred from witchcraft.<br />
*Athanasius, Bishop of Korinth ([[May 4]])<br />
*Athanasius the New, Bishop of Chriotianoupoleos ([[May 17]])<br />
*Athanasius, the virgin-miracle worker ([[June 3]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Reader]] ([[June 20]])<br />
*Athanasius, the "Pentaskinitis" ([[June 20]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]], the unknown ([[June 23]])<br />
*[[Athanasius Parios]] ([[June 24]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Athos]] ([[July 5]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[July 18]])<br />
*Athanasius of Kios, the New-Martyr ([[July 24]])<br />
*Athanasius, the Priest martyr ([[August 22]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Bretsk]], the Russian ([[September 5]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Thessalonica]], the new-Martyr ([[September 8]])<br />
*Athanasius, the priest-martyr ([[October 29]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[November 7]])<br />
*Athanasius the Russian, the 'Εγκλειστος ([[December 2]])<br />
*Athanasius of Limnos, new-martyr<br />
*Athanasius the Demondestroyer (Gr. Δαιμονοκαταλύτης)<br />
*Athanasius, Bishop of Chytron, Cyprus (Gr. Χυτρών, Κύπρου)<br />
<br />
''Athanasius'' also refers to a number of bishops:<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius of Alexandria|Athanasius I of Alexandria]] (326-373)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius II of Alexandria]] (490-497)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius III of Alexandria]] (1270-1308)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius IV of Alexandria]] (1417-1429)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius I of Antioch]] (1166-1180)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius II Dabbas of Antioch]] (1611-1619)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius III Dabbas of Antioch]] (1686-1694, 1720-1724)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius I of Constantinople]] (1289-1293, 1303-1309)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius II (Pattelarus) of Constantinople]] (1450-1453)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius III of Constantinople|Athanasius III (Patelaros) of Constantinople]] (1634)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius IV of Constantinople]] (1679)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius V of Constantinople]] (1709-1711)<br />
<br />
<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Athanasius_the_Reader&diff=115763Athanasius the Reader2013-05-08T01:16:34Z<p>Wsk: new article</p>
<hr />
<div>The Holy [[martyr]] '''Athanasius the Reader''' was a devout believer in Our Lord Christ who with Demetrian the [[deacon]] and the [[priest]] Aristocles of Tamasa were martyred for their faith for preaching the [[Gospel]] of Christ on the Island of Cyprus in the early fourth century. St. Athanasius is commemorated on [[June 20]] with Ss. Demetrian and Aristocles.<br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
Other than the record of his martyrdom along with Deacon Demetrian and the Priest Aristocles little is known of the life of the Reader Athanasius. He and Dcn. Demetrian met Father Aristocles when Fr. Aristocles returned to his native city Tamasa on Cyprus to suffer for Christ. Fr. Aristocles had become fearful of the persecutions under the emperor Maximian Galerius and left his position at the [[cathedral]] to hide in a mountain cave. During prayer a light shone upon him, and he heard a command from the Lord to return to the island of Cyprus and suffer for Christ. Obedient to Our Lord's call Fr. Aristocles returned to Cyprus, visiting along the way the [[church]] of the holy [[Apostle Barnabas]]. There, he met Athanasius and Demetrian.<br />
<br />
Having told them about his vision, Fr. Aristocles joined Ss. Demetrian and Athanasius, and the three continued to the city of Salamis. In Salamis, the three began to preach to the people about the Lord Jesus Christ and denounced the folly of idol-worship. Soon, the [[paganism|pagans]] arrested the three [[saint]]s and brought them before the governor. Seeing that they were steadfast in their faith in Christ, the governor ordered the beheading of Aristocles, and the burning of Demetrian and Athanasius. When the martyrs remained unharmed by the fire, they were beheaded by sword. St. Athanasius and his companions were martyred in the year 306.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/20/101767-martyr-athanasius-the-reader-of-cyprus OCA: Martyr Athanasius the Reader of Cyprus]<br />
*[http://www.missionstclare.com/english/people/jun20o.html The Holy Martyrs Aristokles the Presbyter, Demetrian, and Athanasias]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs]]<br />
[[Category: 4th-century saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Athanasius_the_Martyr_of_Sabaste&diff=115762Athanasius the Martyr of Sabaste2013-05-07T22:28:10Z<p>Wsk: category</p>
<hr />
<div>The Holy [[martyr]] '''Athanasius''' was a member of the Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste]] who refused to sacrifice to [[Paganism|pagan]] gods, and suffered for Christ around 320. He is remembered on [[March 9]] with the other thirty-nine martyrs.<br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
Athanasius was a member of the army of Licinius who was co-emperor of the Roman Empire with [[Constantine the Great]]. Licinius, who had reneged on his acceptance of the [[Edict of Milan]] and reverted to paganism, was preparing his army to fight against Constantine. Fearing mutiny, he decided to remove all Christians from his army. At the time, a company of forty Cappadocians that included Athanasius was stationed in the Armenian city of Sebaste under the command of the pagan Agricola. <br />
<br />
When these brave soldiers, who had distinguished themselves in many battles, refused to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, Agricola locked them up in prison. As punishment, Agricola had the holy soldiers thrown into a lake near the city with a guard stationed on the shore to prevent them from coming out of the water. As it was a severely cold winter, a warm bath house had been set up on the shore as an enticement to break the will of the martyrs and encourage them to sacrifice to the pagan gods. Under these conditions one of the soldiers came out of the water to offer sacrifice, but one of the guards, Aglaius, took his place. As morning came, the pagans were surprised to see the martyrs still alive with their guard Aglaius amongst them glorifying Christ. This led to the next stage of torture as the guards led the holy soldiers out of the water and broke their legs. As the martyrs died, their bodies were placed on a cart and committed to a fire, after which their charred bones were thrown into the water, so that Christians would not gather them up. <br />
<br />
Three days later, the martyrs appeared in a dream to St. Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and commanded him to bury the remains of the martyrs. Bishop Peter, together with several [[clergy]], gathered the [[relics]] of Athanasius and the glorious martyrs by night and buried them with honor.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/03/09/100737-martyr-athanasius-of-the-holy-40-martyrs-of-sebaste OCA: Martyr Athanasius of the Holy 40 Martyrs of Sebaste]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs]]<br />
[[Category: 4th-century saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Athanasius_(disambiguation)&diff=115752Athanasius (disambiguation)2013-05-06T01:34:16Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''Athanasius''''' may refer to the following saints:<br />
<br />
* '''[[Athanasius of Alexandria]]''' ([[January 18]]), also known as '''Athanasius the Great'''<br />
* [[Athanasius the Superintendent of Prisoners|Athanasius]] ο κομενταρήσιος ([[January 4]]) <br />
* [[Athanasius of Attalia]] the Martyr ([[January 7]]), Gr. Άτταλείας <br />
* [[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[January 13]])<br />
*Athanasius the confessor ([[February 22]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr of Sabaste|Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[March 9]]) <br />
*Athanasius, founder of Meteora monasteries ([[April 20]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[April 23]]), martyred from witchcraft.<br />
*Athanasius, Bishop of Korinth ([[May 4]])<br />
*Athanasius the New, Bishop of Chriotianoupoleos ([[May 17]])<br />
*Athanasius, the virgin-miracle worker ([[June 3]])<br />
*Athanasius, the "Pentaskinitis" ([[June 20]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]], the unknown ([[June 23]])<br />
*[[Athanasius Parios]] ([[June 24]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Athos]] ([[July 5]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[July 18]])<br />
*Athanasius of Kios, the New-Martyr ([[July 24]])<br />
*Athanasius, the Priest martyr ([[August 22]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Bretsk]], the Russian ([[September 5]])<br />
*[[Athanasius of Thessalonica]], the new-Martyr ([[September 8]])<br />
*Athanasius, the priest-martyr ([[October 29]])<br />
*[[Athanasius the Martyr]] ([[November 7]])<br />
*Athanasius the Russian, the 'Εγκλειστος ([[December 2]])<br />
*Athanasius of Limnos, new-martyr<br />
*Athanasius the Demondestroyer (Gr. Δαιμονοκαταλύτης)<br />
*Athanasius, Bishop of Chytron, Cyprus (Gr. Χυτρών, Κύπρου)<br />
<br />
''Athanasius'' also refers to a number of bishops:<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius of Alexandria|Athanasius I of Alexandria]] (326-373)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius II of Alexandria]] (490-497)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius III of Alexandria]] (1270-1308)<br />
*Pope [[Athanasius IV of Alexandria]] (1417-1429)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius I of Antioch]] (1166-1180)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius II Dabbas of Antioch]] (1611-1619)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius III Dabbas of Antioch]] (1686-1694, 1720-1724)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius I of Constantinople]] (1289-1293, 1303-1309)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius II (Pattelarus) of Constantinople]] (1450-1453)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius III of Constantinople|Athanasius III (Patelaros) of Constantinople]] (1634)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius IV of Constantinople]] (1679)<br />
*Patr. [[Athanasius V of Constantinople]] (1709-1711)<br />
<br />
<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Athanasius_the_Martyr_of_Sabaste&diff=115751Athanasius the Martyr of Sabaste2013-05-06T01:32:05Z<p>Wsk: new article</p>
<hr />
<div>The Holy [[martyr]] '''Athanasius''' was a member of the Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste]] who refused to sacrifice to [[Paganism|pagan]] gods, and suffered for Christ around 320. He is remembered on [[March 9]] with the other thirty-nine martyrs.<br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
Athanasius was a member of the army of Licinius who was co-emperor of the Roman Empire with [[Constantine the Great]]. Licinius, who had reneged on his acceptance of the [[Edict of Milan]] and reverted to paganism, was preparing his army to fight against Constantine. Fearing mutiny, he decided to remove all Christians from his army. At the time, a company of forty Cappadocians that included Athanasius was stationed in the Armenian city of Sebaste under the command of the pagan Agricola. <br />
<br />
When these brave soldiers, who had distinguished themselves in many battles, refused to offer sacrifice to the pagan gods, Agricola locked them up in prison. As punishment, Agricola had the holy soldiers thrown into a lake near the city with a guard stationed on the shore to prevent them from coming out of the water. As it was a severely cold winter, a warm bath house had been set up on the shore as an enticement to break the will of the martyrs and encourage them to sacrifice to the pagan gods. Under these conditions one of the soldiers came out of the water to offer sacrifice, but one of the guards, Aglaius, took his place. As morning came, the pagans were surprised to see the martyrs still alive with their guard Aglaius amongst them glorifying Christ. This led to the next stage of torture as the guards led the holy soldiers out of the water and broke their legs. As the martyrs died, their bodies were placed on a cart and committed to a fire, after which their charred bones were thrown into the water, so that Christians would not gather them up. <br />
<br />
Three days later, the martyrs appeared in a dream to St. Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and commanded him to bury the remains of the martyrs. Bishop Peter, together with several [[clergy]], gathered the [[relics]] of Athanasius and the glorious martyrs by night and buried them with honor.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/03/09/100737-martyr-athanasius-of-the-holy-40-martyrs-of-sebaste OCA: Martyr Athanasius of the Holy 40 Martyrs of Sebaste]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: 4th-century saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebaste&diff=115750Forty Martyrs of Sebaste2013-05-05T18:56:34Z<p>Wsk: removed link</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Holy Forty Martyrs of Sebaste.jpg|frame|right|Holy Forty Martyrs of Sebaste]]<br />
The holy, glorious and right-victorious '''Forty Martyrs of Sebaste''' are a group of Roman soldiers who became [[martyr]]s for their Christian faith in 320. Ss. Cyrion (Quirio), Candidus, Domnus, Hesychius, Heraclius, Smaragdus, Eunoicus, Valens, Vivianus, Claudius, Priscus, Theodulus, Eutychius, John, Santhias, Helianus, Sisinius, Angius, Aetius, Flavius, Acacius, Ecdicius, Lysimachus, Alexander, Elias, Gorgonius, Theophilus, Dometian, Gaius, Leontius, Athanasius, Cyril, Sacerdon, Nicholas, Valerius, Philoctimon, Severian, Chudion, Aglaius, and Meliton are commemorated by the Church on [[March 9]].<br />
<br />
St. [[Constantine the Great]] issued an edict in the year 313, granting Christians religious freedom, and officially recognizing Christianity as equal with paganism under the law. But Licinius, his co-ruler and a pagan, continued to persecute the Christians of the East. He also purged Christians from his own army, fearing mutiny. <br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
According to St. [[Basil the Great|Basil]], forty soldiers who had openly confessed themselves Christians were condemned by the prefect to be exposed naked upon a frozen pond near Sebaste on a bitterly cold night, that they might freeze to death. Among the confessors, one yielded and, leaving his companions, sought the warm baths near the lake which had been prepared for any who might prove inconstant. One of the guards set to keep watch over the martyrs beheld a supernatural brilliancy overshadowing them and at once proclaimed himself a Christian, threw off his garments, and placed himself beside the thirty-nine soldiers of Christ. Thus the number of forty remained complete. At daybreak, the stiffened bodies of the confessors, which still showed signs of life, were burned and the charred bones were cast into a river so that Christians would not gather them up.<br />
<br />
Three days later the martyrs appeared in a dream to St. Peter, Bishop of Sebaste, and commanded him to bury their remains. The bishop, together with several [[clergy]], gathered up the [[relics]] of the glorious martyrs by night and buried them with honor. <br />
<br />
==Early Veneration==<br />
Relics were distributed throughout many cities; in this way the veneration paid to the Forty Martyrs became widespread, and numerous churches were erected in their honour. One of them was built at [[Caesarea]], in Cappadocia, and it was in this church that St. [[Basil the Great|Basil]] publicly delivered his homily. St. [[Gregory of Nyssa]] was a special client of these holy martyrs. Two discourses in praise of them, preached by him in the church dedicated to them, are still preserved (''P.G.'', XLVI, 749 sqq., 773 sqq.) and upon the death of his parents, he laid them to rest beside the relics of the confessors. St. [[Ephrem the Syrian|Ephraem the Syrian]], has also eulogized the Forty Martyrs (''Hymni in SS. 40 martyres''). Historian [[Sozomen]], who was an eye-witness, has left us (''Hist. Eccl.'', IX, 2) an interesting account of the finding of the relics in Constantinople through the instrumentality of Empress [[Pulcheria the Empress|Pulcheria]].<br />
<br />
==Hymns==<br />
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 1) [http://oca.org/FStropars.asp?SID=13&ID=100706]<br />
:Together let us honor the holy company united by faith,<br />
:Those noble warriors of the Master of all.<br />
:They were divinely enlisted for [[Christ]],<br />
:And passed through fire and water.<br />
:Then they entered into refreshment praying for those who cry:<br />
:Glory to him who has strengthened you!<br />
:Glory to him who has crowned you!<br />
:Glory to him who has made you wonderful, O holy Forty Martyrs!<br />
<br />
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 6) [http://oca.org/FStropars.asp?SID=13&ID=100706]<br />
:You abandoned all earthly armies,<br />
:Cleaving to the heavenly Master, O Forty Martyrs of the Lord.<br />
:Having passed through fire and water, O Blessed Ones,<br />
:You have fittingly received heavenly glory and many crowns.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebaste&oldid=196332471 ''Forty Martyrs of Sebaste'' at Wikipedia]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100706 40 Holy Martyrs of Sebaste] ([[OCA]])<br />
*[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=March&day=9 The Holy Forty Martyrs of Sebastea] (''[[Prologue of Ohrid]]'')<br />
<br />
[[Category:Martyrs]]<br />
[[Category:Saints]]<br />
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]<br />
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]<br />
[[Category:4th-century saints]]<br />
<br />
[[pt:Quarenta Mártires de Sebaste]]<br />
[[ro:Sfinţii 40 de mucenici din Sevastia]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Alfred_the_Great&diff=115746Alfred the Great2013-05-05T00:07:23Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The holy and right-believing King '''Alfred the Great''' was the King of Wessex from 871 to 899. He successfully stopped the advance of the Danes into Anglo-Saxon England, unifying the country. In addition to being the unifier of Anglo-Saxon England in the face of the Danish invasion, Alfred was a promoter of education, father of English prose, a patron of the Church, and a reviver of [[monasticism]] in the country. He is the only English monarch to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred the Great is remembered on [[October 26]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Alfred was born in 849 in the village Wanating in what is now Wantage, Oxfordshire, the youngest son of King Aethelwulf of Wessex and his first wife, Osburga. Aethelwulf was a devout Christian, a trait that would reflect in Alfred's life. It was during his youth that [[Bishop]] Asser tells the story of how as a child Alfred won a prize of a volume of poetry in English offered by his mother to the first of her children able to memorize it. Legend also has it that the young Alfred spent time in Ireland seeking healing. He was troubled by health problems throughout his life although today he is often portrayed as a great warrior who was noted more for his intellect.<br />
<br />
As the youngest of the four sons of King Aethelwulf, the young Alfred lived in their shadows. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle mentions that Pope [[Leo IV of Rome|Leo IV]] "anointed him as king" during a [[pilgrimage]] to Rome about the year 853, a possible misinterpretation of an investiture as "consul" during the pilgrimage by King Aethelwulf and Alfred in the years 854-855. During the disputes between the king and Alfred's older brothers and the reigns of Aethelbald and Aethelberht, Alfred is not mentioned. King Aethelwulf died in 858. <br />
<br />
It was following the accession of his third brother, Aethelred of Wessex, in 866, that Alfred's public life began. Fighting beside his brother Aethelred, in 868, Alfred fought unsuccessfully attempting to keep the invading Danes, led by Ivar the Boneless, out of the adjoining Kingdom of Mercia. Then in late 870, with the arrival of the Danes in his homeland, Alfred became involved in nine battles with varying outcomes. Thus, the year 870 was the low-water mark in the history of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Only Wessex remained to resist as all the other kingdoms having fallen to the Vikings.<br />
<br />
In April 871, King Aethelred died, leaving two under-age sons, Aethelheim and Aethelwold. However, on [[April 23]], 871, Alfred succeeded to the throne of Wessex, and the burden of its defense, in accordance with an agreement that Aethelred and Alfred had made earlier that year at an assembly at Swinbeorg. The Danes continued to press their attacks, forcing Alfred to ‘make peace’ with them, a peace that lasted for five years. In 876 under their new leader, [[w:Guthrum|Guthrum]], the Danes renewed their aggression. After a narrow escape from an attack on Chippenham in January 878, Alfred, mounted an effective resistance movement from a fort at Athelney on an island in the marshes of North Petherton, rallying the local militias from Somerset, Wiltshire, and Hampshire. In mid 878, Alfred, backed by the people of Somerset and Wiltshire, emerged from his marshland stronghold to defeat the Danes at the Battle of Ethandun in a carefully planned offensive that pushed the Danes into their stronghold of Chippenham where they were starved into submission. <br />
<br />
Among the terms of the surrender was that Guthrum [[conversion|converted]] to Christianity. Three weeks later King Guthrum and 29 of his chief men were [[baptism|baptized]] at Alfred's court at Aller, near Atheiney, with Alfred receiving Guthrum as his spiritual son with the name Athelstan.<ref>Anglo Saxon Chronicle Trans. by M. J. Swanton (New York, Routledge: 1996)</ref> In the treaty negotiated in either 879 or 880 Alfred and Guthrum established the borders dividing their lands of which that part controlled by Guthrum became known as Danelaw. While the treaty with Guthrum brought an end to large scale conflicts, Alfred still had to deal with raids and incursions. During this period, Arthur reoccupied the city of London and initiated a program of restoring the city. <br />
<br />
With the death of Guthrum in 889, a political vacuum was created in which revived attacks by Danes from the continent reopened war with the Vikings, thus ending these quiet years of Arthur's life. Against the traditionally organized Danish tactics Arthur counter with a restructured military organization that included a standing, mobile field army, a network of garrisons, and a small fleet of ships navigating the rivers and estuaries. Alfred's re-organization of the military defense system included the establishment of network of fortresses at strategic points in the kingdom. These ''burhs'' (later called boroughs) enabled his army to confront Viking attacks anywhere in the kingdom within a day, which formed significant obstacles to the Viking invaders.<br />
<br />
In addition to his re-organization of the defense of his realm, Arthur initiated a new legal code that was based on the laws of his predecessors but mediated by his own standards. This code bore an introduction in which Alfred placed his laws in the context of Christian law as presented in the [[Decalogue]], chapters from the Book of [[Exodus]], and the 'Apostolic Letter' from the [[Acts of the Apostles]] (15:23-29), thus giving his law-giving the sense of being a continuance of the holy past. Alfred also undertook the revival of scholarship in England that had been depressed during the Viking invasions. This was done through the recruitment of clerical scholars from Mercia, Wales, and abroad to enhance education at the court and of the Church episcopacy and, through the establishment of a court school, to educate his own children, the sons of his nobles, and intellectually promising boys of lesser birth. <br />
<br />
By appointing pious, learned, and trustworthy bishops and [[abbot]]s, Albert initiated a spiritual revival among the monasteries. He also emphasized translation of books he deemed "most necessary for all men to know."<ref>Preface to Alfred's translation of Gregory the Great's ''Pastoral Care'', in Keynes & Lapidge 1983 p. 126.</ref> He himself contributed to the spiritual revival through his translations that included translation into English of [[Gregory the Great]]'s ''Pastoral Care'' , Boethius' ''Consolation of Philosophy'', St. [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]]'s ''Soliloquies'', and the first fifty psalms of the [[Psalter]]. <br />
<br />
==Family, death, and burial==<br />
Alfred married Ealhswith in 868. She was the daughter of a Mercian nobleman, Aethelred Mucil the Ealdorman of the Gaini. Their children included Edward the Elder, who succeeded Arthur as king, Aetheflaed, who became Queen of Mercia, and Aelfthryth, who married Count Baldwin II of Flanders. Alfred died on October 26, most probably in 899. The cause of his death is unknown, but may be from Crohn's disease, as he suffered throughout his life with a painful and unpleasant illness. His body was temporarily buried in the Old Minster in Winchester before being moved to the New Minster. In 1110, his [[relics]] were [[Translation (relics)|translated]] to Hyde Abbey along with those of his wife and children. After the dissolution of the abbey during the reign of Henry VIII in 1539, the church was demolished, but leaving the graves intact. In 1788, when a prison was being constructed by convicts on the site of the royal graves, and many others, they were probably rediscovered by chance. But, the coffins were stripped of lead, bones were scattered and lost, and subsequently no identifiable remains of Alfred have been found.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Alfred_the_Great]]<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/saintsa.htm Alfred the Great]<br />
*[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/alfred.html King Alfred the Great (849-899)]<br />
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[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Rulers]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Germanos_(Karavaggelis)_of_Amaseia&diff=115745Germanos (Karavaggelis) of Amaseia2013-05-04T01:03:14Z<p>Wsk: Content added - revised added source</p>
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<div>His Eminence '''Germanos (Karavaggelis)''', (Greek: Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης), was a hierarch under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. He was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Kastoria]] from 1900 to 1908 during the time he was an active participant in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia, favoring the Greek position against that of the Bulgarians, as the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] was disintegrating prior to World War I. He was among the candidates for election to the [[see]] of Constantinople in 1921.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Stylianos Karavangelis (Greek: Στυλιανός Καραβαγγέλης) was born on [[June 16]], 1866 in Stipsi on the Island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. In 1868, he moved with his family to Adramiti on the west coast of Asia Minor. He had a brother and six sisters. His grandfather had taken part in the Greek revolution of 1821. Stylianos studied at the [[Theological School of Halki]], graduating in 1888. During this time he also was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] with the name Germanos. He continued his education, studying theology and philosophy at Leipzig and Bonn. He returned to Constantinople in 1891 to teach religious history at the school at Halki. <br />
<br />
In 1895, Germanos was elected [[bishop]] of Pera in Constantinople. In 1900, he was appointed the Metropolitan of Kastoria in the name of the Greek state by the ambassador of Greece Nikolaos Mavrokordatos. The metropolis was then part of the mixed ethnic area of Macedonia in the Ottoman Empire and is now located in the periphery of West Macedonia, Greece. In Kastoria, he became involved in the Macedonian revolutionary movement. His activities supporting Greek interests during the Macedonian Struggle in Macedonia in the first decade of the twentieth century resulted in the demand, in 1907, by the Ottoman Turks for his removal from Macedonia by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. <br />
<br />
After his removal in 1908, Metr. Germanos was elected to the see of Amaseia in Pontus where during the following years the Turkish government took aggressive action to remove the Pontian Greeks. In the election of a new [[patriarch]] of Constantinople in 1921, Metr. Germanos' name was included among the final three-member candidates in the list with Metropolitans Nikolaos of Caesarea and [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletius of Athens]][http://constantinople.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11472]. In 1923 after the exchange of populations, he was elected the Metropolitan of the Metropolis of Ioannina by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], followed in 1924, with his appointment by the Ecumenical Patriarchate as the Exarch of Hungary with his see in Vienna, Austria. <br />
<br />
Metr. Germanos reposed on [[February 11]], 1935 in Vienna, Austria.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Bishop of Pera|<br />
years=1895 - 1900|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Kastoria|<br />
years=1900 - 1908|<br />
after=Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis)}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Amaseia|<br />
years=1908 - 1923|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|<br />
years=1923 - 1924|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Exarch of Hungary|<br />
years=1924 - 1935|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/en/foreign_policy/people/index.html Metropolitan of Kastoria Germanos Karavangelis] <br />
*[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Germanus Karavangelis Metropolitan of Kastoria (1900-1908)] In Greek<br />
*[http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Германос_Каравангелис Germanos Karavangelis] In Macedonian<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Germanos_Karavaggelis]]<br />
*[http://pravoslavnasrbkinja.blogspot.com/2012/05/pontian-genocide-may-19.html Pontian Genocide]<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris: The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912. Paving the Way for the Liberation]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Kastoria]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Amaseia]]<br />
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Metropolis_of_Kastoria&diff=115744Metropolis of Kastoria2013-05-04T00:40:33Z<p>Wsk: more than a stub</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Metropolis of Kastoria''' (Gr:Καστοριά), is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that are within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto are administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople.<br />
<br />
The [[diocese|metropolis]] is located in northern Greece in the periphery of West Macedonia.<br />
<br />
==Metropolitans==<br />
* [[Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria|Seraphim (Papakostas)]] 1996 - Present<br />
* Gregorios III (Papoutsopoulos) 1985-1996<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=18&Itemid=37 Γρηγόριος ο Γ’ (Παπουτσόπουλος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Gregorios II (Maistros) 1974-1985<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=17&Itemid=36 Γρηγόριος ο Β’ (Μαΐστρος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Dorotheos (Giannaropoulos) 1958-1973<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=16&Itemid=35 Δωρόθεος Γιανναρόπουλος].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Nikiphoros (Papasideris) 1936-1958<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=15&Itemid=34 Νικηφόρος Παπασιδέρης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Ioakeim (Leptidis) 1911-1931<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=14&Itemid=33 Ιωακείμ Λεπτίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis) 1908-1911<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=13&Itemid=32 Ιωακείμ Βαξεβανίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* [[Germanos (Karavaggelis) of Amaseia|Germanos (Karavangelis)]] 1900-1908<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris, ''The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912'', p514]</ref> <br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*Monastery of Holy Melissotopou For Men<br />
*Monastery of Holy Vassiliadis For Men<br />
*Monastery of Panagia Mavriotissa For Men<br />
*Monastery of St. George Eptahori For Men<br />
<br />
*Monastery of Panagia Kleisouras For Women<br />
*Monastery of St. Nicholas Tsirilovou For Women<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Kastoria.html Holy Metropolis of Kastoria]<br />
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Kastorias/Kastorias.html Kastoria] In Greek<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dioceses|Kastoria]]<br />
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Kastoria]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Metropolis_of_Kastoria&diff=115743Metropolis of Kastoria2013-05-03T01:13:24Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Metropolis of Kastoria''' (Gr:Καστοριά), is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that are within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto are administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople.<br />
<br />
The [[diocese|metropolis]] is located in northern Greece in the periphery of West Macedonia.<br />
{{stub}}<br />
==Metropolitans==<br />
* [[Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria|Seraphim (Papakostas)]] 1996 - Present<br />
* Gregorios III (Papoutsopoulos) 1985-1996<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=18&Itemid=37 Γρηγόριος ο Γ’ (Παπουτσόπουλος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Gregorios II (Maistros) 1974-1985<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=17&Itemid=36 Γρηγόριος ο Β’ (Μαΐστρος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Dorotheos (Giannaropoulos) 1958-1973<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=16&Itemid=35 Δωρόθεος Γιανναρόπουλος].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Nikiphoros (Papasideris) 1936-1958<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=15&Itemid=34 Νικηφόρος Παπασιδέρης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Ioakeim (Leptidis) 1911-1931<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=14&Itemid=33 Ιωακείμ Λεπτίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis) 1908-1911<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=13&Itemid=32 Ιωακείμ Βαξεβανίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><br />
* [[Germanos (Karavaggelis) of Amaseia|Germanos (Karavangelis)]] 1900-1908<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris, ''The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912'', p514]</ref> <br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*Monastery of Holy Melissotopou For Men<br />
*Monastery of Holy Vassiliadis For Men<br />
*Monastery of Panagia Mavriotissa For Men<br />
*Monastery of St. George Eptahori For Men<br />
<br />
*Monastery of Panagia Kleisouras For Women<br />
*Monastery of St. Nicholas Tsirilovou For Women<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Kastoria.html Holy Metropolis of Kastoria]<br />
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Kastorias/Kastorias.html Kastoria] In Greek<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dioceses|Kastoria]]<br />
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Kastoria]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Germanos_(Karavaggelis)_of_Amaseia&diff=115742Germanos (Karavaggelis) of Amaseia2013-05-03T01:11:17Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Germanos (Karavaggelis)''', (Greek: Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης), was a hierarch under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. He was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Kastoria]] from 1900 to 1908 during the time he was an active participant in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia, favoring the Greek position against that of the Bulgarians, as the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] was disintegrating prior to World War I. He was among the candidates for election to the [[see]] of Constantinople in 1921.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Stylianos Karavangelis was born on [[June 16]], 1866 in Stipsi on the Island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. Little is known of his early life. He had a brother and six sisters. His grandfather had taken part in the Greek revolution of 1821. Stylianos studied at the [[Theological School of Halki]] at which he later taught religious history. He held a position as a suffragan [[bishop]] in Pera in Constantinople. In 1900, he was appointed the Metropolitan of Kastoria in the name of the Greek state by the ambassador of Greece Nikolaos Mavrokordatos. The metropolis was then part of the mixed ethnic area of Macedonia in the Ottoman Empire and is now located in the periphery of West Macedonia, Greece.<br />
<br />
His activities supporting Greek interests during the Macedonian Struggle in Macedonia in the first decade of the twentieth century resulted in the demand, in 1907, by the Ottoman Turks for his removal from Macedonia. After his removal in 1908, Metr. Germanos was elected to the see of Amaseia in Pontus. In the election of a new [[patriarch]] of Constantinople in 1921, Metr. Germanos' name was included in the final three-member candidate list with Metropolitans Nikolaos of Caesarea and [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletius of Athens]][http://constantinople.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11472]. In 1923 after the exchange of populations, he was elected the Metropolitan of the Metropolis of Ioannina by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], followed in 1924, with an appointed as the Exarch for the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Vienna, Austria. <br />
<br />
Metr. Germanos reposed on [[February 11]], 1935 in Vienna, Austria.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Kastoria|<br />
years=1900 - 1908|<br />
after=Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis)}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Amaseia|<br />
years=1908 - 1923|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|<br />
years=1923 - 1924|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Exarch of Austria|<br />
years=1924 - 1935|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/en/foreign_policy/people/index.html Metropolitan of Kastoria Germanos Karavangelis] <br />
*[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Germanus Karavangelis Metropolitan of Kastoria (1900-1908)] In Greek<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Germanos_Karavaggelis]]<br />
*[http://pravoslavnasrbkinja.blogspot.com/2012/05/pontian-genocide-may-19.html Pontian Genocide]<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris: The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912. Paving the Way for the Liberation]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Kastoria]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Amaseia]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Austria]]<br />
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Category:Bishops_of_Amaseia&diff=115741Category:Bishops of Amaseia2013-05-03T01:10:27Z<p>Wsk: category</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category: Bishops by city|Amaseia]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Germanos_(Karavaggelis)_of_Amaseia&diff=115740Germanos (Karavaggelis) of Amaseia2013-05-03T01:09:26Z<p>Wsk: new article</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Germanos (Karavaggelis)''', (Greek: Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης), was a hierarch under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. He was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Kastoria]] from 1900 to 1908 during the time he was an active participant in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia, favoring the Greek position against that of the Bulgarians, as the [[Ottoman Empire]] was disintegrating prior to World War I. He was among the candidates for election to the [[see]] of Constantinople in 1921.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Stylianos Karavangelis was born on [[June 16]], 1866 in Stipsi on the Island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. Little is known of his early life. He had a brother and six sisters. His grandfather had taken part in the Greek revolution of 1821. Stylianos studied at the [[Theological School of Halki]] at which he later taught religious history. He held a position as a suffragan [[bishop]] in Pera in Constantinople. In 1900, he was appointed the Metropolitan of Kastoria in the name of the Greek state by the ambassador of Greece Nikolaos Mavrokordatos. The metropolis was then part of the mixed ethnic area of Macedonia in the Ottoman Empire and is now located in the periphery of West Macedonia, Greece.<br />
<br />
His activities supporting Greek interests during the Macedonian Struggle in Macedonia in the first decade of the twentieth century resulted in the demand, in 1907, by the Ottoman Turks for his removal from Macedonia. After his removal in 1908, Metr. Germanos was elected to the see of Amaseia in Pontus. In the election of a new [[patriarch]] of Constantinople in 1921, Metr. Germanos' name was included in the final three-member candidate list with Metropolitans Nikolaos of Caesarea and [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletius of Athens]][http://constantinople.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11472]. In 1923 after the exchange of populations, he was elected the Metropolitan of the Metropolis of Ioannina by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], followed in 1924, with an appointed as the Exarch for the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Vienna, Austria. <br />
<br />
Metr. Germanos reposed on [[February 11]], 1935 in Vienna, Austria.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Kastoria|<br />
years=1900 - 1908|<br />
after=Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis)}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Amaseia|<br />
years=1908 - 1923|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|<br />
years=1923 - 1924|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Exarch of Austria|<br />
years=1924 - 1935|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/13/en/foreign_policy/people/index.html Metropolitan of Kastoria Germanos Karavangelis] <br />
*[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Germanus Karavangelis Metropolitan of Kastoria (1900-1908)] In Greek<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Germanos_Karavaggelis]]<br />
*[http://pravoslavnasrbkinja.blogspot.com/2012/05/pontian-genocide-may-19.html Pontian Genocide]<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris: The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912. Paving the Way for the Liberation]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Kastoria]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Amaseia]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Austria]]<br />
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Abdallah_Ibn_Al-Fadl&diff=115722Abdallah Ibn Al-Fadl2013-05-01T22:44:41Z<p>Wsk: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Abu al-Fath Abdallah ibn al-Fadl ibn Abdallah al-Mutran al-Antaki''' (Arabic عبد الله بن الفضل بن عبد الله المطران الانطاكي) was a [[deacon]] and translator active in Antioch during the middle of the 11th century, during a period of renewed Byzantine rule over the city. He was responsible for a large number of patristic translations, as well as original theological and philosophical works. Little is known of his life, apart from what can be gleaned from manuscripts of his texts. He was a deacon and the grandson of a [[bishop]]. He received an excellent education in both Arabic and Greek, having studied Arabic grammar with the famous poet Abul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri. Several of his works and translations were commissioned by notables from Antioch and neighboring cities in [[Muslim]] territory.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Original Works ==<br />
1. The Book of Benefit(Kitab al-Manfa‘a)<br />
<br />
2. Discourse on the [[Holy Trinity]](Kalam fi l-lahut)<br />
<br />
3. Book of the Joy of the Believer (Kitab Bahjat al-Mu'min)<br />
<br />
4. Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (Sharh al-Amana al-Mustaqima wa-Ibanat Ghalat al-Ya'aqiba wa-l-Nastur 'Ala Sabil al-Ijaz)<br />
<br />
5. Questions and Responses on the Trinity and the Incarnation(Masa'il wa-Ajwiba hawla al-Tathlith wa-l-Ittihad)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Clergy]]<br />
[[Category: Deacons]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Boris_T._Pash&diff=115721Boris T. Pash2013-05-01T22:07:08Z<p>Wsk: added image</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Boris Pash.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Colonel Boris T. Pash USA - 1945]]<br />
Colonel '''Boris T. Pash''' (1900-1995), an Orthodox Christian, was a U.S. Army officer whose fame came from his work as an intelligence officer in the World War II Manhattan Project (atomic bomb) and the Alsos Mission. He was also the son of [[Metropolitan]] [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]].<br />
<br />
As a member of General MacArthur's staff of the occupation forces of Japan immediately following World War II, Pash was instrumental in the political actions of the Americans in fending off attempts by the Soviet Union to obtain control and use the Orthodox Church in Japan for Soviet intelligence purposes.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Boris Theodorovich Pashkovsky was born on [[June 20]], 1900, in San Francisco, California, into the family of a young Russian Orthodox missionary priest, Fr. Theodore Pashkovsky. Theodore was sent to the United States in 1894 to assist Bishop [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas]] of the North American [[diocese]]. In San Francisco, Theodore met his wife Ella Dabovich. After their marriage Theodore was [[ordination|ordained]] to the [[diaconate]] and then the [[priest]]hood. After Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] returned to Russia, Fr. Theodore returned Europe with his family in 1912, to a position in the Warsaw-Vilna Diocese.<br />
<br />
In Russia, the young Boris grew up, attending a [[seminary]] school and graduating in 1917. With the start of the Russian Civil War in 1918, Boris joined the navy of the White Russian Forces. In 1920, he married Lydia Ivanov. Recognizing that the Bolsheviks were consolidating their power in Russia, Boris chose to return to the United States with his wife. Their son Edgar Pashkovsky was born in Berlin Germany while they were enroute to the United States. <br />
<br />
After returning to the United States, Boris attended Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts, graduating with a B. A. degree in physical education. It was during this time that he changed his family name to Pash. Moving to the American West Coast, Boris taught at the Hollywood High School in Los Angeles and continued his education at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, receiving a M.A. degree. He also joined the U. S. Army Reserves.<br />
<br />
Called to active duty in 1940, Boris was assigned as a security officer with the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico. During the latter half of World War II, Boris was assigned as leader of Operation Alsos, an operation that moved with the advancing Allied forces, with direction to determine the progress made by the Axis toward developing nuclear weapons.<br />
<br />
After the end of the war, in 1946, Colonel Boris Pash was assigned in Japan as a foreign liaison officer under General Douglas MacArthur on the staff of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP). At the time various negotiations and correspondence were under way among offices of SCAP, the Orthodox [[Church of Japan]], the Moscow Patriarchate and its American Exarchate, and the Soviet member of the Allied Council to Japan over the return of the Church to the governance of the [[Church of Russia]]. Among these negotiations was an attempt by the chancery of the Japanese Church to make direct contact with Church officials in the United States through an American officer in SCAP, referred to in the chancery documents as "[[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Mr. Royster]]", later Abp. Dmitri of Dallas. This contact was with a Metr. Benjamin, presumably Metr. [[Benjamin (Fedchenkov) of the Aleutians|Benjamin (Fedchenkov)]] the metropolitan of the [[Russian Exarchate of North America|Russian Patriarchal Exarchate]] of North America. This contact died after action was referred to the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
Col. Pash represented SCAP in negotiations with the Japanese Church and interactions with the American [[Metropolia]] in the United States of which Col. Pash's father, Metr. [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus]], was the leader. After the Japanese Church formally requested a [[bishop]] from the Metropolia, Col. Pash used his position to ensure that a large number of U. S. Army Orthodox believers in the Tokyo area were present at the arrival of [[Bishop]] [[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh|Benjamin]] for his first [[Divine Liturgy]] at [[Holy Resurrection Cathedral (Tokyo, Japan)|Nicolai-do Cathedral]] in Tokyo thus thwarting expected efforts by the Soviets of an international incident at the [[cathedral]].<br />
<br />
After his return to the United States Col. Pash held a number of other intelligence positions. While stationed in Washington D.C. in the late 1950s, he was a member of the [[parish]] of [[St. Nicholas Cathedral (Washington, D.C.)|St. Nicholas Cathedral]] and, as a member of its board of trustees, coordinated the construction of the cathedral superstructure.<br />
<br />
Col. Pash died in retirement on [[May 11]], 1995 in Greenbrae, California.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Boris Pash]]<br />
*Masatoshi John Shoji, ''The Orthodox Church of Japan, 1912-1954: A Time of Troubles'', Master's Thesis, St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Crestwood, New York, May 2007<br />
*Pash, Boris T., ''Checkmate!,'' The American Legion Magazine, April, 1958, pp. 14-15, 42-43.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Church History|Pash]]<br />
[[Category:People|Pash]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Tregubov&diff=115709Andrew Tregubov2013-04-29T01:10:26Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The very reverend [[Andrew Tregubov]] (born 1951, Moscow) is an [[archpriest]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA) who is a renowned Russian-American master [[iconographer]], author, and lecturer. <br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Since his childhood he had been drawn to the images of ancient Christian art that he saw in museums and churches. As he grew older the mystical and philosophical aspects of Christian teaching revealed by this art became more and more the focus of his interest.<br />
<br />
Andrew and his wife, [[Matushka]] Galina, who embroiders [[icon]]s, immigrated to America in 1975, and the following year Andrew entered [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] in Crestwood, New York. At St. Vladimir's Seminary he had the opportunity to study with such famous teachers as professor [[Sergei Sergeevich Verhovskoy|Serge Verhovskoy]], Rev. [[John Meyendorff]], and most especially Rev. [[Alexander Schmemann]], an internationally renowned scholar and important leader of the Orthodox Church in America.<br />
<br />
Studying the theory and history of iconography at St. Vladimir's, Andrew began to convert his artistic skills into the practical work of writing icons. In the absence of reputable schools of iconography, he gathered knowledge of various techniques and styles from a number of well-known professional iconographers, especially [[Leonid Alexandrovich Ouspensky|Leonid Ouspensky]], Maria Struve, and Elizabeth Osolin, all from Paris, France.<br />
<br />
In 1979, Andrew was [[ordination|ordained]] to the priesthood of the Orthodox Church and was assigned to a [[parish]] in New Hampshire. The Nobel-Prize&ndash;winning Russian writer, [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]], and his family became parishioners and close friends of Father Andrew and his wife, Galina. In the same year, on a trip to France, Fr. Andrew encountered the works of a genius 20th century iconographer, Monk [[Gregory (Krug)]]. This very important personal discovery was a turning point in the development of Fr. Andrew's individual iconographic style.<br />
<br />
In 1984 Fr. Andrew and Galina received a grant from the Russian Social Fund of Solzhenitsyn to make a comparative study of ecclesiastical arts in the Orthodox communities in France and England. The result of this project was a unique collection of photographic transparencies made of the iconographic works of Gregory Kroug and a number of other contemporary masters of iconography.<br />
<br />
Upon his return from Europe, Fr. Andrew began to lecture on iconography before various audiences such as church communities and universities around the United States.<br />
<br />
In 1990 Fr. Andrew wrote a book, ''The Light of Christ: Iconography of Gregory Kroug'', published by St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.<br />
<br />
Since the late 1970s, Fr. Andrew, in addition to being a parish priest, has continually worked as a professional iconographer, receiving commissions from individuals and church communities all over the United States and in Europe. His larger projects include St. Nicholas Church in Norwich, CT; Christ the Savior &ndash; Holy Spirit Church in Cincinnati, OH; All Saints of America Mission in Salisbury CT; New Skete Monastery in Cambridge, NY; St. Gregory of Nissa Church in Wappingers Falls, NY; St. George Church in Trumbull, CT; Christ the Savior in Woodbury, CT; Ss. Cyril and Methodius Church in Terryville, CT; St. John of the Ladder Church in Greenville, SC; Holy Resurrection Church in Clinton, MS; and St. Andrew's Church in Delta, CO.<br />
<br />
Father Andrew has worked in a variety of media aside from the traditional egg tempera icons. He also has done mosaic icons in ancient Byzantine style, most notably for Christ the Savior Church in Pearl River, NY. More recently he began monumental icon engraving.<br />
<br />
In 1995 he was awarded the New Hampshire Council on the Arts' Discovery Award. In his nomination, Burt Feintuch, Director of the Center of Humanities at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, wrote, "Celebrated in American church communities, passionately devoted to his art, Fr. Tregubov is not known widely in the secular world. We should 'discover' this excellent artist, recognizing and appreciating his very significant contribution to a highly valued art form..."<br />
<br />
In 1997 he was a visiting lecturer at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in Crestwood, NY.<br />
<br />
He was elected as Dean of the Northern Deanery in October 2007.<ref>[http://www.dneoca.org/files/pdf/2007AssemblyDocuments.pdf Diocese of New England 44th Diocesan Assembly. Ss. Peter & Paul Church, Meriden, CT, October 26-27, 2007 (PDF)], p. 17.</ref> He is currently the rector of Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church in Claremont, New Hampshire. <br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://www.iconmotif.com/store/?q=frandrew_tregubov Fr. Andrew Tregubov]<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*''The Light of Christ: Iconography of Father [[Gregory (Krug)|Gregory Kroug]]'' by Andrew Tregubov ISBN 0881410969<br />
:The icons in this book, reproduced by a special printing process on glossy paper, are the work of the great iconographer, Fr. Gregory Kroug. Fr. Kroug (1909-1969) was born in Russia and lived in France. A reclusive monk who lived in great poverty, he participated in the "Russian religious renaissance," which was, in part, a movement to rediscover the theological significance and artistic beauty of Russian iconography. His work reflects the pure form and content found in the golden age of Russian iconography (14th-16th centuries).<br />
<br />
*''The Incarnate God: The Feasts of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary'' by Paul Meyendorff, Andrew Tregubov, Catherine Aslanoff ISBN 0881411302<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.iconmotif.com/store/ IconMotif]: Orthodox Icons, Monuments, Embroideries, Books, Prayer-books, and Cards<br />
*[http://www.holy-trinity.org/feasts/baptist.html St. John the Baptist] by A. Tregubov<br />
*[http://holyresurrectionchurch.blogspot.com/ Holy Resurrection Orthodox Church]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Iconographers]]<br />
[[Category:Modern Writers]]<br />
[[Category:Priests]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Job_(Boretsky)_of_Kiev&diff=115708Job (Boretsky) of Kiev2013-04-29T00:53:04Z<p>Wsk: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Job (Boretsky) of Kiev''', also '''Yov (Boretsky)''', was the first Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev after the conclusion of the Union of Brest in 1595. He was [[metropolitan]] from 1620 to 1631.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Little is known of his youth. The date of Boretsky's birth and [[baptism]]al name are unknown. His family was from Bircza, Galicia. He received his early education at the Lvov Dormition Brotherhood School before continuing his studies else where. At some point Boretsky became a [[monk]] and received the name Job. In 1604 and 1605, he was the rector and a teacher at the Lvov [[Dormition]] Brotherhood School. In 1615, he became the first rector of the Kiev Epiphany Brotherhood School and served until 1618. In 1620, he took part in the establishment of the Lutsk Brotherhood of the [[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Elevation of the Cross]] School. In 1619, he was elevated to [[hegumen]] of the St. Michael's Gold Dome [[Monastery]] in Kiev.<br />
<br />
In August 1620, Job was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Metropolitan of Kiev by Patriarch [[Theophanes III of Jerusalem]] as he passed through Kiev on his return to Jerusalem from a visit to Moscow. Job's consecration, in addition to other [[bishop]]s, restored the Orthodox hierarchy in the area that was occupied by bishops of the Unia after the [[Union of Brest]] in 1596 at which Metr. Michael (Ragoza), the previous metropolitan of Kiev, supported the union.<br />
<br />
Metr. Boretsky was a prolific translator and writer. He composed poems honoring [[saint]]s. He also wrote petitions and edicts, and coauthored ''Apolleia Apolofii'' (A Refutation of 'A Defense', 1628). A tract, ''Perestoroha'' (Пересторога; A Warning)[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CE%5CPerestorohaIT.htm], has also been attributed to him. In the defense of the Orthodox hierarchy, Metr. Boretsky composed a petition entitled ''Protestacia''.<br />
<br />
During the bitter dispute over the Unia, Metr. Boretsky had favored a general reconciliation, along with the Uniate Metr. Joseph Rutsky, but he could not get the support of the Cossacks for his approach. <br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=Michael (Rogoza)|<br />
title=[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev|Metropolitan of Kiev and Gallich]]|<br />
years= 1620-1631|<br />
after=Isaiah (Kopynsky)}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/O/BoretskyYov.htm Boretsky, Yov]<br />
*[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/O/BoretskyYov.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine - BoretskyYov]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/eemw_03/eemw_03_00594.html Kiev]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Kiev]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Saint_Catherine_Institute_for_Orthodox_Christian_Studies&diff=115707Saint Catherine Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies2013-04-28T22:59:26Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Saint Catherine Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies''' is a pan-Orthodox educational organization in the Chicago, Illinois area of the United Staes. <br />
<br />
==Goals==<br />
The Institute aims to provide a forum for the study and research of Orthodox thought and practice as well as to promote Orthodox scholarship in fields of academic interest and with respect to issues of our time. <br />
<br />
Through its work, this pan-Orthodox Institute aims to be a witness to Orthodox Christianity by advancing appreciation and awareness of Orthodox scholarship. <br />
<br />
The Institute is working to realize these goals through a variety of programs, which include: <br />
* regular meetings with academic and research presentations for Institute members; <br />
* an Internet forum for communication among members; <br />
* public lectures, workshops, and symposia in the greater Chicago area; and<br />
* classes that complement existing [[parish]] adult education programs. <br />
<br />
In the future, the Institute hopes to sponsor a biennial scholarly conference and establish an online journal.<br />
<br />
==Membership==<br />
The Institute is an independent organization whose membership is open to all Orthodox Christians with an advanced academic degree or with advanced training and background so as to actively contribute to the programs and goals of the Institute. The Institute also welcomes the participation of non-Orthodox scholars who can so contribute to the Institute. <br />
<br />
The Institute serves, conducts activity within, and draws its members from the greater Chicago Metropolitan Area, Illinois, southern Wisconsin, and northern Indiana. <br />
<br />
There are three classes of membership within the Institute: Regular, Student, and Affiliate.<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Our website''' ==<br />
On our [http://www.saintcatherineinstitute.org/ website], you will find a list of Forthcoming Orthodox events in the Chicago area, <br />
a list of all local Orthodox [[parish]]es,<br />
a speakers bureau listing our members available to give conferences, retreats, workshops, etc, on a variety of Orthodox topics,<br />
the last meeting minutes,<br />
and much more.<br />
Please visit us at www.saintcatherineinstitute.org <br />
<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.saintcatherineinstitute.org/ Official site]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Educational Institutions]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Sinai&diff=115706Church of Sinai2013-04-28T22:49:26Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Church of Sinai''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Greek Orthodox Christian Church whose territory consists of [[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|St. Catherine's Monastery]] (which is located on the Sinai peninsula at the foot of [[Mount Sinai]] in Egypt), along with several dependencies. The church is headed by an [[archbishop]] who is traditionally [[consecration|consecrated]] by the [[Patriarch of Jerusalem]] and also serves as [[abbot]] for the monastery. The current hierarch is His Beatitude, Archbishop Damian.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Church of Sinai owes its existence to the Monastery of the Transfiguration (better known as [[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|St Catherine's Monastery]]). The monastery's origins are traced back to the Chapel of the [[Burning Bush]] that [[Constantine the Great|Emperor Constantine I]]'s mother, Helen, had built over the site where [[Moses]] is supposed to have seen the burning bush. Between 527 and 565, Emperor Justinian I ordered the monastery built to enclose the chapel. The monastery became associated with St. [[Catherine of Alexandria]] through the belief that her [[relics]] were miraculously transported there.<br />
<br />
==Locations of interest==<br />
*[http://www.egeriaproject.net/pigr_mon.aspx The Chapel of Our Lady of the Oikonomos, Sinai, Egypt]<br />
* Monastery of the Temptation, Palestinian National Authority<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://www.oca.org/OCworldsinai.asp?SID=2 Contact information]<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=29&IndexView=toc "The Orthodox Church of Mount Sinai"] in ''The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey'' (2008) by Ronald Roberson, on the CNEWA website.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Sinai]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Sinaiului]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Cyril_(Markov)_of_Bulgaria&diff=115705Cyril (Markov) of Bulgaria2013-04-28T22:04:11Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>His Holiness '''Cyril (Markov)''', [[Patriarch]] of Bulgaria, was the [[primate]] of the [[Church of Bulgaria]] from 1953 until 1971. He was the first Patriarch after the restoration of the [[Church of Bulgaria|Bulgarian Patriarchate]] in 1953. <br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Constantine Markov, (Bulgarian: Константин Марков), was born on [[January 3]], 1901 in Sofia, Bulgaria. Entering a theological career in the Orthodox Christian Church, Constantine received the name Cyril as he was [[tonsure]]d into a [[monasticism|monastic]] life on [[December 30]], 1923 at St. Nedelya Church in Sofia. <br />
<br />
He advanced through the [[Holy Orders]] and was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] the [[Metropolitan]] of Plovdiv in 1938. During World War II., Metr. Cyril participated in the Bulgarian popular resistance to the Holocaust. In 1943, he confronted the captors of Bulgarian Jews slated to be deported. While he initially pledged to join in solidarity with the deportees, Metr. Cyril then told the guards he would block the train with his own body. After which the guards reply that they have just received new orders to release the Jews. This episode was recounted in the oratorio "A Melancholy Beauty," composed by Georgi Andreev with libretto by [[Scott Cairns]] and Aryeh Finklestein, that was first performed in June 2011 in Washington, D.C. <br />
<br />
In 1945, after many decades of negotiations, Patriarch of Constantinople recognized the restoration of [[autocephaly]] of the Church of Bulgaria whose last patriarch was Patriarch [[Evtimiy of Tamovo|Evtimiy]] in the late fourteenth century. On [[May 10]], 1953, Metr. Cyril was elected Patriarch of Bulgaria. <br />
<br />
Patr. Cyril reposed on [[March 7]], 1971 and was buried in the main church of the [[Assumption of the Virgin Monastery (Bachkovo, Bulgaria)|Bachkovo Monastery]] in south central Bulgaria. <br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Plovdiv|<br />
years=1938 - 1953|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=[[Evtimiy of Tamovo|Evtimiy]]|<br />
title=Patriarch of Bulgaria|<br />
years=1953 - 1971|<br />
after=[[Maxim (Minkov) of Bulgaria|Maxim (Minkov)]]}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Cyril_of_Bulgaria]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Plovdiv]]<br />
[[Category:Patriarchs of Bulgaria]]<br />
<br />
[[ro:Chiril (Markov) al Bulgariei]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Monk&diff=115704Monk2013-04-28T22:01:00Z<p>Wsk: links</p>
<hr />
<div>A '''monk''' or '''nun''' is one who has taken the vows and received the [[tonsure]] of [[monasticism]]. In the Eastern churches, unlike in the West, there were never developed separate orders. Rather, each [[monastery]] developed its own rhythm and order with certain commonalities among all Orthodox monasteries.<br />
<br />
There are various ranks of monks and nuns, varying according to the tradition of the region. Generally speaking, there are two broad categories of monastic traditions, the Russian (Slavic) and the Greek (Byzantine).<br />
<br />
==Levels==<br />
Generally, it can be said that there are four levels with regards to monks; although even what these levels mean can vary from place to place.<br />
# [[Novice]]<br />
# [[Monastic Ranks|Rassophore Monk]] (lit. 'Cassock-bearing Monk')<br />
# [[Monastic Ranks|Stavrophore Monk]] (lit. 'Cross-bearing Monk')<br />
# [[Schemamonk]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Monastic Ranks]]<br />
<br />
{{incomplete}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Monastics]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=St._Elizabeth_the_New_Martyr_Convent_(Mohawk,_New_York)&diff=115703St. Elizabeth the New Martyr Convent (Mohawk, New York)2013-04-28T21:58:49Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{monastery|<br />
name=Saint Elizabeth Skete|<br />
jurisdiction=[[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|ROCOR]]|<br />
type=Female Monastery|<br />
founded=1987|<br />
superior= Abbess Elisabeth (Czwikla)|<br />
size=6 monastics|<br />
hq=Mohawk, New York|<br />
language=Slavonic, English|<br />
music=[[Russian Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
feasts=[[Elizabeth the New Martyr#Glorification|New Martyrs Grand Duchess Elizabeth and Nun Barbara]]|<br />
website=[http://www.saintelizabethskete.org Official Website]<br />
}}<br />
'''Saint Elizabeth Skete''' is a female [[monastic]] community in the [[jurisdiction]] of [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]], located in Mohawk, New York. It is located adjacent to [[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Monastery]] in Jordanville. It is named in honor of St. [[Elizabeth the New Martyr]].<br />
{{orthodoxyinamerica}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1984, the widowed professor Natalia Sergeevna Markov was invited by [[Archbishop]] [[Laurus (Škurla) of New York|Laurus (Škurla) of Syracuse and Holy Trinity]] to teach Russian language and history at [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary]] in Jordanville, New York. After many talks with her father-in-law, [[Protopresbyter]] [[Michael Pomazansky]], she decided to enter the monastic life. Abp. Laurus gave for her disposal a small house down the road from the monastery, and invited a young woman by the name of Maria Czwikla to join her. On the eve of the [[Feast]] of St. [[Nicholas of Myra]], 1984, both women were made [[novice|novices]].<br />
<br />
Two years later, Abp. Laurus tonsured them [[Monastic Ranks|rassaphore]] nuns gave them a larger house next door to use as a dormitory. Nun Natalia decided to name the community after the [[New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia|Russian New Martyr]] Grand Duchess Elizabeth, and the sisters' spiritual father, [[Archimandrite]] [[Luke (Murianka)]], painted an icon of her for them. A chapel was built on the second floor for daily prayer services, and blessed by Abp. Laurus to have the [[Divine Liturgy]] served occasionally. On the eve of the Feast of the [[Kursk Root Icon]] in 1993, Nun Natalia was tonsured into the [[Monastic Ranks|Little Schema]] and given the name Ioanna in memory of the resposed Abp. [[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John of San Fransisco]].<br />
<br />
The first Divine Liturgy was served in the chapel on the Feast of St. Elizabeth in 1993. In April of 2010, the community was finally granted the status of [[skete]] by the Synod of Bishops. Mother Ioanna fell asleep in the Lord on the Feast of [[Theophany]] in 2011, after [[Matins]] for the [[Synaxis of the Baptist]]. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the skete was celebrated with a Divine Liturgy officiated by Archbishop [[Gabriel (Chemodakov) of Montreal]] on the Feast of St. Elizabeth, during which Nun Elisabeth was elevated to abbess.<br />
<br />
The skete now occupies four buildings on its property and is remodeling the chapel. On [[December 14]], 2012, the expanded chapel was blessed and on the Feast of St. Nicholas five days later, Archimandrite Luke with Archpriest Vladimir Tsurikov served the first Divine Liturgy there.<br />
<br />
==Iconography==<br />
St. Elizabeth Skete has a small studio with two iconographers: Nun Theodora (Livchitz) and Nun Sophronia (Hofstead). Icons are painted the traditional way with egg tempera on wooden boards.<br />
<br />
==Store==<br />
St. Elizabeth Skete runs a small store, in which it sells incense, beeswax candles, herbal tea, skin cream, face cream, lip balm, solid perfume, and herbal salts. All produces are hand-made by the sisters.<br />
<br />
==Daily Life==<br />
*5:00 am - [[Midnight Office]]<br />
*6:00 am - Divine Liturgy (at Holy Trinity Monastery unless otherwise stated)<br />
*12:00 pm - Lunch<br />
*6:00 pm - [[Vespers]] and [[Compline]]<br />
**[[Akathist]] to St. Nicholas on Wednesdays after Vespers<br />
**Akathist to the [[Mother of God]] on Fridays after Vespers and Compline<br />
**Akathist to the New Martyr Elizabeth on Sundays after Vespers<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.saintelizabethskete.org/nun_ioanna_pomazansky.html Nun Ioanna Pomazansky]<br />
*[http://www.saintelizabethskete.org/history.html St. Elizabeth Skete: Our History]<br />
*[http://saintelizabethskete.org/schedule.html St. Elizabeth Skete Schedule]<br />
*[http://jordanville.org/schedule.html Holy Trinity Monastery Schedule of Divine Services and Meals]<br />
*[http://jordanville.org/news_120729_1.html 25th Anniversary at St. Elizabeth Skete in Jordanville, NY] ''Holy Trinity Monastery'', News & Events.<br />
*[http://www.eadiocese.org/News/2012/sept/steliz.en.htm Jordanville, NY: St. Elizabeth Skete has undertaken a remodeling project] ''Media Office of the Eastern American Diocese'', September 13, 2012.<br />
*[http://www.eadiocese.org/News/2012/aug/steliz.en.htm Jordanville: Archbishop Gabriel of Montreal led the 25th Anniversary Celebrations in St. Elizabeth Skete] ''Media Office of the Eastern American Diocese'', August 15, 2012.<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[http://saintelizabethskete.org Official Site]<br />
*[http://eadiocese.org/Parishes/newyork/en.jordanvilleconvent.htm Eastern American Diocese Directory Listing]<br />
<br />
[[Category:ROCOR Monasteries]]<br />
[[Category:American Monasteries]]<br />
[[Category:Monasteries]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Xenia_of_St._Petersburg&diff=115702Xenia of St. Petersburg2013-04-28T21:51:31Z<p>Wsk: grammar</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Xenia of St Petersburg.jpg|frame|right|Xenia of St. Petersburg]]<br />
Our venerable Mother, the Blessed '''Xenia of St. Petersburg''', (Russian: Святая блаженная Ксения Петербургская [Xenia Grigoryevna Petrova]) is an 18th century Russian [[fool-for-Christ]]. In grief over the death of her husband, she distributed all her possessions and took up a life as a holy fool. Her life was centered on God, and she sought protection and comfort only in Him while wandering among the poor of St. Petersburg. She is commemorated on [[January 24]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Little is known of her early life. Neither the dates of her birth nor of her death are known. Her birth is believed to have been about 1731 and her death about 1803. <br />
<br />
The wife of Colonel Andrei Feodorovich Petrov, who served as a court chorister, Xenia fell into great grief upon the death of her husband when she was 26 years old. Appearing to have lost her mind from her grief, Xenia distributed her possessions to the poor, and keeping and dressing only in the clothes of her husband she wandered the streets of St Petersburg among the paupers. She called herself by her husband’s name: Andrei Feodorovich. Her life was centered on God, seeking protection and comfort only in Him. During the nights, she refused refuge and went into the fields where she prayed through the nights.<br />
<br />
When relatives of Xenia tried to help her with necessities she replied , “I do not need anything.” The people of St. Petersburg came to love her as she placed the Kingdom of Heaven before earthly possessions. The people considered her presence in their homes as good signs. Her acceptance of services and bread from merchants, however small, brought them great sales as their customers, who loved the saintly Xenia, frequented those who helped her.<br />
<br />
Xenia possessed the gift of clairvoyance. She foretold the deaths of the Empress Elizabeth, in 1761, and of the imprisoned John IV Antonovich, the great-great-grandson of Tsar Alexis, in 1764. After her death her grave became a place of [[pilgrimage]]. Portions of the dirt from her grave brought healing for many of the pilgrims.<br />
<br />
==Epitaph==<br />
The only record of "vital statistics" that has been left to us concerning Blessed Xenia is the epitaph on her gravestone: <br />
<br />
:''In the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.<br />
:''Here rests the body of the servant of God, Xenia Grigorievna,<br />
:''Wife of the imperial chorister, Colonel Andrei Theodorovich Petrov.<br />
:''Widowed at the age of 26, a [[pilgrim]] for 45 years,<br />
:''She lived a total of 71 years.<br />
:''She was known by the name Andrei Theodorovich.<br />
:''May whoever knew me pray for my soul that his own may be saved. Amen.<br />
<br />
== [[Hymn]]s ==<br />
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)<br />
:Having renounced the vanity of the earthly world,<br />
:Thou didst take up the cross of a homeless life of wandering;<br />
:Thou didst not fear grief, privation, nor the mockery of men,<br />
:And didst know the love of Christ.<br />
:Now taking sweet delight of this love in heaven,<br />
:O Xenia, the blessed and divinely wise, <br />
: Pray for the salvation of our souls.<br />
<br />
Troparion (Tone 8)<br />
<br />
:In you, O mother was carefully preserved what is according to the image.<br />
:For you took up the Cross and followed Christ.<br />
:By so doing, you taught us to disregard the flesh for it passes away,<br />
:But to care instead for the soul since it is immortal.<br />
:Therefore, O Blessed Xenia, your spirit rejoices with the Angels.<br />
<br />
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 7)<br />
<br />
:Having loved the poverty of Christ,<br />
:You are now being satisfied at the Immortal Banquet.<br />
:By the humility of the Cross, you received the power of God.<br />
:Having acquired the gift of miraculous help, O Blessed Xenia,<br />
:Beseech Christ God, that by repentance<br />
:We may be delivered from every evil thing.<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
*[http://www.stxenia.ca/en/stxenia.html Life of Blessed St. Xenia of Petersburg]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenia_of_Saint_Petersburg Wikipedia: Xenia of St. Petersburg]<br />
*From the ''Life'' published by Holy Trinity Monastery<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=402 Xenia of St. Petersburg, Fool-for-Christ] ([[GOARCH]])<br />
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100297 Blessed Xenia of St Petersburg] ([[OCA]])<br />
*[http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804009453 Encyclopedia of St Petersburg: Xenia the Blessed]<br />
*[http://www.serfes.org/lives/stxeniaofpetersburg.htm Life of St. Blessed Xenia of Petersburg]<br />
*[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/saints/xenia_petersburg.htm Blessed Xenia of St. Petersburg]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fools-for-Christ]]<br />
[[Category:Saints]]<br />
[[Category:Russian Saints]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Anthony_II_(Kauleas)_of_Constantinople&diff=115701Anthony II (Kauleas) of Constantinople2013-04-28T21:29:15Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Anthony II Kauleas''' (Greek: Αντώνιος Β΄ Καυλέας) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 893 to 901. His [[feast day]] is [[February 12]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Antony was born in 829 near Constantinople into a noble family that had moved to the countryside near Constantinople from Phrygia to escape the persecution of the Iconoclasts. Anthony became a [[monk]] at a [[monastery]] in Constantinople when he was 12 years old. He, later, entered the [[Holy Orders]] and eventually became the [[abbot]] of the monastery. After the restoration of Patr. Ignastius in 867, Antony contributed to the reconciliation between the supporters of Patrs. [[Photius the Great|Photius I]] and [[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius]], both of whom were pursuing the same policies. He came to the attention of Stylianos Zaoutzes, the powerful minister of Eastern Roman Emperor [[Leo VI]] the Wise, who had ascended to the throne in 886. Anthony supported Leo against Patr. Photius when Leo replaced Photius with younger Leo's brother [[Stephen I of Constantinople|Stephen I]]. Upon the death of Patr. Stephen I, Anthony was appointed by Leo as [[patriarch]] of Constantinople in 893. <br />
<br />
Patr. Anthony II was a pious man who generously endowed [[monasticism|monastic]] foundations and founded or re-founded the Kaulea monastery with the support of the emperor. <br />
<br />
Patr. Anthony reposed in peace on February 12, 901 in Constantinople and was buried in the [[church]] of his monastery. He was glorified a saint.<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
* ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, 1991.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession| <br />
before=[[Stephen I of Constantinople]]| <br />
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]| <br />
years=893&ndash;901| <br />
after=[[Nicholas I Mystikus of Constantinople|Nicholas I Mysticus]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Antony_II_of_Constantinople]]<br />
*[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0212.shtml Antony Kauleas]<br />
*[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintafa.htm Saint Anthony Kauleas]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category:9th-10th-century bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Patriarchs of Constantinople]]<br />
[[Category:10th-century saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_St._Prince_Vladimir_Equal_to_the_Apostles_(St._Petersburg)&diff=115696Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles (St. Petersburg)2013-04-28T01:21:03Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:PrinceVladimirChurchStPeterbg.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles (St. Petersburg), Russia]]<br />
The '''Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles''', (Russian: собор Святого равноапостольного князя Владимира), more commonly known as '''The Prince Vladimir Cathedral''', (Russian: Князь-Владимирский Собор), is the culmination of a series church structures built on the same site in St. Petersburg, Russia during the eighteenth century. The cathedral which is located in the Petrogradsky District of St. Petersburg was completed in 1789.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1708, a wooden church, dedicated to [[Nicholas of Myra|St. Nicholas]], was built on the present site of the Prince Vladimir Church, an area that is often flooded when the Neva River overflows its banks. This building was soon replaced by a structure of varying descriptions, "stone" and "daub and wattle", in 1719, dedicated to the Dormition (Assumption) of the [[Theotokos]] while a stone cathedral was planned under orders of Empress Anna Ioannovna. In the meantime, in 1740, construction of a stone church, designed by Pietro Trezzini, began next to the Church of the Assumption under an order of Empress Anna of Russia. This church, however, was left incomplete, with the bulk of the work on the construction of the church left in the rough, when Empress Elizabeth of Russia came to the throne in 1742.<br />
<br />
The project was renewed after the ascension of Empress Elizabeth to the throne of Russia with construction now under the supervision by the architect Antonio Rinaldi in 1765/1766. Under the original plan to name the new Cathedral after the Dormition of the Mother of God, Rinaldi was instructed to follow the design of the Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin. However, a major fire on [[March 12]], 1772 severely damaged the the half-completed building and it was eleven years before work resumed on its construction. The church was finally completed in 1789 to the Neoclassical designs of Ivan Egorovich Starov. <br />
<br />
As the completion of the cathedral coincided with the unification of Russia and the Crimean Khanate, the event probably led to the dedication of the Cathedral to St. [[Vladimir of Kiev|Vladimir Equal-to-the-Apostles]], the Kievan Prince who brought Christianity to Russia in 988 AD.<br />
<br />
During the Soviet years the Cathedral of Prince Vladimir survived with little alteration although much of the interior decoration was removed after the Revolution. The cathedral was closed formally only in 1926 and 1927. Otherwise, the cathedral continued to function, even through the worst years of the Siege of Leningrad. From 1938 to 1941, the Cathedral of Prince Vladimir served as the seat of the Eparchy of the city. The building became a sanctuary for some of the most important religious treasures of St. Petersburg, including the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God from 1941 to 2001 when it was returned to the [[Kazan Cathedral (St. Petersburg)|Kazan Cathedral]]. <br />
<br />
==Architectural style==<br />
The style of the cathedral features a transition from baroque to classicism, such as use of arched gables. The building is 57 meters high with five domes and a the bell tower. Its interior is simple, without wall paintings with only four images of the four [[Evangelist]]s and copies of paintings by Raphael. The [[iconostasis]] is made of carved wood in the "Empire" style.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Prince_Vladimir_Church]]<br />
*[http://www.saint-petersburg.com/cathedrals/prince-vladimir-cathedral.asp Prince Vladimir Cathedral]<br />
*[http://www.about-resorts.com/tur/ru/spb/princevladimircathedral St. Vladimir's Cathedral]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Churches]]<br />
[[Category: Churches in Russia]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Cathedral_of_St._Prince_Vladimir_Equal_to_the_Apostles_(St._Petersburg)&diff=115695Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles (St. Petersburg)2013-04-28T01:19:42Z<p>Wsk: new article</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:PrinceVladimirChurchStPeterbg.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles (St. Petersburg), Russia]]<br />
The '''Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir Equal to the Apostles''', (Russian: собор Святого равноапостольного князя Владимира), more commonly known as '''The Prince Vladimir Cathedral''', (Russian: Князь-Владимирский Собор), is the culmination of a series church structures built on the same site in St. Petersburg, Russia during the eighteenth century. The cathedral which is located in the Petrogradsky District of St. Petersburg was completed in 1789.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1708, a wooden church, dedicated to [[Nicholas of Myra|St. Nicholas]], was built on the present site of the Prince Vladimir Church, an area that is often flooded when the Neva River overflows its banks. This building was soon replaced by a structure of varying descriptions, "stone" and "daub and wattle", in 1719, dedicated to the Dormition (Assumption) of the [[Theotokos]] while a stone cathedral was planned under orders of Empress Anna Ioannovna. In the meantime, in 1740, construction of a stone church, designed by Pietro Trezzini, began next to the Church of the Assumption under an order of Empress Anna of Russia. This church, however, was left incomplete, with the bulk of the work on the construction of the church left in the rough, when Empress Elizabeth of Russia came to the throne in 1742.<br />
<br />
The project was renewed after the ascension of Empress Elizabeth to the throne of Russia with construction now under the supervision by the architect Antonio Rinaldi in 1765/1766. Under the original plan to name the new Cathedral after the Dormition of the Mother of God, Rinaldi was instructed to follow the design of the Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin. However, a major fire on [[March 12]], 1772 severely damaged the the half-completed building and it was eleven years before work resumed on its construction. The church was finally completed in 1789 to the Neoclassical designs of Ivan Egorovich Starov. <br />
<br />
As the completion of the cathedral coincided with the unification of Russia and the Crimean Khanate, the event probably led to the dedication of the Cathedral to St. [[Vladimir of Kiev|Vladimir Equal-to-the-Apostles]], the Kievan Prince who brought Christianity to Russia in 988 AD.<br />
<br />
During the Soviet years the Cathedral of Prince Vladimir survived with little alteration although much of the interior decoration was removed after the Revolution. The cathedral was closed formally only in 1926 and 1927. Otherwise, the cathedral continued to function, even through the worst years of the Siege of Leningrad. From 1938 to 1941, the Cathedral of Prince Vladimir served as the seat of the Eparchy of the city. The building became a sanctuary for some of the most important religious treasures of St. Petersburg, including the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God from 1941 to 2001 when it was returned to the [[Kazan Cathedral (St. Petersburg)|Kazan Cathedral]]. <br />
<br />
==Architectural style==<br />
The style of the cathedral features a transition from baroque to classicism, such as use of arched gables. The building is 57 meters high with five domes and a the bell tower. Its interior is simple, without wall paintings with only four images of the four [[Evangelists]] and copies of paintings by Raphael. The [[iconostasis]] is made of carved wood in the "Empire" style.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[Wikipedia: Prince_Vladimir_Church]]<br />
*[http://www.saint-petersburg.com/cathedrals/prince-vladimir-cathedral.asp Prince Vladimir Cathedral]<br />
*[http://www.about-resorts.com/tur/ru/spb/princevladimircathedral St. Vladimir's Cathedral]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Churches]]<br />
[[Category: Churches in Russia]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Paisius_II_of_Caesarea&diff=115693Paisius II of Caesarea2013-04-26T20:39:13Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Paisius II of Caesarea''' was an Orthodox hierarch under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] who served as the Metropolitan of [[Diocese of Caesarea (Kaisareia)|Caesarea in Cappadocia]] from 1832 to 1871. He was one of the most notable hierarchs of Cappadocia during the nineteenth century.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Peter Kepoglou was born to Anastasius and Barbara Kepoglou in Pharasa, a mountain village in Cappadocia. His year of birth is uncertain, being noted as either 1777 or 1780. His father was a [[priest]], and his mother a daughter of a priest. Peter was, using today's expression, "home schooled" by his father, in his letters and divine studies. Thus, raised in a strongly clerical environment, in 1796, Peter, with his capacity and ethos for intensive study, attracted the attention of the Christian Hajji Aslan, from Alexandretta, who had established a school in Caesarea and persuaded his father to let him join the school. Under his new teacher, Peter, in two years, caught up in his knowledge with students who were two years older. <br />
<br />
In 1799, while he was in Constantinople raising funds for the school, Peter was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Paisius. After he returned to Caesarea and graduated from school, Paisius made a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Mount Athos]]. After his return to Caesarea he was appointed a teacher in Kermira where he taught until 1804.<br />
<br />
A year later he was invited to assume the position of [[abbot]] of the renovated Monastery of St. John the Baptist in Zintzintere. When the Bishop of Caesarea Philotheus visited the Monastery of Konyahad on his way to Constantinople he [[ordination|ordained]] Paisius a [[deacon]] and the next day a [[hieromonk]].<br />
<br />
With the full burden of care of the monastery and school on his shoulders, Paisius moved to improve the quality of the teaching staff by inviting well educated teachers from Kydonies (Ayvalik), whom he had met during his trip to Mount Athos. He also took personal responsibility for the operation of the school, including training of the teachers. Then, during the middle of the first decade of the nineteenth century Father Paisius was confronted with a large fine by the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] government as a result of an investigation concerning some practices on-going in the re-furbished monastery. Fr. Paisius traveled to Constantinople to mediate with the Ottoman authorities. His efforts were successful. Additionally, he won the favor of the Ecumenical Patriarch and the [[Holy Synod]] and was allowed to remain in Constantinople for the next year preaching in the churches of the capital.<br />
<br />
In 1808, Fr. Paisius returned to the monastery of St. John the Baptist, having received permission from the Patriarchate to collect two piastres annually from every Christian house in the [[Ecclesiastical Province|ecclesiastical province]] of Caesarea for four years to pay the debts of the monastery. As these funds were not adequate to meet the debt of the monastery, Fr. Paisius secured the release of relevant patriarchal letters that allowed him to conduct a tour in 1810 to all provinces of Asia Minor to obtain financial support for the Monastery. During the middle of his tour, possibly in 1812, he was called by the Holy Synod in Constantinople and elected to the [[see]] of Caesarea as [[metropolitan]]. Paisius, however, with great humility rejected the proposal and insisted on retaining his position as the abbot. Again he renewed the patriarchal and synodal letters granting him permission to collect funds for the monastery and continued touring the provinces of Asia Minor until 1814. <br />
<br />
The outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 created a political turmoil that resulted in both the monks of the Monastery of St. John the Baptist and the teachers and students of the coenobitic school to leave temporarily. In 1829, Paisius was able to obtain a Sigillion (patriarchal letter) from Patriarch Agathagelus that confirmed a Sigillion previously issued under Patr. Theodosius that had established a number of administrative provisions that strengthen the economic and social status of the monastery. These included: a) the abbot of the monastery would be elected solely by their fathers (monks) of the monastery, b) the lenders or contributors to the monastery would not have the right to demand early repayment of the loans, c) the priests of the nearby villages will have the right to hire teachers from the monastery without needing the permission of the abbot, and d) the heirs of deceased monks, who had entered the monastery, would not have the right to claim their property.<br />
<br />
After the resignation of Metr. Gerasimus in March 1832, Fr. Paisius was elected Metropolitan of Caesarea. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Metropolitan of Caesarea by Metr. Nikiforos of Derka in the [[Patriarchal Church of Saint George (Phanar)|patriarchal church of St. George]] in Constantinople. With his ascension to the [[see]] of the metropolis of Caesarea Metr. Paisius paid 56,000 piastres that became part of the diocesan debt to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. In 1833, he returned to his see and, along with Bishops Anthimus of Iconium and Nicopolis and Christopher of Nazianzus, [[ordination|ordained]] the monk Nektarios of the Monastery of St. John the Baptist. Also in 1833, the Patriarchate issued a decree establishing the monastery as the see of the [[Diocese of Caesarea (Kaisareia)|Metropolis of Caesarea]] and residence of the metropolitan also with the duty of overseeing the operation of the school.<br />
<br />
In 1835, a devastating earthquake occurred in the area of Caesarea that damaged the monastery church. Metr. Paisius succeeded in obtaining an imperial decree for the repair of the church and the building of a new church dedicated to St. Charalambos. Metr. Paisius also established a program of establishing schools and churches in the diocese to counter the proselytizing by missionaries, mainly Protestant, that had appeared in Cappadocia. For this propose he made frequent tours in the province establishing schools and churches. He directed the Orthodox teachers and educated priests to preach the Word of God every Sunday in the vernacular language of the people (as most of them used Koine Greek and were also Turkish speaking) until it would become possible to expand the use of the Modern Greek language.<br />
<br />
Among the problems that confronted Metr. Paisius was the lack of response by the local Ottoman authorities to requests for permission to repair ecclesiastical property, permission that could not be denied because Ottoman government regulations allowed repair all religious establishments. When he was elected bishop of Caesarea he found the property of the metropolis in very poor condition, almost ramshackle. When he asked the local authorities for permission to repair the building, the latter, not being able to deny permission pretended that the Metropolitan challenged its granting. Since this led to an impasse, Metr. Paisius wrote to the influential Stephen Chatmano Vogoridis in the Ottoman capital and the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Vogoridis succeeded in obtaining an imperial decree that protected the rights of metropolitans and specified the powers of local authorities. Under the new decree, the authorities of Caesarea changed attitudes toward Paisius, relented and gave him permission to repair the church facilities. The settlement of this issue led to many others, including an imperial decree that specified creditors of the Diocese of Caesarea could not ask for repayment of the full amount of loans until ten years had passed. This allowed time for the diocese to repay to debts gradually.<br />
<br />
Metr. Paisius established close relations with many senior and influential members of Ottoman politics. These included Alexander Phanariot Fotiadis, Stephen Chatmano Vogoridis and his in-laws, who had unsuccessfully tried to establish him as patriarch in 1835 during the election of Patr. Gregory VI. As a member of the [[Holy Synod]], Metr. Paisius contributed significantly to the establishment in 1844 of the [[Theological School of Halki]]. <br />
<br />
In 1852, after the consecration of his [[chancellor]] Gerasimus as Bishop of Nazianzus, Metr. Paisius journeyed to Constantinople, where he participated to the resolution of the conflict between Greek Orthodox and Armenian Gregorians over the cemeteries of Sebastia and Caesarea. In 1854, he returned to his diocese, to take part in raising the level of studies in the communal school of the Monastery of St. John the Baptist for which he invited as teachers Ioannis Symeonidis, Christos Symeonidis, Ioannis Anastasiadis, Anastasios Levidis, and Abraham Eliades.<br />
<br />
In 1862, Metr. Paisius was invited to Constantinople as a member of the Holy Synod. On his return to Caesarea in 1863, Metr. Paisius decided to retire to the Monastery of St. John the Baptist, leaving the administration of the diocese in the hands of his [[vicar]] Bishop Gerasimus of Nazianzus, although Patriarch [[Sophronius IV of Alexandria|Sophronius III]] convinced Metr. Paisius to reside again in Caesarea, recognizing his already fragile health.<br />
<br />
Metr. Paisius died on [[January 30]], 1871 and was buried the next day in the vestibule of the Monastery of St. John the Baptist. Metr. Paisius had been [[abbot]] of the monastery of St. John the Baptist for 28 years and metropolitan of Caesarea for another 39 years. <br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession |<br />
before=Gerasimus|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Caesarea|<br />
years=1832&mdash;1871|<br />
after=[[Eustathius of Caesarea| Eustathius]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fDataDisplay.aspx?Mode=Lemmata&paramid=54&lastNode=t54 Paisios II of Caesarea]<br />
*[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemma.aspx?lemmaid=5679&contlang=57 Paisios II Caesarea]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Caesarea (Cappadocia)]]<br />
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Sergius_(Korolyov)_of_Kazan&diff=115692Sergius (Korolyov) of Kazan2013-04-26T20:35:39Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Sergius II (Korolev) of Kazan''' was a hierarch of the [[Church of Russia]] who served in Poland following World War I as [[Bishop]] of Belsk before becoming Bishop of Prague under the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]]. After World War II, Abp. Sergius returned to the Moscow Patriarchate, serving in different [[see]]s in central Europe. In 1950, he was assigned to serve as Archbishop of the [[Diocese of Kazan]] and Chistopol of the [[Church of Russia]] until his repose 1952. <br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Arkady Dimitrievich Korolev was born on [[January 18]], 1881 into a religious family in the Moscow region. He attended theological [[seminary]] at the [[Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra]] before continuing his education at the [[Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary|Moscow Theological Academy]], graduating in 1905.<br />
<br />
After entering the Yablochinsky [[Monastery]] in the Diocese of Kholm, Arkady was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] on [[June 7]], 1907 by Bishop [[Eulogius (Georgievsky) of Paris|Eulogius of Kholm]] and given the name Sergius. [[ordination|Ordained]] a hieromonk in 1908, he joined into the [[missionary]] program of the monastery, mainly among the [[Union of Brest|Uniates]] of the area. In 1914, Father Sergius was elevated to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] and appointed assistant [[abbot]] of the monastery. <br />
<br />
With the start of World War I in 1914, the monastery was evacuated as it was near the battle line between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires. After the war ended, Archim. Sergius was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in 1920 to the [[episcopate]] as Bishop of Belsk, a [[see]] that, following the peace treaties, was part of the nation of Poland. As Bp. Sergius opposed the proposed [[autocephaly]] of the Orthodox [[Church of Poland|Church in Poland]], he was arrested in 1922 and deported from Poland to Czechoslovakia where Metropolitan [[Eulogius (Georgievsky) of Paris|Eulogius]] of Western Europe under ROCOR assigned Bp. Sergius as his [[vicar]] [[Bishop]] of Prague. <br />
<br />
Bp. Sergius remained with Metr. Eulogius during the following decades as, in 1927, Eulogius split with ROCOR and recognized the Moscow Patriarchate. Bp. Sergius also remained with him when Metr. Eulogius was accepted under the canonical care of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch]] in 1930 after the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] had [[deposition|deposed]] Metr. Eulogius. In 1945, as World War II ended, Bp. Sergius joined again with Metr. Eulogius as he re-entered [[communion]] with the Moscow Patriarchate.<br />
<br />
Following the death of Metr. Eulogius in 1946, Bp. Sergius remained loyal to Moscow. On [[April 17]], 1946, he was elevated to Archbishop of Prague. Then, on [[June 7]], 1946, Abp. Sergius was appointed Archbishop of Vienna of the Western European [[Diocese]] of the Moscow Patriarchate and, in October 1946, he was named [[Exarch]] of the Patriarchate's Central European District. On [[November 16]], 1948, Abp. Sergius was appointed Archbishop of Berlin and Germany. <br />
<br />
On [[September 20]], 1950, Abp. Sergius was appointed Archbishop of Kazan and Chistopol. In Kazan, he related closely with the people. To meet more people he took different routes when he walked to the [[Cathedral]] and engaged the poor people in conversation. He joined them in their homes and, after learning of their situations, he would leave sums of money in their house. <br />
<br />
Abp. Sergius reposed in Kazan on [[December 18]], 1952.<br />
<br />
==Writings==<br />
Abp. Sergius was noted for his [[Homily|sermons]] and was a prolific writer, leaving over twenty works on various aspects of Orthodoxy.<ref>[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/spiritual_life_sergius_prague.htm "The Spiritual Life In the World" Excerpts from the sermons of Archbishop Sergius (Korolev) of Prague (1881-1952)]</ref> <br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Bishop of Belsk|<br />
years=1920 - 1922|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Bishop of Prague<br>ROCOR|<br />
years= 1922 - 1927|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Bishop of Prague<br>Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
years=1927 - 1930|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Bishop of Prague<br>Ecumenical Patriarchate|<br />
years=1930 - 1945|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title= Archbishop of Prague<br>Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
years=1945 - 1946|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Archbishop of Vienna<br>Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
years=1946 - 1948|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Archbishop of Berlin<br>Moscow Patriarchate|<br />
years=1948 - 1950|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=Justin (Maltsev)|<br />
title=[[List of bishops of the Diocese of Kazan|Archbishop of Kazan]]|<br />
years=1950 - 1953|<br />
after=[[Job (Kresovich) of Kazan|Job (Kresovich)]]}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://kazan.eparhia.ru/www/english/index.htm Historical Background of the Kazan Diocese]<br />
*[http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_was_sergei_korolev Answers: Archbishop Sergey (Arkadi Dimitrievich Korolev) of Kazan & Chistopol]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Kazan]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Belsk]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Prague]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Vienna]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Berlin]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_Church_Abroad_-_Provisional_Supreme_Church_Authority&diff=115691Russian Orthodox Church Abroad - Provisional Supreme Church Authority2013-04-26T20:18:10Z<p>Wsk: links</p>
<hr />
<div>The self-styled '''"Russian Orthodox Church Abroad - Provisional Supreme Church Authority"''' (PSCA, Русская православная церковь заграницей - Временное высшее центральное управление) is a body composed of [[parish]]es from the [[ROCOR]] who refused to enter into [[communion]] with the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]] in May of 2007. Like the ROCOR before the union, they have maintained communion with the [[Holy Synod in Resistance]] under Metropolitan Cyprian of Fili and their sister churches. The current head of the [[jurisdiction]] is Metropolitan [[Agafangel (Pashkovsky) of Odessa]]. Unlike ROCOR, they are not in communion with any canonical Orthodox Church, while even prior to reconciliation with the Moscow Patriarchate, ROCOR had maintained communion and concelebrations with the [[Church of Serbia]], and the [[Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalem Patriarchate]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
By mid-2006, a number of ROCOR parishes had made clear that they wanted no part of reconciliation between the Moscow Patriarchate and ROCOR, wishing to retain the status quo as it had been for most of ROCOR's existence. When it became clear that the reconciliation would occur after it had been approved by the [[All-Diaspora Councils#IV All-Diaspora Council|4th All-Diaspora Sobor]], various [[clergy]] began to make plans for the establishment of a rival [[Synod]]. <br />
<br />
Following the signing of [[Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate|the Act of Canonical Communion]] in Moscow, Russia, on [[May 17]], 2007, [[Bishop]] Agafangel declared that he did not accept the document and would "continue to abide by the previous Bylaws of the ROCOR, considering any actions of the Moscow Patriarchate to be unlawful." He accused the Moscow Patriarchate of "sins of Sergianism and ecumenism." On [[May 22]], 2007, Bishop Agafangel issued a statement that he and Bishop [[Daniel (Alexandrow) of Erie|Daniel of Erie]] were organizing a Provisional Supreme Church Authority for those who "have remained in the ROCOR", citing authority of [[Ukaz No. 362|Ukase No. 362]] of Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow, dated [[November 20]], 1920. While Bishop Daniel had previously expressed reservations about the Act of Canonical Communion, there is no evidence that he ever intended to break with the ROCOR Synod; rather, the elderly [[vicar]] for the care of [[Old Believers|Old-Ritualists]] continued to remain in communion with Metropolitan [[Laurus (Skurla) of New York |Laurus]]. There were claims that Bishop Daniel had been placed under a form of house arrest on some internet journals[http://elmager.livejournal.com/56905.html], but there is no evidence that this is true.<br />
<br />
Agafangel found himself alone, supported by a handful of [[clergy]] and the majority of his parishes in Ukraine, which had refused to join the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), and thus would have no part of the reconciliation.<br />
<br />
On [[May 20]], 2007, the members of the ROCOR synod, meeting in Moscow, suspended Bishop Agafangel for inciting [[schism]], disobeying lawful authority, and refusing transfer to the Buenos Aires [[cathedral]].<br />
<br />
At an emergency meeting of the ROCOR synod on [[June 28]] and [[June 29|29]], 2007, a "final letter of warning" was issued to Bishop Agafangel, calling on him to cease all schismatic activity. The synod also approved the [[suspension]] of [[Abbot]] Andronik (Kotliaroff), head of the Russian Ecclesiastic Mission in Jerusalem, and other clerics that supported Agafangel. However on [[December 7]], 2007, with the aid of [[bishop]]s from the [[Holy Synod in Resistance]], with whom ROCOR had been in communion until about a year prior to reconciliation with Moscow (though relations had been strained since, and episcopal concelabrations had essentially ceased after 1998), Agafangel carried out the [[consecration of a bishop|consecration]] of [[Abbot]] Andronik (Kotrliaroff) as Bishop of Richmond Hill and New York and [[Hieromonk]] Sofroniy (Musienko) as Bishop of Saint Petersburg and Northern Russia. These ordinations marked the final breach of the new organization with the ROCOR synod, calling itself the Provisional Supreme Church Authority.<br />
<br />
On [[September 4]], 2008, the PSCA received into its communion two bishops from the [[Russian Catacomb Movement (Sekachev faction)|Seraphimo-Gennadian (Sekachev) branch of the Russian Catacomb Church]]. There was considerable debate over the status of the two bishops received. On [[November 19]], 2008, the Provisional Supreme Church Authority called what it termed the Fifth All-Diaspora Council (in reference to the Fourth All-Diaspora Council of the [[ROCOR]] which overwhelmingly supported reconciliation with the Moscow Patriarchate). Among other decisions, the council elevated Bp. Agafangel to the rank of [[metropolitan]].<br />
<br />
==Dioceses==<br />
The current structure of the PSCA (as of the Sobor of November, 2008) is as follows:<br />
<br />
*Metropolitan Agafangel of Odessa and Tavrich, First-Hierarch of the ROCA-PSCA<br />
''(America and Europe)''<br />
* Archbishop Andronik (Kotlyarov) of Ottawa and Eastern America<br />
* Bishop Joseph (Grebinka) of Washington and Florida<br />
* Bishop Gregory (Petrenko) of Sao Paulo and the Brazilia<br />
<br />
''(Russia)''<br />
* Archbishop Sophronius (Musiyenko) of St. Petersburg and West Russia<br />
* Bishop John (Zaitsev) of Buinsk and Volzhsk<br />
* Bishop Afanasy (Savitsky) of Vologda and Veliky Ustyug<br />
* Bishop George (Kravchenko) of Bolgrad and Belgorod-Dnestrovsky<br />
* Bishop Kirill (Kravets) of Voronezh and South Russia<br />
* Bishop Dionisius (Alfyorov) of Novgorod and Tver<br />
* Bishop Irenaeus (Klipenstein) of Lyon and Western Europe<br />
* Bishop Nicholas (Modebadze) of Poti<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
* [http://www.saintjonah.org/articles/voicesofreason.htm Voices of Reason]<br />
* [http://sinod.ruschurchabroad.org Official Site]<br />
* [http://news.ruschurchabroad.org/ News Site]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old Calendarist Jurisdictions]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=The_Word_(magazine)&diff=115690The Word (magazine)2013-04-26T20:10:49Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Word''' is the official news magazine of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]]. The magazine is published every month of the year except July and August.<br />
<br />
The Word Magazine, '''Al-Khalimat''', was established in 1905 by Bishop [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] to bring in the Arabic language news of the Arab speaking Orthodox community in the [[Diocese]] of North America. As the Antiochian community, now an archdiocese, grew in the use of the English language, Metropolitan [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony Bashir]], In 1957, changed the magazine into an English language publication. <br />
<br />
The magazine primarily provides news of the Orthodox in North America while also providing [http://www.antiochian.org/thewordnews educational and inspirational articles] on the Orthodox Christian faith and practice. The magazine is a member of The Associated Press, Ecumenical News International, and the Orthodox Press Service. The editor is Bishop John Abdalah.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://www.antiochian.org/theword The Word Magazine]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Publications]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Horologion&diff=115689Horologion2013-04-26T20:06:43Z<p>Wsk: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''[[Horologion]]''' (Greek: '''῾Ωρολόγιον'''; Church Slavonic: '''Часocлoвъ''', ''Chasoslov''), or '''Book of Hours''', provides the [[Acolouthia]] of the Daily Cycle of services (Greek: ''akolouthies'', ἀκολουθίες) as used by the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches. <br />
Into this fixed framework, numerous moveable parts of the services are inserted.<br />
<br />
The Horologion is primarily a book for the use of the Reader and Cantor (as distinguished from the [[Euchologion]], which contains the texts used by the [[Priest]] and [[Deacon]]).<br />
<br />
Several varieties of Horologia exist, the most complete of which is the '''Great Horologion''' (Greek: '''῾Ωρολόγιον τò μέγα''', ''Horologion to mega''; Slavonic: '''Великий Часословъ''', ''Velikij Chasoslov''). It contains the fixed portions of the [[Daily Cycle]] of Services, ([[Vespers]], [[Compline]] (Great and Small), [[Midnight Office]], [[Matins]], the [[Hours]], the [[Inter-Hours]], [[Typika]], Prayers before Meals). The parts for the Reader and Chanters are given in full, the Priest's and Deacon's parts are abbreviated. The Great Horologion will also contain a list of [[Saints]] commemorated throughout the year (with their [[Troparion|Troparia]] and [[Kontakion|Kontakia]]), selected propers for [[Sunday]]s, and moveable [[Feast]]s (from the [[Triodion]] and [[Pentecostarion]]), and various [[Canon (hymn)|Canons]] and other devotional services. The Great Horologion is most commonly used in Greek-speaking churches.<br />
<br />
Various editions of the Horologion are usually shorter; still giving the fixed portions of the Daily Office in full, but with the other texts much more abbreviated (all of which are found in full in the other [[liturgical books]]). In addition, such texts often also contain Morning and Evening Prayers, the Order of Preparation for [[Eucharist]], and Prayers to be said after receiving Holy Communion.<br />
<br />
== Source ==<br />
*[[Wikipedia:Horologion]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/horologion.htm Horologion] For use at Reader's services (i.e., when a priest is not serving)<br />
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/formatedhorologion.htm Horologion Texts in Word Format]<br />
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/library.htm Practical Tips on how to build a Liturgical Library]<br />
*[http://www.jerusalemshots.com/Jerusalem_en63-3538.html Photo of monks reading the Divine Office] Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem<br />
<br />
[[Category:Liturgics]]<br />
[[Category:Texts]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Pachomios_of_Chios&diff=115688Pachomios of Chios2013-04-26T19:43:57Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Pachomios of Chios''' was a [[monasticism|monastic]] of the nineteenth century. He founded the Monastery of the Holy Fathers on the island of Chios. His [[feast day]] is [[October 14]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
In 1840, Panagiotis Arellas was born in the village of Elatia on the Island of Chios in the Aegean Sea. A seventeen year old young man from a farming family, he traveled to Constantinople to work. There, he became involved in an incident that resulted in his imprisonment in a Turkish prison that was virtually a death sentence, especially for a Christian. Panagiotis' deep religious faith and subsequent miraculous events in his life resulted in his gaining his freedom after which he traveled to the [[Holy Land]]. <br />
<br />
In the Holy Land, Panagiotis entered the Holy [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)|Monastery of St. Savas]] where he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Pachomios, after the great desert ascetic [[Pachomius the Great|Pachomio]]. He was twenty-two years old. He returned to Chios in 1865 and founded the Monastery of the Holy Fathers on the site of an earlier monastic community of [[asceticism|ascetics]]. <br />
<br />
Through the years, the Elder Pachomios served as an inspiration to the brethren of the [[monastery]]. Two of his [[disciple]]s would themselves followed the example of their Elder and win [[glorification]] as saints: Ss. [[Anthimus of Chios]] and [[Nectarios of Pentapolis|Nectarios of Aegina]]. <br />
<br />
The Elder Pachomios fell asleep in the Lord on October 14, 1905.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/10/spiritual-counsels-of-saint-pachomios.html Spiritual Counsels of Saint Pachomios of Chios (+1905)]<br />
*[http://www.hellenicnews.com/index.php/culture/item/368-in-search-of-roots-sts-constantine-and-helen-monastery-in-chios In Search of Roots: Sts. Constantine and Helen Monastery in Chios]<br />
*[http://www.synodinresistance.org/Theology_el/3d5035OsPaxomiosXiou.pdf Saint Pachomius of Chios] In Greek<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
*[http://www.chiosonline.gr/aghioipateres.asp The Cloister of Aghion Pateron (The Holy Fathers)]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Monastics]]<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Greek Saints]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Theophylactos_(Georgiadis)_of_Jordan&diff=115687Theophylactos (Georgiadis) of Jordan2013-04-26T19:41:46Z<p>Wsk: </p>
<hr />
<div>Metropolitan '''Theophylactos (Georgiadis) of Jordan''' is the [[bishop]] of the [[see]] of Jordan in Palestine under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Jerusalem]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Theodosios Georgiadis was born in 1951 in Haravgi at Kozani, Greece. He received his initial theological education at the Theological School of Xanthi in Thrace. He moved to Jerusalem in 1972, where he took the position of secretary of the Jerusalem Patriarchal office.<br />
<br />
On [[February 16]], 1973, Theodosios was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] with the name Theophylactos. On [[February 19]], he was [[ordination|ordained]] [[deacon]]. Having served as an assistant to the Youth Overseer, Dn. Theophylactos was appointed secretary of the Estate Council. In September 1977, he was ordained to the [[priest]]hood and was assigned as [[abbot]] of the Monastery of St. Simeon where he served until he entered the Theological Academy of Petroupolis to continue his theological education. While at the academy, he was elevated to [[archimandrite]] by Patr. [[Diodoros I (Karivalis) of Jerusalem|Diodoros]], in 1981, during his visit to the school. <br />
<br />
After he completed his studies, Archim. Theophylactos returned to Jerusalem in 1984 and served at the Monastery of Bethlehem. In 1985, he was appointed to the position of secretary of the Economic Council. Then, in 1986, he was appointed abbot of the [[Monastery of the Cross (Jerusalem)|Monastery of the Holy Cross]]. <br />
<br />
In 1989, Archim. Theophylactos was appointed Patriarchal Commissioner to Moscow, Russia. In 2001, after his return to Jerusalem he was elected a member of the [[Holy Synod]] and Elder Sacristan. He continued in the position of sacristan until 2003 before he was appointment abbot of the Monastery of St. Theodore and the officiating priest of the Patriarchal Church of Ss. Constantine and Helen.<br />
<br />
On [[November 18]], 2005, Archim. Theophylactos was elected [[Archbishop]] of Jordan, with the additional appointment as Patriarchal Commissioner to Bethlehem. Bishop-elect Theophylactos was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] on [[December 4]], 2005 at the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)|Church of the Resurrection]] in Jerusalem.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Archbishop of Jordan|<br />
years=2006-Present|<br />
after=&mdash;}}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
*[http://jerusalem-patriarchate.info/en/arx_iordanou.htm Archbishop of Jordan]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Jordan]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Stephanos_(Matakoulias)_of_Triphylia_and_Olympia&diff=115686Stephanos (Matakoulias) of Triphylia and Olympia2013-04-26T19:37:30Z<p>Wsk: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>His Eminence '''Stephanos (Matakoulias) of Triphylia and Olympia''' was a [[metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Triphylia and Olympia]] under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Greece]]. The metropolis is located in the western part of the Peloponnese. Metr. Stephanos was metropolitan of Triphylia and Olympia from 1960 to 2007.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Stephanos (Matakoulias) was born in 1915 in Athens, Greece. After completing his basic education, he continued his studies in theology. Upon his entry into the [[Holy Orders]], he was [[ordination|ordained]] deacon in 1939, receiving the name Stephanos. Dcn. Stephanos was ordained a [[priest]] in 1942. Father Stephanos was elected to the [[episcopate]] in 1960 and was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] metropolitan of the Metropolis of Triphylia and Olympia.<br />
<br />
Metr. Stephanos was noted as writer and composer of ecclesiastical hymns. He remained metropolitan of Triphylia and Olympia until his retirement in early 2007. Metr. Stephanos reposed on [[December 25]], 2007 at the age of 92.<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
before=?|<br />
title=Metropolitan of Triphylia|<br />
years= 1960 - 2007|<br />
after=[[Chrysostomos (Stavropoulos) of Triphylia|Chrysostomos (Stavropoulos)]] }}<br />
{{end box}} <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/hierarchs/greece/bios/bio_stefanos_matakoulias_metr_triphylia.htm ORI: Metropolitan Stefanos (Matakoulias) of Triphylia and Olympia]<br />
*[http://www.oki-regensburg.de/verst_07.htm Orthodoxia 2007]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Bishops]]<br />
[[Category: Bishops of Triphylia]]<br />
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]</div>Wskhttps://en.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Nikon_of_Optina&diff=115685Nikon of Optina2013-04-26T19:16:29Z<p>Wsk: link</p>
<hr />
<div>New Hiero-confessor '''Nikon (Belyaev) of Optina''' was a schemamonk among the group of [[monasticism|monastics]] of [[Optina Monastery]] in the nineteenth century who were known as the Optina Elders. The Elder Nikon is venerated on [[June 25]] and with all the Optina Elders on [[October 11]].<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Nicholas Belyaev was born on [[September 26]], 1888, the fourth of six sons of Metrophanes Nikolayevich and Vera Lavrentyevna Belyaev who were devout parents and belonged to one of Moscow's merchant families. During Nicholas' first year, the Belyaev family received a visit from St. [[John of Kronstadt]] who blessed Vera and gave her a signed photograph of himself. <br />
<br />
Nicholas and his brother John enjoyed going to [[church]] and reading the [[Holy Scripture]]s and other spiritual books. As they grew, John and Nicholas decided to embrace [[monasticism]]. To aid in their search, the brothers cut up a list of Russia's monasteries from an old book. After praying to God, Nicholas was asked to pick one of the strips from the pile. The strip he selected read, "The Optina Hermitage of the Entry of the Theotokos into the Temple, Kozelsk." Until that moment, neither of the boys had heard of this [[monastery]]. <br />
<br />
With their mother's blessing, the brothers traveled to Optina on [[February 24]], 1907 to request entry to the monastery. On [[December 9]], they were accepted into the [[skete]]. In October 1908, Nicholas was assigned as secretary to Fr. [[Barsanuphius of Optina|Barsanuphius]], the Superior of the Skete, a position, that except for reading and serving in church, became his chief monastic obedience for the rest of his life. Fr. Barsanuphius foresaw that he would become an excellent [[monk]] as well as a worthy [[disciple]]. Nicholas was devoted to the Elder and followed his will in all matters. In turn, Fr. Barsanuphius gave him the benefit of his knowledge and experience. During those years before the Bolshevik Revolution, Fr. Barsanuphius foresaw times of difficulty for monasteries when Christians would be persecuted and suffer [[martyr]]dom. He predicted that he himself would be dead before this happened, and that Nicholas would endure those terrible times. <br />
<br />
On [[May 24]], 1915, Nicholas was [[tonsure]]d into the Lesser Schema and given the new name Nikon in honor of the martyr St. Nikon. On [[April 30]], 1916, Nikon was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]], and on [[November 3]], 1917, a [[priest]], as the Bolsheviks began to gain control of the government. <br />
<br />
On [[September 18]], 1919, Fr. Nikon was arrested and jailed without the benefit of a trial for being a monk. Later released, he was permitted to return to Optina, where the monks had formed a farming cooperative. <br />
<br />
In 1923, the cooperative was closed by the Soviets, and the monastery was turned into a museum. Two monks were allowed to stay and work in the museum. The others were expelled from the grounds of the monastery and told to go wherever they wished. Fr. Nikon was blessed by Fr. [[Isaac II of Optina|Isaac]] to serve in the church dedicated to the Kazan Icon and to receive visitors. <br />
<br />
In early 1924, the last church at Optina was closed, and Fr. Nikon was forced to leave in June. He joined Fr. Cyril Zlenko to live at Kozelsk where he continued to receive visitors and offer spiritual counsel and share money and food with those who were too old or too sick to work. As a spiritual Father, Fr. Nikon was able to help people overcome their shame and reveal the [[sin]]s which had troubled them for a long time and leave Fr. Nikon feeling cleansed and renewed.<br />
<br />
In June 1927, the Fathers Nikon, Cyril, and Agapitus (Taube) were arrested and sentenced to prison. Fathers Nikon and Agapitus were sent soon to the "Kemperpunkt" camp, where Fr. Nikon was assigned the duty of guarding the storehouses. From the camp, Fr. Nikon wrote to his spiritual children with cheerful words of encouragement. Although he accepted his imprisonment as God's will, it was nevertheless difficult for him to endure.<br />
<br />
When their prison term ended, the two monks were sent into exile at Archangelsk, at the Arctic Circle. Before leaving the prison camp, Fr. Nikon was examined and found to have tuberculosis. The doctors advised him to request that his place of exile be changed to a place with a more suitable climate. He asked for advice from Fr. Agapitus who told him not to make such a request. At Archangelsk, Fr. Nikon was lodged in the home of an elderly woman who gave him little rest or peace. Every week he had to travel three kilometers to present himself before the authorities in the city of Pinyega. <br />
<br />
At the beginning of Great Lent, Fr. Nikon's leg began to hemorrhage while shoveling snow. He also developed a high fever. On hearing this, his landlady, who felt no pity for him, told him that he had to leave her house so that the others would not become infected with tuberculosis. <br />
<br />
At the time, Fr. Nikon was visited by Fr. Peter, also formerly from Optina, who took Fr. Nikon in and cared for the Elder to the best of his ability. During the last two months of his life, Fr. Nikon received Holy [[Communion]] almost every day, and his sufferings seemed to grow less severe. He often dictated to Fr. Peter letters to his spiritual children. One day, Fr. Nikon saw the Elder [[Macarius of Optina]] in a vision and told Sister Irene to pull up a chair for him. Being slow to obey him, Fr. Nikon said, "Forgive her, Father, for she is not very experienced." <br />
<br />
On [[June 25]], 1931, Fr. Nikon became so weak that he could not speak. [[Archimandrite]] Nikita was called to bring him Communion and to read the [[Canon]] for the Departure of the Soul. That night the Elder Nikon fell asleep in the Lord at the age of forty-three. <br />
<br />
==Glorification==<br />
Elder Nikon of Optina was glorified with all the Elders of Optina by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1990. The [[feast day]] for St. Nikon of Optina is June 25.<br />
<br />
The local veneration of the Elders of Optina was authorized by the [[Church of Russia|Patriarchate of Moscow]] on [[June 13]], 1996. [[Glorification]] of the Elders of Optina for universal [[veneration]] occurred on [[August 7]], 2000. <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=149002 OCA:Venerable Nikon of Optina]<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.net/russiannm/nicon-and-clement-hieroconfessors-of-optina.html Hieroconfessors Nicon And Clement Of Optina]<br />
*[http://www.stjohnsbookstore.com/node/864 Elder Barsanuphius of Optina]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Russian Saints]]<br />
[[Category: Monastics]]<br />
[[Category: Elders]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century saints]]</div>Wsk