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Timeline of Orthodoxy in America

2023-08-16T23:42:06Z

Magda: /* Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943-1970) */ spelling of Uppsala

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
The '''History of Orthodoxy in America''' is complex and resists any easy categorizations or explanations.

==Early Visits and Missions (530-1900)==
*530 St. [[Brendan the Voyager|Brendan the Navigator]] lands in Newfoundland, Canada, establishing a short-lived community of Irish monks.
*1738 Conversion of Col. [[Philip Ludwell III]] of Virginia at Russian church in London.
*1741 [[Divine Liturgy]] celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska.
*1767 Community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself in New Smyrna, Spanish Florida.
*1787 The US Constitution is drafted in Philadelphia, embodying the ideal of secular government with deliberate separation of "church and state" (First Amendment).
*1794 [[Missionaries]], including [[Herman of Alaska]], arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska.
*1796 Martyrdom of [[Juvenaly of Alaska]].
*1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov) [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] in Irkutsk as first [[bishop]] for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return.
*1803 Louisiana Purchase expands American territory beyond Mississippi River.
* 1804 The [[double-headed eagle]] became a motif widely used in [[w:Tlingit people|Tlingit]] art, after the [[w:Battle of Sitka|Russian-Tlingit Battle of Sitka]] in 1804, when [[w:Alexander Andreyevich Baranov|Aleksandr Baranov]], the first governor of colonial Russian Alaska and manager of the Russian-America Company, presented the ''[[w:Tlingit clans|Kiks.adi]]'' Sitka Tlingit leaders with a large medallion on which was found the Russian imperial symbol.<ref>''[http://qmackie.wordpress.com/2010/03/01/double-headed-eagles/ Two Views of Double-Headed Eagles].'' Northwest Coast Archaeology. Posted on March 1, 2010. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.</ref>
*1816 Martyrdom of [[Peter the Aleut]] near San Francisco.
*1817 Russian colony of Fort Ross established 60 miles from San Francisco.
*1819 Various Spanish territories ceded to United States, including Florida.
*1824 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] comes to Unalaska, Alaska.
*1825 First native priest, [[Jacob Netsvetov]].
*1834 Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut.
*1830 Saints Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church is founded on [[w:Saint Paul Island (Alaska)|Saint Paul Island (Alaska)]], in the Bering Sea.<ref>''[http://oca.org/parishes/oca-ak-stpspp SS. Peter and Paul Church].'' Orthodox Church in America (OCA) - Parishes. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.</ref>
*1836 Imperial ''[[ukaz]]'' regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia.
*1837 Death of [[Herman of Alaska]] on Spruce Island.
*1840 Consecration of Fr. [[Innocent of Alaska|John Veniaminov]] as [[bishop]] with the name Innocent.
*1841 Return of [[Innocent of Alaska]] to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka.
* 1843 First mission school for the [[w:Eskimos|Eskimos]] was established at [[w:Nushagak, Alaska|Nushagak]] by Russian-Greek Orthodox Church.<ref name=Alaskool>''[http://www.alaskool.org/cgi-bin/java/interactive/timelineframe.html Alaska Native History - Timeline - Alaskool].'' Alaskool (Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage). Retreived: 2013-10-06.</ref>
*1844 Formation of [[seminary]] in Sitka.<ref group="note">In 1844, St. Innocent (Veniaminov) organized the first Orthodox theological school in North America at Sitka, inaugurating a golden age of Orthodox educational ministry and mission in Alaska. This lasted until the catastrophe of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, when the last Russian-sponsored parochial school in Alaska closed. 
:* ''[https://oca.org/parishes/oca-ak-kodshs St. Herman's Seminary, Kodiak, Alaska].'' Orthodox Church in America (OCA) - Parishes. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.</ref>
*1845 Former Republic of Texas joins United States.
*1846 Pacific Northwest received by United States via treaty with United Kingdom.
*1848 [[Consecration]] of St. Michael Cathedral in Sitka; Pacific Southwest won from Mexico by United States.
*1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia.
*1858 [[Peter (Ekaterinovsky) of Novoarkhangelsk|Peter (Lysakov)]] consecrated as [[auxiliary bishop]] for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk.
*1864 [http://holytrinitycathedral.org/history.html Holy Trinity Church], first Orthodox [[parish]] established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks.
*1865 First [[Divine Liturgy]] celebrated in New York City, by Fr. [[Agapius Honcharenko]].
*1867 Alaska purchased by United States from Russia;<ref group="note">[[October 18]] is now celebrated as "[[Alaska Day]]."</ref> Bp. [[Paul (Popov) of Novoarkhangelsk|Paul (Popov)]] succeeds Bp. Peter.
*1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; [[Innocent of Alaska]] becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
*1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by the [[Church of Russia]] with Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] as ruling hierarch; [[Nicholas Bjerring]], a Roman Catholic layman, converts to Orthodoxy and becomes priest of a Russian chapel in New York City.
*1871-72 Visit of Russian Grand Duke Alexis to the United States.
*1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the [[canonical territory|defined boundaries]] of the diocese (i.e., Alaska).
*1876 Bp. [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Mitropolsky)]] recalled to Russia.
*1879 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] succeeds [[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians|John (Metropolsky)]].
*1882 Bp. [[Nestor (Zass) of the Aleutians|Nestor (Zass)]] drowns in Bering Sea.
*1883 Fr. [[Nicholas Bjerring]], priest of the Russian chapel in New York City, converts to Presbyterianism.
*1886-1895 In the face of their shamans' inability to treat Old World diseases including smallpox, many [[w:Tlingit people|Tlingit people]] (an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America), converted to Orthodox Christianity.<ref>Boyd, Robert Thomas. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=P_FdUPbmwCgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22spirit+of+pestilence%22&ei=sWgQS8bGAqOykAT1pOXcCw#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874].'' Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999. p. 241.</ref><ref group="note">Russian Orthodox [[missionaries]] had translated their liturgy into the Tlingit language. It has been argued that they saw Eastern Orthodox Christianity as a way of resisting assimilation to the "American way of life," which was associated with Presbyterianism. 
:*Kan, Sergei. ''Memory Eternal: Tlingit Culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity Through Two Centuries.'' Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1999. pp.xix-xxii.</ref>
*1888 Bp. [[Vladimir (Sokolovsky-Avtonomov) of the Aleutians|Vladimir (Sokolovsky)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska.
*1890-1917 Greek Immigration to USA: widespread unemployment and economic problems led to migrations to the US of 450,000 Greeks, one-fifth of the total population.
*1891 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]], a [[Uniate]] priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post; [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese.
*1892 Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]] and his parish in Minneapolis received into Russian church; Carpatho-Russian [[Uniate]] parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several in Pennsylvania soon follow; [[St. Sava Church (Jackson, California)|first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California]]; Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish founded in New York City; Greek and Russian parishes founded in Chicago; first American-born person ordained, Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]].
*1895 Archim. [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] arrives in America; Fr. [[John Kochurov]] arrives in America and becomes priest of the Russian parish in Chicago; Fr. [[Anatole (Kamensky) of Irkutsk|Anatole (Kamensky)]] arrives in Alaska; first Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
*1896 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] reports to the [[Church of Russia#The Synodical Church (1700-1917)|Holy Synod of Russia]] that "the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian background"; [[Alexander Hotovitsky]] appointed as [[rector]] in New York; [http://www.thecathedralnyc.org/cathedral-history Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church] is chartered by a special act of the New York State Legislature, being the first Greek Church founded in New York.
*1897 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] and Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]] petition [[Church of Serbia]] to oversee Serbian parishes in America, but are rebuffed due to an inability to support the infrastructure.
*1898 Bp. [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas (Ziorov)]] returns to Russia; [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska; American annexation of Hawaii.

==Beyond Alaska (1900-1918)==
*1900 Name of Russian mission diocese changed from ''the Aleutian Islands and Alaska'' to ''the Aleutian Islands and North America'', claiming an expansion of its [[canonical territory|territorial boundaries]].
*1901 First Orthodox church in Canada, in Vostok, Alberta.
*1902 Building of St. Nicholas Cathedral in [[Diocese of New York and New Jersey (OCA)|New York]]; first Romanian parish in North America founded in Regina, Saskatchewan.
*1904 [[Innocent (Pustynsky) of Alaska|Innocent (Pustynsky)]] consecrated as Bishop of Alaska; [[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn, becoming the first Orthodox bishop to be consecrated in America; first Romanian-American parish founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
*1905 [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Bp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] raised to rank of archbishop; seminary opened in Minneapolis; Russian see transferred to [[Diocese of New York and New Jersey (OCA)|New York]]; Fr. [[Sebastian Dabovich]] elevated to [[archimandrite]] and given charge over Serbian parishes by Tikhon; Episcopal priest of nearly 30 years Dr. [[Ingram Irvine]] converted to Orthodoxy, assigned to "English work."
*1906 Holy Synod of Russia confirms practice of commemorating the American president by name, and not the Russian Tsar, during divine services; blessing of [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery]] by hierarchs Tikhon, Raphael and Innocent; translation of ''Service Book'' by [[Isabel Hapgood]].
*1907 [[All-American_Sobor#First_All-American_Sobor|1st All-American Sobor]] held in Mayfield, PA, at which name of the Russian mission was declared to be ''The Russian Orthodox Greek-Catholic Church in North America under the Hierarchy of the Russian Church''; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] returns to Russia and is succeeded by [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; Uniate Bp. Stephen Ortinsky sent to the US by Rome to stem the tide of Uniate returns to Orthodoxy; Papal decree ''Ea Semper'' issued, mandating all Uniate priests in American be celibate; first [[Sunday of Orthodoxy]] service in New York; first Bulgarian parish in Madison, Illinois; ordination in Constantinople of first Black American Orthodox priest, the Very Rev. Fr. [[Raphael Morgan]], ''[[Missionary|Priest-Apostolic]] to America and the West Indies.''
*1908 [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] gives temporary care of American Greek parishes to [[Church of Greece|Greece]]; Fr. [[Theophan Noli]] celebrates first [[Divine Liturgy]] in the Albanian language; first Albanian parish founded in Boston.
*1909 Bp. [[Innocent (Pustynsky) of Alaska|Innocent (Pustynsky)]] transferred to Russia, succeeded by [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] as Bishop of Alaska; death of Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]].
*1911 Minneapolis seminary transferred to Tenafly, New Jersey.
*1912 Formation of first Serbian Orthodox Church congregation in Canada, in Regina (Holy Trinity Serbian Orthodox Church).
*1913 Serbian clergy vote to come under [[Church of Serbia]] but meet with no response.
*1914 Abp. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] recalled to Russia and made bishop of Kishinev, after having received 72 communities (mainly ex-Uniate Carpatho-Russians) into Orthodoxy during his rule; [[Church of Antioch|Antiochian]] Metr. [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle]] comes to US to raise funds for an agricultural school in Syria.
*1915 Death of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]]; Abp. [[Evdokim (Meschersky) of the Aleutians|Evdokim (Meschersky)]] succeeds Platon; first [[monastery]] for women in Springfield, Vermont.
*1916 Consecration of [[Philip (Stavitsky) of Alaska]]; [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] appointed Bishop of Canada with his see in Winnipeg; organization of [[Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America]] by [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] with founding of St. Mary's Cathedral in Brooklyn, New York; death of Rev. [[Agapius Honcharenko]].
*1917 Ex-Uniate priest [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Alexander Dzubay]] consecrated with the name ''Stephen'' as Bishop of Pittsburgh; Archim. [[Aftimios Ofiesh|Aftimios (Ofiesh)]] consecrated as Bishop of Brooklyn; Abp. [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin)]] elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia at the [[All-Russian Church Council of 1917-1918|All Russian Sobor of 1917-1918]].
*1918-24 Emigration of 70,000 Greeks to the United States.

==Revolution and Rivalry (1918-1943)==
*1918 Bolshevik Revolution throws the [[Church of Russia]] into chaos, effectively stranding the fledgling Russian mission in America; Metr. [[Meletios IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios (Metaxakis) of Athens]] arrives in America to organize Greek parishes; [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] rescinds temporary transfer of Greek parishes in US to [[Church of Greece|Greece]].
*1919 Southern Church Council meets in Stavropol at which Higher Church Administration is formed in Southern Russia; 2nd [[All-American Sobor]] meets in Cleveland, electing [[Alexander (Nemolovsky) of the Aleutians|Alexander (Nemolovsky)]] as its new diocesan bishop, and also electing bishops for the Albanian and Serbian communities, pending approval from Moscow (which never comes); [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] receives Ukrainians in Canada.
*1920 [[Tikhon of Moscow]] issues [[Ukaz No. 362]]; first session of the Higher Church Administration outside borders of Russia.
*1921 34 [[ROCOR]] bishops meet in synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky]], primate of the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]]; death of Fr. [[Ingram Irvine|Ingram Nathaniel Irvine]]; in New York City, [[George Alexander McGuire]] founded the non-canonical ''"African Orthodox Church"'' (AOC), envisaged as a home for blacks of the protestant Episcopal persuasion who wanted ecclesiastical independence.
*1922 [[Church of Greece]] transfers control of its parishes to the [[Church of Constantinople]]; founding of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]; [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] convenes [[All-American_Sobor#Third_All-American_Sobor|3rd All-American Sobor]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
*1924 4th [[All-American Sobor]] of the [[OCA|Metropolia]] votes to establish "temporary self-government," breaking administrative ties with Moscow; [[Victor (Abo-Assaley) of New York|Victor (Abo-Assaley)]] consecrated as first Antiochian Archbishop of New York and All North America; [[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh|Stephen (Dzubay)]] returns to [[Unia]]; Ukrainians in Canada join [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]].
*1926 Metr. [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] of the Metropolia breaks ties with [[ROCOR]] synod; founding of Serbian diocese.
*1927 ROCOR synod sends epistle to American parishes [[suspension|suspending]] Platon and his [[clergy]]; founding of [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]] by the [[Orthodox Church in America|Russian Metropolia]] under [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; founding of [[Federated Russian Orthodox Clubs]] (FROC) in Pittsburgh; consecration of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]].
*1928 Ukrainian diocese established; consecration of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]].
*1929 [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] established.
*1930 Abp. [[Joasaph (Skorodumov) of Canada and Argentina|Joasaph (Skorodumov)]] ("The Enlightener of Canada") becomes the founding bishop of the Canadian Diocese of [[ROCOR]]; [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]] leaves [[American Orthodox Catholic Church|AOCC]] and returns to [[OCA|Metropolia]], re-establishing Brooklyn diocese.
*1931 [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou)]] becomes primate of [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]].
*1932 Consecration of [[Joseph (Zuk) of New Jersey|Joseph (Zuk)]] and [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first American convert bishop).
*1933 [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]] refuses to pledge loyalty to Moscow, which declares Metropolia to be in [[schism]] and establishes [[Russian Exarchate of North America|Exarchate of Moscow on American soil]]; marriage of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; death of [[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab)]]; Platon grants [[canonical release]] to Syrian parishes remaining under Metropolia to come under [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]]; [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] returns to Lebanon; consecration of [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]]; marriage and [[apostasy]] of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]] (first with [[Living Church]] and then independently).
*1934 Death of [[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]]; [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]] elected primate of [[OCA|Metropolia]] at [[All-American_Sobor#Fifth_All-American_Sobor|5th All-American Sobor]] in Cleveland, Ohio; death of [[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles|Sophronios (Beshara)]]; death of [[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle|Germanos (Shehadi)]] in Lebanon; Abp. [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou)]] establishes the ''[http://www.goarch.org/archdiocese/departments/observer/ Orthodox Observer]''.
*1935 "Temporary Regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad" signed by [[ROCOR]] synod in Karlovtsy, Serbia, including [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco|Theophilus (Pashkovsky)]] of the Metropolia, thus renewing relations; [[ROCOR]] divided into four regions, including North America with Theophilus as the regional primate.
*1936 [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]] consecrated for [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of New York]]; on the same day ([[April 19]]), three Metropolia bishops consecrate rival [[Samuel (David) of Toledo|Samuel (David)]] for the Syrians, thus solidifying the developing [[schism]] in the Antiochian faithful in the US (the "Russi-Antaaki" split).
*1937 [[All-American_Sobor#Sixth_All-American_Sobor|6th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]] declares itself to report to [[ROCOR]] in matters of faith; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Theological School]] founded in Pomfret, Connecticut; Ukrainian diocese established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]].
*1938 [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]] and [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] founded; Metr. [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] excommunicated by the [[Church of Antioch]] for disobedience to canonical order; Bulgarian diocese established; [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese|Carpatho-Russian diocese]] established by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] with second wave of Uniat returns to Orthodoxy.
*1939 Consecration of [[Alexander Turner]] by [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
*1941 [[Church of Antioch]] restores [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]] to communion and declares his diocese to be the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Toledo and Dependencies]].

==Emergence of American Orthodoxy (1943-1970)==
*1943 Founding of [[Federated Orthodox Greek Catholic Primary Jurisdictions in America]], a proto-[[SCOBA]] body.
*1946 [[All-American_Sobor#Seventh_All-American_Sobor|7th All-American Sobor]] of [[OCA|Russian Metropolia]] breaks ties with [[ROCOR]]; [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] moved to Brookline, Massachusetts; the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]] (UOCC) opened [[St. Andrew's College (Winnipeg, Manitoba)|St. Andrew’s College]] in Winnipeg.
*1947 Death of [[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington|Ignatius (Nichols)]].
*1950 [[ROCOR]] moves headquarters to New York; [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevitch)]] becomes primate of Metropolia at [[All-American_Sobor#Eighth_All-American_Sobor|8th All-American Sobor]] in New York City; [[w:National Council of Churches|National Council of Churches]], USA, is organized.
*1951 [[Michael (Konstantinides) of America|Michael (Konstantinides)]] heads [[GOA]]; independent Romanian diocese established; arrival of Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] in the United States from Paris, taking up teaching duties at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]].
*1954 Recognition of Toledo archdiocese by [[Church of Antioch]].
*1955 Orthodoxy officially recognized as major faith by U.S. government;<ref>''[http://www.goarch.org/archbishop/michael/timeline Timeline of Archbishop Michael].'' Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.</ref> founding of [[Council of Eastern Orthodox Churches of Central Massachusetts]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Ninth_All-American_Sobor|9th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
*1956 Dr. Constantine Cavarnos founds the [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ibmgs/index.html Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies] in Belmont, Massachusetts.
*1957 Abp. [[Michael (Konstantinides) of America|Michael (Konstantinides)]] offered the first Orthodox prayer at a U. S. Presidential inauguration in January 20, 1957.
*1958 Death of [[Samuel (David) of Toledo]]; reception of [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] into Antiochian New York Archdiocese, forming [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]].
*1959 [[All-American_Sobor#Tenth_All-American_Sobor|10th All-American Sobor]] of the Metropolia was held in New York City; Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]] is elected and enthroned as Primate of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese of North and South America]].
*1960 Founding of [[Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas]] (SCOBA); [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate]] received into the Metropolia.
*1961 Consecration of [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]]; first ever visit of a Greek Orthodox Patriarch to Canada, as Patr. [[Benedict of Jerusalem]] begins a North-American tour to raise funds for the restoration of the shrines in the [[Holy Land]].
*1962 Antiochian Toledo archdiocese recognized by the [[Church of Antioch]] as equal to the New York archdiocese.
*1963 Autonomous Serbian diocese created; [[All-American_Sobor#Eleventh_All-America_Sobor|11th All-American Sobor]] held in New York City; beginning of rapprochement between Metropolia and Moscow Patriarchate; arguing that the Metropolia's 1924 declaration of "temporary self-government" amounted to a canonical declaration of [[autocephaly]], ''Toward an American Orthodox Church'' published by St. Vladimir's professor Alexander Bogolepov, galvanizing the Metropolia to seek autocephaly; Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]] vigorously supported the passage of the [[w:Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Act of 1964]] that was introduced by President John F. Kennedy in his civil rights speech of June 11, 1963; the United States Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling that ended government-sponsored prayer in American public schools (Abington School District v. Schempp).
*1964 [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] established under the [[ROCOR]].
*1965 [[SCOBA]] appeals to mother churches to allow concrete steps to be taken toward American Orthodox unity; at [[All-American_Sobor#Twelfth_All-American_Sobor|12th All-American Sobor]], [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]] chosen to succeed [[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York|Leonty (Turkevich)]] as [[primate]] of [[OCA|Metropolia]]; North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation founded; Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]] marched next to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in the [[w:Selma to Montgomery marches |Selma to Montgomery marches]], captured on the cover of LIFE Magazine, March 26, 1965.
*1966-80 About 160,000 more Greeks emigrated to the US, tapering off considerably from the 1980s onwards.
*1966 Death of Metr. [[Antony (Bashir) of New York|Antony (Bashir)]]; election and consecration of [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]] as Metropolitan of [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Syrian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of New York]]; founding of [[Hellenic College (Brookline, Massachusetts)]]; death of [[John Maximovitch]]; death of [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]; Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]] travels to Constantinople to intercede for Metropolia but is rebuffed; first founding of [[OISM]].
*1967 Consecration of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor) of Sitka]]; [[Church of Constantinople]] orders [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]] to suspend communion with [[OCA|Metropolia]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Thirteenth_All-American_Sobor|13th All-American Sobor]] of Metropolia held in New York City.
*1968 Meeting between Metropolia representatives and Moscow Patriarchate in Uppsala, Sweden, discussing [[autocephaly]] for the Metropolia; Synod of Bishops of Metropolia decides to start official exploratory negotiations with MP.
*1969 Consecration of [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]] (seen by many to be first convert bishop); official autocephaly meetings of Metropolia with Moscow Patriarchate take place in New York City, Tokyo and Geneva; Metr. [[Philaret (Voznesensky) of New York]] issues the first of a series of "Sorrowful Epistles" (1969,1971,1975) to the primates of the local Orthodox Churches, condemning forays into [[ecumenism]].

==Union and Division (1970-1994)==
*1970 Russian Metropolia reconciles with the [[Church of Russia]] and is granted [[autocephaly]]; [[All-American_Sobor#Fourteenth_All-American_Sobor|14th All-American Sobor]]/[[All-American_Council#First_All-American_Council|1st All-American Council]] accepts autocephaly [[Tomos]] and approves new name of [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA); [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] ceases all official contact with the [[OCA]] and declares it uncanonical; [[Russian Exarchate of North America]] is dissolved, but the majority of its parishes remain under the Church of Russia; [[glorification]] of [[Herman of Alaska]] in separate services by the [[ROCOR]] and the [[OCA]].
*1971 [[ROCOR]] denounces [[Church of Russia|Moscow]]'s grant of [[autocephaly]] to the Metropolia; OCA receives rebel ROCOR [[parish]] in Australia; [[Albanian Archdiocese (OCA)|Albanian Archdiocese]] received into the OCA at [[All-American_Council#Second_All-American_Council|2nd All-American Council]] held at St. Tikhon's Monastery, South Canaan, PA.
*1972 [[OCA]] receives the Mexican National Catholic Church, creating its [[Exarchate of Mexico (OCA)|Exarchate of Mexico]].
*1973 The [[All-American_Council#Third_All-American_Council|3rd All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, PA.
*1974 [[All-Diaspora_Councils#III_All-Diaspora_Council|3rd All-Diaspora Council]] of ROCOR held in Jordanville, New York; [[OCA]] Metr. [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York]] goes into semi-retirement, while his duties are taken up by Abp. [[Sylvester (Haruns) of Montreal]].
*1975 "Russi-Antaaki" division in the Antiochian church in North America overcome by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York]] and Metr. [[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]] by union of two Syrian archdioceses into one [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], led by Metr. Philip; [[All-American_Council#Fourth_All-American_Council|4th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Cleveland, Ohio.
*1976 Reception into [[OCA]] of [[ROCOR]]'s [[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]] and its hierarch, Bishop [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev)]].
*1977 [[OCA]] holds its [[All-American_Council#Fifth_All-American_Council|5th All-American Council]] in Montreal, electing [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] as metropolitan, replacing the retiring [[Ireney (Bekish) of New York|Ireney (Bekish)]]; [[glorification]] in Russia of [[Innocent of Alaska]].
*1978 Founding of [[Antiochian Village]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]].
*1980 The [[All-American_Council#Sixth_All-American_Council|6th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Detroit, Michigan.
*1981 The [http://www.pahh.com/paoi/ Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute] (PAOI) is founded in Berkeley, California; [[OCA]] [[primate|primatial]] see transferred from New York to Washington.
*1982 Calendar [[schism]] in [[Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania (OCA)|OCA Diocese of E. Pennsylvania]], [[ROCOR]] receiving multiple parishes in the area.
*1983 [[All-American_Council#Seventh_All-American_Council|7th All-American Council]] of OCA was held Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
*1985 Founding of [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]] (OCMC) as Greek Archdiocesan Mission Center; murder of Father [[John (Karastamatis) of Santa Cruz]].
*1986 [[All-American_Council#Eighth_All-American_Council|8th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Washington, D.C.
*1987 Majority of [[parish]]es of the [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]] received into [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]] by Metr. [[Philip (Saliba) of New York|Philip (Saliba)]], becoming the Antiochian Evangelical Orthodox Mission (AEOM).
*1988 Healing of schism between two Serbian dioceses.
*1989 [[Glorification]] in Russia of [[Tikhon of Moscow]]; [[Ephraim of Philotheou|Elder Ephraim]] begins founding [[Mount Athos|Athonite]]-style monasteries in North America; [[All-American_Council#Ninth_All-American_Council|9th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Saint Louis, Missouri.
*1990 Contact between [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] and [[OCA]] resumes.
*1992 Founding of [[International Orthodox Christian Charities]] (IOCC); [[All-American_Council#Tenth_All-American_Council|10th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Miami, Florida; about 60 theologians from the Eastern Orthodox Church and Evangelical groups met at Wheaton college to discuss differences and similarities between their Christian groups, as speakers from both sides sketched their views of Scripture, tradition, and authority in church life.<ref>Loconte, Joe. ''"Peering over the Orthodox-evangelical crevasse."'' '''Christianity Today'''. 9 Nov. 1992: 63.</ref>

==Ligonier and Beyond (1994-present)==
*1994 Bicentennial of Orthodox Christianity in North America (1794-1994); [[Ligonier Meeting]] held; [[glorification]] of [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] by OCA; [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]] becomes [[SCOBA]] agency and changes to its current name; glorification in Russia of [[John Kochurov]] and [[Alexander Hotovitsky]]; glorification by [[ROCOR]] of [[John Maximovitch]]; ''[http://www.orthodoxwomensnetwork.org/index.cfm Women's Orthodox Ministries and Education Network]'' (WOMEN) incorporated.
*1995 Death of Bp. [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]]; [[All-American_Council#Eleventh_All-American_Council|11th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Chicago, Illinois.
*1996 Retirement of Greek Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America]], being replaced by [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]]; [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America]] joins [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]], coming under [[Constantinople]].
*1997 Visit by [[Ecumenical Patriarch]] [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople]] to US.
*1998 Ben Lomond crisis in (formerly [[Evangelical Orthodox Church|EOC]]) [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian]] parish of Ss. Peter and Paul (Ben Lomond, California); SCOBA's Social & Moral Issues Commission (SMIC) established; the Holy Synod of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] formally accepted the [http://www.stirene.org/contact-us.html Monastery of St. Irene Chrysovalantou] in Astoria NY as a Sacred Patriarchal and Stavropegial Institution, as well as its founders Metr. [[Paisios (Loulourgas) of Tyana]] and Bp. [[Vikentios (Malamatenios) of Apameia]] (formerly of the [[Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece]]).
*1999 Retirement of [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]], Greek Archbishop of America, being replaced by [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios (Trakatellis)]]; reception of dissident group from Ben Lomond crisis by the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in North and South America|Jerusalem Patriarchate]], including re-ordination of some of the excommunicated and/or deposed clergy; [[All-American_Council#Twelfth_All-American_Council|12th All-American Council]] of OCA held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
*2000 [[Glorification]] of [[Raphael of Brooklyn]] at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] by the [[OCA]] jointly with Antiochian hierarchs; reception of multiple former parishes of the [[Holy Order of MANS|Holy Order of MANS/Christ the Saviour Brotherhood]] into the patriarchal [[Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia|Bulgarian diocese]].
*2001 Second meeting of most bishops associated with [[SCOBA]]; the 2001 data from Statistics Canada gives a total of 433,815 Orthodox in Canada.<ref>Subdeacon Kevin Wigglesworth. ''[http://www.cjoc.ca/pdf/Vol5-W-2Stats.pdf Statistics of Orthodox Christianity in Canada].'' The Canadian Journal of Orthodox Christianity. Volume V, No 1, Winter 2010. p.33.</ref>
*2002 Retirement of [[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]] and election of [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko)]] as Metropolitan of the [[OCA]] at [[All-American_Council#Thirteenth_All-American_Council|13th All-American Council]] held in Orlando, Florida.
*2003 [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]] is granted "self-rule" (similar but not identical to [[autonomy]]) by [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], establishing 9 new [[diocese]]s in North America and promoting its [[titular bishop]]s to diocesan ones; after years of inactivity, refounding of [[OISM]].
*2004 Consecration in Damascus of 3 new diocesan bishops for the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Archdiocese]], [[Thomas (Joseph) of Charleston and Oakland]], [[Mark (Maymon) of Toledo]], and [[Alexander (Mufarrij) of Ottawa]].
*2005 Death of Abp. [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]]; consecration of [[Alejo (Pacheco y Vera) of Mexico City ]], [[auxiliary bishop]] of the [[OCA]] Exarchate of Mexico; OCA's New York [[diocese]] subsumed into its Diocese of Washington, creating [[Diocese of Washington and New York (OCA)|Diocese of Washington and New York]] at [[All-American_Council#Fourteenth_All-American_Council|14th All-American Council]] held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
*2006 [[Fourth All-Diaspora Council]] of the [[ROCOR]] votes to restore [[full communion]] with [[Moscow Patriarchate]]; four priests and one deacon who departed the Antiochian Archdiocese during the Ben Lomond crisis return to Antioch; major financial scandal made public in the [[OCA]]; third meeting of most [[SCOBA]] bishops agrees to work together on canonical and pastoral questions.
*2007 [[OISM]] holds first meeting at a [[ROCOR]] seminary, [[Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary]]; restoration of [[full communion]] between [[ROCOR]] and [[Moscow Patriarchate]] with incorporation of ROCOR as semi-autonomous entity of the patriarchate.
*2008 [[Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in North and South America|Jerusalem jurisdiction]] transferred to [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]], forming [[Vicariate for Palestinian-Jordanian Communities in the USA|Vicariate for Palestinian/Jordanian Communities in the USA]]; Metr. [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman (Swaiko)]] retired by OCA amidst financial scandal; [[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington and New York|Jonah (Paffhausen)]] elected primate of OCA; [[All-American Council#Fifteenth All-American Council|Fifteenth All-American Council]] held in Pittsburgh, PA.
*2009 [[Church of Georgia]] names Metr. [[Dimitri (Shiolashvili) of Batumi and Lazeti]] as bishop for North America; visit of Abp. [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetios (Trakatellis)]] to [[ROCOR]] headquarters, the first visit of a Greek archbishop in more than 40 years; [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]] opens training center; Fourth Pre-Conciliar Pan-Orthodox Conference in Chambesy, Switzerland mandates "Episcopal Assemblies" for various regions of the world, including North America; OCA reestablishes dioceses for [[Diocese of Washington (OCA)|Washington]] and [[Diocese of New York and New Jersey (OCA)|New York and New Jersey]]; visit to US of Ecumenical Patr. [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Batholomew I (Archontonis)]].
*2010 Consecration of Bp. [[Michael (Dahulich) of New York]]; formation of [[Episcopal Assembly of North and Central America]], with 55 Bishops in attendance; [[ROCOR]] marks its 90th anniversary; the Ministry of Education of the Hellenic Republic formally recognized [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)]] as an accredited institution of Higher Education, equal in standing to the schools of theology in the universities of Greece and the EU’s member states; [[Toronto Orthodox Theological Academy (Toronto, Ontario)]] and [[w:Saint Paul University|Saint Paul Catholic Pontifical University]] in Ottawa sign cooperation agreement as twin institutions within the Province of Ontario.<ref>Pravoslavie.ru. ''[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/43542.htm Toronto Orthodox Theological Academy & Saint Paul University sign cooperation agreement].'' 16/12/2010.</ref><ref group="note">[[w:Saint Paul University|Saint Paul University]] in Ottawa is the home of the the ''"[http://www.sheptytskyinstitute.ca/?page_id=2 Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies]",'' named after the primate of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, [[w:Andrey Sheptytsky|Andrey Sheptytsky]] (1865-1944); it specializes in Eastern Christian Studies with special but not exclusive emphasis on the tradition of the [[Christianization of Kievan Rus'|Church of Kyiv]].</ref>
*2011 Second gathering of the [[Episcopal Assembly of North and Central America]], convened May 25-27 in Chicago, with 45 Bishops in attendance; [[All-American Council|Sixteenth All-American Council]] of the OCA was held in Bellevue, Washington; For the first time in nearly 70 years, the primates and hierarchs of the [[ROCOR and OCA|OCA and ROCOR]] concelebrate the Divine Liturgy.
*2012 [[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington and New York|Jonah (Paffhausen)]] primate of [[OCA]] requests retirement; [[Tikhon (Mollard) of Washington|Tikhon (Mollard)]] elected primate of OCA at the [[All-American_Council#Seventeenth_All-American_Council|17th All-American Council]] held in Parma, Ohio; Third Annual Meeting of the [[Episcopal Assembly of North and Central America]], from September 10-12, in Chicago, with 43 Bishops in attendance.

==See also==
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Australia]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Britain]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in China]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in New Zealand]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Japan]]
*[[Timeline of Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic relations]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==External link==
*[http://orthodoxhistory.org/ OrthodoxHistory.org], website of the [[Society for Orthodox Christian History in the Americas]] (SOCHA)

[[Category:Church History]]
[[Category:Timelines|America]]

[[ro:Ortodoxia în America (cronologie)]]

Paschal greeting

2022-06-30T23:09:52Z

Magda: /* Dravidian languages */ added Tamil

[[Image:Pascha.jpg|right|frame|The Resurrection of Christ]]
The '''Paschal greeting''' is a custom among Orthodox Christians, consisting of a greeting and response. Instead of "hello" or its equivalent, one is to greet another person with "Christ is Risen!". The response is "Truly, He is risen!" (or "Indeed, He is risen!"). This greeting is used during liturgical services and informally at other times, starting with the [[feast]] of [[Pascha]] and lasting until [[Ascension]] – the period known as the ''Paschal season'' or ''Paschaltide''.

In practice, this greeting is typically used only with people that one already knows are Orthodox. In some cultures (for example in Russia), it was also customary to exchange a triple kiss after the greeting. Orthodox Christians often compile lists of the greeting in various languages, as it is used around the world, and these are sometimes recited in church or in other formal settings as an act of Orthodox unity across languages and cultures.

==The Paschal greeting in the languages of the world==

===Indo–European languages===
*Greek – Χριστὸς ἀνέστη! Ἀληθῶς ἀνέστη! (Khristós anésti! Alithós anésti!)

*Slavic languages
**[[Church Slavonic]] – Христосъ воскресе! Воистину воскресе! (Khristos voskrese! Voistinu voskrese!)
**East Slavic
***Russian – Христос воскресе! Воистину воскресе! (Khristos voskrese! Voistinu voskrese!)
***Belarusian – Хрыстос уваскрос! Сапраўды ўваскрос! (Khrystos uvaskros! Saprawdy wvaskros!)
***Ukrainian – Христос воскрес! Воістину воскрес! (Khrystos voskres! Voistynu voskres!)
***Rusyn – Хрістос воскрес! Воістину воскрес! (Hristos voskres! Voistynu voskres!)
**South Slavic
***Bulgarian – Христос възкресе! Воистина възкресе! (Khristos vozkrese! Voistina vozkrese!)
***Serbian – Христос васкрсе! Ваистину васкрсе! (Khristos vaskrse! Vaistinu vaskrse!)
***Croatian – Krist uskrsnu! Uistinu uskrsnu!
**West Slavic
***Czech – Kristus vstal z mrtvých! Vpravdě vstal z mrtvých!
***Slovak – Kristus vstal z mŕtvych! Skutočne vstal (z mŕtvych)!
***Polish – Chrystus zmartwychwstał! Prawdziwie zmartwychwstał!

*Albanian (Tosk) – Krishti u ngjall! Vërtet u ngjall!

*Armenian – Քրիստոս հարյա՜վ ի մեռելոց: Օրհնյա՜լ է Հարությունը Քրիստոսի: (Khristos haryav i merelotz! Orhnyal e Harouthyoune Khristosi!) – (Lit: Christ is risen! Blessed is the resurrection of Christ!)

*Germanic languages
**West Germanic
***English – "Christ is risen! Truly, He is risen!" ''or'' "Christ is risen! Indeed, He is risen!" ''or'' "Christ is risen! He is risen, indeed!"
****Old English (Anglo–Saxon) – Crist aras! Crist sodhlice aras! (Lit: Christ arose! Christ surely arose!)
****Middle English – Crist is arisen! Arisen he sothe!
****Iyaric Patwa – Krestos a uprisin! Seen, him a uprisin fe tru!
***German – Christus ist auferstanden! Er ist wahrhaftig auferstanden!
***Dutch – Christus is opgestaan! Hij is waarlijk opgestaan! (Netherlands) ''or'' Christus is verrezen! Hij is waarlijk verrezen! (Belgium)
***Afrikaans – Christus het opgestaan! Hy het waarlik opgestaan!
***Frisian – Kristus is opstien! Wis is er opstien!
***Yiddish – Der Meschiache undzer iz geshtanen! Avade er iz ufgeshtanen!
**North Germanic
***Swedish – Kristus är uppstånden! Han är sannerligen uppstånden!
***Danish – Kristus er opstanden! Sandelig Han er Opstanden!
***Norwegian – Kristus er oppstanden! Han er sannelig oppstanden!
***Icelandic – Kristur er upprisinn! Hann er sannarlega upprisinn!

*Italic languages
**Latin – Christus resurrexit! Resurrexit vere!
**Romance languages
***Romanian – Hristos a înviat! Adevărat a înviat!
****Istro-Romanian dialect – Uscrâsnit–å Isus Crist! Zaista uscrâsnit–å!
****Macedo-Romanian (Aromanian) dialect – Hristolu anyie! De–alihea anyie!
****Megleno-Romanian dialect – Hristos anghii! Istana anghii!
***French – Le Christ est ressuscité! En verité il est ressuscité! ''or'' Le Christ est ressuscité! Vraiment il est ressuscité!
***Italian – Cristo è risorto! È veramente risorto!
***Spanish – ¡Cristo ha resucitado! ¡En verdad ha resucitado!
***Portuguese – Cristo ressuscitou! Em verdade ressuscitou!
***Catalan – Crist ha ressuscitat! Veritablement ha ressuscitat!
***Galician – Cristo resucitou! De verdade resucitou!
***Provençal – Lo Crist es ressuscitat! En veritat es ressuscitat!
***Romansh – Cristo es rinaschieu! In varded, el es rinaschieu!
***Sardinian – Cristu est resuscitadu! Aberu est resuscitadu!
***Sicilian – Cristu arrivisciutu esti! Pibbiru arrivisciutu esti!
***Walloon – Li Crist a raviké! Il a raviké podbon!

*Baltic languages
**Latvian – Kristus (ir) augšāmcēlies! Patiesi viņš ir augšāmcēlies!
**Lithuanian – Kristus prisikėlė! Tikrai prisikėlė!

*Celtic languages
**Goidelic
***Old Irish – Asréracht Críst! Asréracht Hé–som co dearb!
***Irish – Tá Críost éirithe! Go deimhin, tá sé éirithe!
***Manx – Taw Creest Ereen! Taw Shay Ereen Guhdyne!
***Scottish Gaelic – Tha Crìosd air èiridh! Gu dearbh, tha e air èiridh!
**Brythonic
***Breton – Dassoret eo Krist! E wirionez dassoret eo!
***Cornish – Thew Creest dassorez! En weer thewa dassorez!
***Welsh – Atgyfododd Crist! Yn wir atgyfododd!

*Indo–Iranian languages
**Persian – !مسیح برخاسته است! به راستی برخاسته است (Masih barkhaste ast! Be rasti barkhaste ast!)
**Hindi – येसु मसीह ज़िन्दा हो गया है! हाँ यक़ीनन, वोह ज़िन्दा हो गया है! (Yesu Masih zinda ho gaya hai! Haan yaqeenan, woh zinda ho gaya hai!)
**Urdu – !یسوع مسیح زندہ ہو گیا ہے! ہاں یقیناً، وہ زندہ ہو گیا ہے (Yesu Masih zinda ho gaya hai! Haan yaqeenan, woh zinda ho gaya hai!)
**Marathi – Yeshu Khrist uthla ahe! Kharokhar uthla ahe!
**Sanskrit – Krista uttitaha! Satvam uttitaha!

===Afro-Asiatic languages===
*Semitic languages
**Arabic (standard) – !المسيح قام! حقا قام (al-Masīḥ qām! Ḥaqqan qām!) ''or'' !المسيح قام! بالحقيقة قام (al-Masīḥ qām! Bi-l-ḥaqīqati qām!)
**Aramaic languages
***Syriac – !ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܡ! ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܩܡ (Mshiḥa qām! Sharīrāīth qām! ''or'' Mshiḥo Qom! Shariroith Qom!)
***Neo-Syriac – !ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܡܠܗ! ܒܗܩܘܬܐ ܩܡܠܗ (Mshikha qimlih! Bhāqota qimlih!)
***Turoyo-Syriac – !ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܝܡ! ܫܪܥܪܐܝܬ ܩܝܡ (Mshiḥo qāyem! Shariroith qāyem!)
**Ethiopian languages
***Tigrigna – (Christos tensiou! Bahake tensiou!)
***Amharic – (Kristos Tenestwal! Bergit Tenestwal!)
**Hebrew (modern) – !המשיח קם! באמת קם (HaMashiach qam! Be'emet qam!)
**Maltese – Kristu qam! Huwa qam tassew! ''or'' Kristu qam mill-mewt! Huwa qam tassew!

*Egyptian
**Coptic – ΠιχρίςΤος αϥτωΝϥ! ϦΕΝ οΥΜεθΜΗι αϥτωΝϥ! (Pikhristos Aftonf! Khen oumethmi aftonf!)

===Caucasian languages===
*Kartvelian
**Georgian – ქრისტე აღსდგა! ჭეშმარიტად აღსდგა! (Kriste agsdga! Cheshmaritad agsdga!)

*Northwest Caucasian
**Abkhazian – Kyrsa Dybzaheit! Itzzabyrgny Dybzaheit!

===Dravidian languages===
*Malayalam – ക്രിസ്തു ഉയിര്‍ത്തെഴുന്നേറ്റു! തീര്‍ച്ചയായും ഉയിര്‍ത്തെഴുന്നേറ്റു! (Christu uyirthezhunnettu! Theerchayayum uyirthezhunnettu!)
*Tamil - கிறிஸ்து உயிர்த்தெழுந்தார், மெய்யாகவே அவர் உயிர்த்தெழுந்தார். (Kirsthu ujirthu elunthar! Unmaiyagave ujirthu elunthar!)

===Eskimo–Aleut languages===
*Aleut - Kristusaq Aglagikuk! Angangulakan Aglagikuk!
*Alutiq (Kodiak Aleut) – Kristusaq ungwektaq! Pichinuq ungwektaq!
*Yupik – Xris-tusaq Ung-uixtuq! Iluumun Ung-uixtuq!

===Mayan languages===
*Tzotzil – Icha'kuxi Kajvaltik Kristo! Ta melel icha'kuxi!
*Tzeltal – Cha'kuxaj Kajwaltik Kristo! Ta melel cha'kuxaj!

===Austronesian languages===
*Malayo-Polynesian
**Western
***Filipino (Tagalog) – Si Kristo ay nabuhay! Totoo! Siya nga ay nabuhay!
***Indonesian – Kristus telah bangkit! Dia benar-benar telah bangkit!
***Kapampangan – Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie! Sinubli ya pin mebie!
***Cebuano – Si Kristo nabanhaw! Matuod nga Siya nabanhaw!
***Chamorro – La'la'i i Kristo! Magahet na luma'la' i Kristo!
**Central–Eastern
***Carolinian – Lios a melau sefal! Meipung, a mahan sefal!
***Hawaiian – Ua ala hou ʻo Kristo! Ua ala ʻiʻo nō ʻo Ia!
***Fijian – Na Karisito tucake tale! Io sa tucake tale!
**Malagasy – Nitsangana tamin'ny maty i Kristy! Nitsangana marina tokoa izy!

===Na-Dené languages===
*Athabaskan
**Navajo – Christ daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ náádiidzáá! Tʼáá aaníí daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ náádiidzáá!
*Tlingit – Xristos Kuxwoo-digoot! Xegaa-kux Kuxwoo-digoot!

===Niger–Congo languages===
*Gikuyu – Kristo ni muriuku! Ni muriuku nema!
*Igbo – Jésu Krísti Ébilíwõ! Ézia õ´ Bilíwõ!
*Lugandan – Kristo Azukkide! Kweli Azukkide!
*Swahili – Kristo Amefufukka! Kweli Amefufukka!

===Turkic languages===
*Turkish – Hristós diril–Dí! Hakíkatén diril–Dí!
*Azeri – Məsih dirildi! Həqiqətən dirildi!
*Chuvash – Христос чĕрĕлнĕ! Чăн чĕрĕлнĕ! (Khristós chərəlnə! Chæn chərəlnə!)
*Uyghur – !ئەيسا تىرىلدى! ھەقىقەتىنلا تىرىلدى (Əysa tirildi! Ⱨəⱪiⱪətinla tirildi!)

===Uralic languages===
*Estonian – Kristus on üles tõusnud! Tõesti, Ta on üles tõusnud!
*Finnish – Kristus nousi kuolleista! Totisesti nousi!
*Hungarian – Krisztus feltámadt! Valóban feltámadt!
*Meadow Mari – Христос ылыж кынелын! Чынак ылыж кынелын!

===Other living languages===
*Basque – Cristo Berbistua! Benatan Berbistua!

*Japanese – ハリストス復活！実に復活！ (Harisutosu fukkatsu! Jitsu ni fukkatsu!)

*Korean – 그리스도께서 부활하셨습니다! 참으로 부활하셨습니다! (Kristo Gesso Buhwal ha sho sumnida! Chamuro Buhwal ha sho sumnida!)

*Mandarin Chinese – 基督復活了他確實復活了 (Jīdū fùhuó le! Tā quèshí fùhuó le!)

*Quechua – Cristo causarimpunña! Ciertopuni causarimpunña!

===Constructed languages===
*Esperanto – Kristo leviĝis! Vere Li leviĝis!
*Ido – Kristo riviveskabas! Ya Il rivivesakabas!
*Interlingua – Christo ha resurgite! Vermente ille ha resurgite! ''or'' Christo ha resurrecte! Vermente ille ha resurrecte!
*Quenya – [[Image:Pascha_Tengwar.png|Tengwar Rendering]] (Ortanne Laivino! Anwa ortanne Laivino!)

==External links==
*[http://srbigham.com/en/ Paschal Polyglotta]: The Paschal greeting in 250 languages.
*[http://www.oca.org/PDF/Pascha/PaschalGreetingsWorld.pdf Paschal Greeting (PDF)] - Greetings in language alphabetic order.

[[Category:Church Life]]
[[Category:Feasts]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

[[es:Saludo pascual]]
[[fr:Salutation pascale]]
[[ro:Hristos a înviat]]

List of Patriarchs

2021-02-18T21:39:08Z

Magda: /* Autocephalous Churches */ updated for new Serbian patriarch

The following is a list of the names and titles of the current presiding [[patriarch]]s, [[metropolitan]]s, and [[archbishop]]s ([[primate]]s) of the [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] and [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox churches, not all of whose statuses are universally recognized:

==Autocephalous Churches==
*His All-Holiness [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]], Archbishop of [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] and New Rome, Ecumenical Patriarch
*His Beatitude [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]], Pope and Patriarch of [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]] and All Africa
*His Beatitude [[John X (Yazigi) of Antioch|John X]], Patriarch of [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]] and All the East
*His Beatitude [[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Theophilus III]], Patriarch of the Holy City of [[Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalem and All Palestine]]
*His Beatitude [[Kyrill I (Gundyayev) of Moscow|Kyrill]], Patriarch of [[Church of Russia|Moscow and All Russia]],
*His Holiness [[Ilia II (Ghudushauri-Shiolashvili) of Georgia|Ilia II]], Catholicos-Patriarch of [[Church of Georgia|All Georgia]], Archbishop of Mtskheta and Tbilisi
*His Holiness [[Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia|Porfirije]], Archbishop of Pec, Metropolitan of Belgrade-Karlovci, Patriarch of [[Church of Serbia|Serbia]]
*His Beatitude, [[Daniel (Ciobotea) of Romania|Daniel]], Patriarch of [[Church of Romania|All Romania]], Metropolitan of Ungro-Vlachia, Archbishop of Bucharest
*His Holiness [[Neophyte (Dimitrov) of Bulgaria|Neophyte]], Patriarch of [[Church of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], Metropolitan of Sofia
*His Beatitude [[Chrysostomos II (Demetriou) of New Justiniana|Chrysostomos II]], Archbishop of New Justiniana and [[Church of Cyprus|All Cyprus]]
*His Beatitude [[Ieronymos II (Liapis) of Athens|Ieronymos II]], Archbishop of Athens and [[Church of Greece|All Greece]]
*His Beatitude [[Anastasios (Yannoulatos) of Albania|Anastasios]], Archbishop of Tirana and [[Church of Albania|All Albania]]
*His Beatitude [[Sawa (Hrycuniak) of Poland|Sawa]], Metropolitan of Warsaw and [[Church of Poland|All Poland]]
*[[Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia|Czech Lands and Slovakia]] - currently vacant, Archbishop Simeon (Jakovljević) locum tenens.
*His Beatitude [[Tikhon (Mollard) of Washington|Tikhon]], Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of [[Orthodox Church in America|All America and Canada]]

==Autonomous Churches==
*His Beatitude Damianos, Archbishop of [[Church of Sinai|Sinai]] and Raithu
*His Beatitude [[Leo (Makkonen) of Finland|Leo]], Archbishop of Karelia and [[Church of Finland|All Finland]]
*His Eminence [[Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn|Stephanos]], Metropolitan of Tallinn and [[Church of Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)|All Estonia]]
*His Beatitude [[Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan|Daniel]], Archbishop of Tokyo, Metropolitan of [[Church of Japan|All Japan]]
*His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr]], Metropolitan of Kiev and [[Church of Ukraine|All Ukraine]]

==See also==
*[[List of autocephalous and autonomous Churches]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Antioch]]
*[[List of primates of Russia]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Serbia]]
*[[List of Archbishops of Athens]]
*[[List of Coptic Popes]]

==Source==
*List taken from [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/ Orthodox Research Institute]

[[Category:Bishops|*]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions|*]]

[[ro:Lista Patriarhilor]]

Church of Serbia

2021-02-18T21:37:10Z

Magda: updated for new patriarch; still needs updating

[[Image:Serbia logo.gif|right|300px]]
The '''Church of Serbia''' is one of the [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] Orthodox churches, ranking sixth after [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]], [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]], [[Church of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], [[Church of Russia|Russia]] in the [[diptychs]] of [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]. In the diptychs of the [[Church of Russia]], it ranks seventh.{{fact}} It exercises jurisdiction over Orthodox Christians in Serbia and surrounding Slavic and other lands as well as [[exarchate]]s and patriarchal representation churches around the world.

The patriarch of Serbia serves as first among equals in his church. His Eminence Metropolitan Porfirije (Perić) of Zagreb-Ljubljana, was elected by members of the Serbian Church's Assembly of Bishops on [[February 18]], 2021.

{{church|
name= The Patriarchate of Serbia[[Image:Serbia logo 2.gif|center|Church of Serbia]]|
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]], St. [[Sava of Serbia]]|
independence= 1219 (lost in 1766), again in 1879 |
recognition= 1219 by [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]], again in 1879 |
primate=[[Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia|Patriarch Porfirije]]|
hq=Belgrade, Serbia|
territory=Serbia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia|
possessions= United States, Canada, Europe, Australia|
language=[[Church Slavonic]]; Serbian|
music=[[Serbian Chant]]; some [[Byzantine Chant]] used|
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|
population=15,000,000|
website=[http://www.spc.rs/eng Church of Serbia]
}}

==History==
The Serbian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, member of the Orthodox communion, located primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the Republic of Macedonia. Since many Serbs have emigrated to foreign countries, there are many Serbian Orthodox communities on all continents.

Soon after their arrival to the Balkans, the Serbian tribes were successively [[baptism|baptised]] by Christian [[missionary|missionaries]] and became Orthodox Christians. The [[consecration]] of St. [[Sava of Serbia|Sava]] as autocephalous archbishop of Serbia in 1219 strengthened various Serbian principalities even more in their ecclesiastical allegiance to [[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]] and the Christian East. Later, as the medieval kingdom of Serbia grew in size and prestige and as Stefan Dusan, king of Serbia from 1331, assumed the imperial title of tsar (1346 to 1355), the archbishopric of Pec was correspondingly raised to the rank of [[patriarchate]]. The period before the arrival of the Turks was the time of the greatest flourishing of the Serbian church. After the final Turkish conquest of the most influential Serbian principality in 1459, the greater portion of Serbian lands became a Turkish pasalik (province). After the death of Patriarch Arsenije II in 1463, a successor was not elected. The patriarchate was thus de facto abolished, and the Serbian church passed under the jurisdiction of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]]. The Serbian patriarchate was restored in 1557 by the Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. [[Makarije (Sokolovic) of Pec|Makarije]], brother of the famous Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic, was elected patriarch in Pec.

The restoration of the patriarchate was of great importance for the Serbs because it helped the spiritual unification of all Serbs in the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]]. After consequent Serbian uprisings against the Turkish occupation in which the church had a leading role, the Turks abolished the patriarchate once again in 1766. The church returned once more to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. This period of so-called "[[Phanariots]]" was a period of great spiritual decline because the Greek [[bishop]]s had very little understanding of their Serbian flock. This was also the period when a great number of Christians converted to [[Islam]] to avoid the severe taxes imposed by the Turks in retaliation for uprisings and continued resistance. Many Serbs and their [[hierarch]]s migrated to southern Hungary, where the church was autonomous. The seat of the archbishops was moved from Pec to Karlovci. The Serbian Orthodox Church finally regained its independence and became autocephalous again in 1879, the year after the recognition by the Allied powers of Serbia as an independent state. After World War I, all the Serbs were united under one ecclesiastical authority, and the patriarchate was reestablished in 1920 with election of Patriarch [[Dimitrije (Pavlovic) of Serbia|Dimitrje]], the patriarch's full title being ''Archbishop of Pec, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Patriarch of the Serbs''.

During the Second World War, the Serbian Orthodox Church passed through severe trials in which many bishops, [[priest]]s, and about 700,000 [[laity|lay]] Orthodox Christians were killed by Croatian and Muslim fascists (according to the Orthodox Diocese of Raska and Prizren). Hundreds of [[church]]es were completely destroyed or desecrated. After the Second World War the church experienced new trials under the communists, who prohibited teaching of religion in schools, confiscated the property of the church, and used various overt and covert means of persecution in order to diminish the influence the church had among the people. It was only after 1989 that the position of the church became tolerable, although church estates have not yet been returned to their lawful owners.

===In the Republic of Macedonia===
: ''Main articles: [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]], [[Autonomous Archdiocese of Ohrid]]''

In 1959, the portion of Yugoslavia known as the Republic of Macedonia was approved by the Serbian patriarchate to have its own autonomous archdiocese. In 1967, however, with government and popular backing, the bishops of the archdiocese proclaimed themselves to be an [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] church, styled the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]], to the protests of the patriarchate. The autocephaly of this church has not been recognized by any of the other Orthodox churches, who have broken off communion with it (though its laity are usually received into communion).

In 2002, at the invitation of the patriarchate, one of the bishops of the breakaway group, [[Jovan (Vraniskovski) of Ohrid|Jovan (Vraniskovski)]] (then Metropolitan of Veles and the Vardar Valley), came into union with the Serbian patriarchate, which thus reestablished its [[Autonomous Archdiocese of Ohrid]], which is the canonically recognized Orthodox church in the Republic of Macedonia. Tensions between the breakaway group and the patriarchate remain high, and Archbishop Jovan, who was made head of the autonomous archdiocese, was imprisoned for eighteen months by local authorities for allegedly criminal activities. The breakaway church has government backing, and so the activities of the autonomous archdiocese are subject to persecution by the authorities.

== Structure of the patriarchate ==
The supreme authority of the Serbian Orthodox Church is the Holy Assembly of Bishops, composed of all its bishops, who meet twice a year. A permanent synod of six members carries out the administration of the day-to-day affairs of the church. Over the years the Serbian church has had its primate located at several various locations. There have been 54 (44 in Pec) patriarchs in Serbia, and other major metropolitans.

The Serbian Orthodox Church is divided into 40 [[diocese]]s, each headed by its own metropolitan, archbishop, or bishop:

===Serbia ===
* '''Archdiocese of Belgrade and Sremski Karlovci''', with [[see]] in Belgrade (including Monastery of Pećka Patrijaršija)
'''diocesan:''' Patriarch Dr [[Pavle (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]]
'''coadjutors:''' Atanasije vicar Bishop of Hvostno, Antonije vicar Bishop of Moravice
* '''Diocese of Banat''', with see in Vršac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Nikanor (Bogunovic) of Banat|Nikanor]]
* '''Diocese of Backa''', with see in Novi Sad
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr Irinej
'''coadjutor:''' Vicar Bishop of Jegra
* '''Diocese of Branicevo''', with see in Požarevac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr [[Ignatije (Midic) of Pozarevac and Branicevo|Ignjatije]]
* '''Diocese of Vranje''', with see in Vranje
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Pahomije
* '''Diocese of Žica''', with see in monastery Žica near Kraljevo
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Hrizostom
* '''Diocese of Mileševa''', with see in Mileševa monastery
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Filaret
* '''Diocese of Niš''', with see in Niš
'''diocesan:''' [[Irinej (Gavrilovic) of Serbia|Bishop Irinej]] (Elected Patriarch on January 22, 2010)
* '''Diocese of Ras and Prizren''', with see in Prizren
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr Artemije
'''coadjutor:''' Teodosije vicar Bishop of Lipljan
* '''Diocese of Srem''', with see in Sremski Karlovci
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Vasilije
* '''Diocese of Timok''', with see in Zajecar
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr Justin
* '''Diocese of Šabac ''', with see in Šabac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Lavrentije
* '''Diocese of Šumadija''', with see in Kragujevac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Jovan
* '''Diocese of Valjevo''', with see in Valjevo (established in May 2006)
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[ Milutin (Knezevic) of Valjevo|Milutin]]

=== Montenegro ===

* '''Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral''', with see in Cetinje
'''diocesan:''' Metropoliten Dr [[Amfilohije (Radovic) of Momtenegro and Litoral|Amfilohije]]
'''coadjutor:''' Jovan vicar Bishop of Dioclea
* '''Diocese of Budimlje and Nikšic''', with see in Đurđevi Stupovi monastery near Berane
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Joanikije

=== Bosnia and Herzegovina ===
* '''Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosnia''', with see in Sarajevo
'''diocesan:''' Metropoliten Dr Nikolaj
* '''Diocese of Banja Luka''', with see in Banja Luka
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Jefrem]]
* '''Diocese of Bihac and Petrovac''', with see in Bosanksi Petrovac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Hrizostom
* '''Diocese of Zahumlje and Herzegovina''', with see in monastery Tvrdoš near Trebinje
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Grigorije
* '''Diocese of Zvornik and Tuzla''', with see in Bijeljina (temporarly, oficially see is in Tuzla )
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Vasilije

=== Croatia ===
* '''Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana''', with see in Zagreb; ''also encompasses Italy and all of Slovenia''
'''diocesan:''' Metropoliten Jovan
* '''Diocese of upper Karlovac''', with see in Karlovac
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Gerasim
* '''Diocese of Dalmatia''', with see in Šibenik
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr Fotije
* '''Diocese of Osjecko polje and Baranja''', with see in Dalj
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Lukijan
* '''Diocese of Slavonia''', with see in Daruvar
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Sava (Juric) of Slavonia|Sava]]

===Romania===
* '''Diocese of Timisoara''', with see in Timisoara

===Republic of Macedonia===
* '''Autonomous Archdiocese of Ohrid''', with see in Ohrid
'''diocesan:''' Archibishop Jovan '''coadjutor:''' Marko vicar Bishop of Dremevica and Administrator of Bitola
* '''Diocese of Polog-Kumanovo''', with see in Kumanovo
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Joakim

===Europe===
* '''Diocese of Britain and Scandinavia''', with see in Stockholm; ''encompasses parishes in Great Britain, Norway, Sweden and Denmark''
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dositej
* '''Diocese of Buda (Budim)''', with see in Sentandreja; ''encompasses Orthodox Serbs in Hungary''
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Lukijan
* '''[[Serbian Orthodox Diocese of France and Western Europe|Diocese of West Europe]]''', with see in Paris; ''encompasses Orthodox Serbs in France, Belgium, Netherlands and Spain''
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Luka (Kovacevic) of France and Western Europe|Luka]]
* '''Diocese of Central Europe''', with see in Himmelstühr monastery; ''encompasses Serb Orthodox faithful in Germany, Austria and Switzerland''
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Konstantin

===The Americas===
* '''Metropolitanate of Libertyville-Chicago''', with [[see]] at St. Sava Monastery in Libertyville, Illinois
'''diocesan:''' Patriarch [[Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia|Porfirije (Perić)]], Administrator
*'''Diocese of New Gracanica-Midwestern America, with see at the Monastery of New Gracanica
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Longin (Krco) of America and Canada|Longin (Krco)]]
* '''Diocese of East America''', with see at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr Mitrofan
* '''Diocese of West America''', with see at St. Stephen Cathedral in Alhambra, California
'''diocesan:''' Bishop Dr [[Maxim (Vasilijevic) of Western America|Maxim]]
* '''Diocese of Canada''', with see at St. Nicholas Cathedral in Hamilton, Ontario
'''diocesan:''' [[Georgije (Djokic) of Canada|Bishop Gorgije]]

===Australia and Oceania===
* '''[[Serbian Orthodox Church in Australia and New Zealand|Diocese of Australia and New Zealand]]''', with see in the New Kalenic Monastery, Hall (near Canberra).
'''diocesan:''' Bishop [[Irinej (Dobrijevic) of Australia and New Zealand|Irinej]]

Dioceses are further divided into [[deanery|deaneries]], each consisting of several church congregations and [[parish]]es. Church congregation consists of one or more parishes.

{{churches}}

==See also==
*[[List of Patriarchs of Serbia]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.spc.rs/ Church of Serbia] official website in Serbian and English
*[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=18&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 Eastern Christian Churches: The Orthodox Church of Serbia] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar

===Dioceses=== 
*[http://www.poa-info.org The Orthodox Archidiocese of Ochrid]
*[http://www.mitropolija.cg.yu/index.html Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Coastlands]
*[http://www.mitropolija-zagrebacka.org Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana]
*[http://www.eparhija-backa.org.yu Diocese of Backa]
*[http://www.spcbl.org Diocese of Banja Luka]
*[http://www.eparhijabihackopetrovacka.org Diocese of Bihac and Petrovac]
*[http://www.e-budimljansko-niksicka.cg.yu Diocese of Budimlje and Niksic]
*[http://www.istocnik.com/index.shtml Diocese of Canada]
*[http://www.serbische-diozese.org Diocese of Central Europe]
*[http://www.eparhija-dalmatinska.hr Diocese of Dalmatia]
*[http://www.easterndiocese.org Diocese of Eastern America]
*[http://www.eparhija-niska.org.yu Diocese of Nis]
*[http://www.eparhija-prizren.com/en Diocese of Raska-Prizren and Kosovo-Metohija]
*[http://www.eparhija-sumadijska.org.yu Diocese of Sumadija]
*[http://www.eparhija-timocka.org Diocese of Timok]
*[http://www.westsrbdio.org Diocese of Western America]
*[http://www.egliseorthodoxeserbe.org Diocese of Western Europe]

==Source==
*[http://www.serborth.org/administration.html The Serbian Orthodox Church in North & South America]

===Organizations===
*[http://www.covekoljublje.org/Default.shtml PHILANTHROPY]
*[http://www.bfspc.bg.ac.yu Theological Faculty of the Serbian Orthodox Church]

[[Category:Jurisdictions|Serbia]]

[[es:Iglesia Ortodoxa de Serbia]]
[[fr:Église de Serbie]]
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă Sârbă]]

List of Patriarchs of Serbia

2021-02-18T21:32:51Z

Magda: /* Patriarchs of Serbia, 1905-present */ added HH Porfirije - I am confused on the numbering; media says he is 46th, and we have two 43rds here...

'''List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of [[Church of Serbia|Serbia]]''' __NOTOC__

The [[synaxis]] of the Serbian hierarchs is celebrated on [[August 30]].

==Archbishops and Patriarchs of Žica and Peć==

===Archbishop of Žica, 1219-1233===
*St. [[Sava of Serbia|Sava I]] 1219-1233

===Archbishops of Peć, 1233-1337===
*St. [[Arsenius I (Sremac) of Pec|Arsenije I Sremac]] 1233-1263
*St. [[Sava II of Pec|Sava II of Peć]] 1263-1271
*Danilo I (Daniel I) 1271-1272
*St. [[Joannicius I of Pec|Joanikije I]] 1272-1276
**''vacant''
*St. [[Eustatius I of Pec|Jevstatije I]] 1279-1286
*St. Jakov 1286-1292 (James)
*St. [[Jevstatije II of Pec|Jevstatije II]] (Eustatius II), 1292-1309
*St. [[Sava III of Pec|Sava III]] 1309-1316
*St. [[Nikodemus I of Pec|Nikodim I]] 1316-1324
*St. [[Daniel II of Pec|Danilo II]] 1324-1337
*St. [[Joanicius II of Pec|Joanikije II]] 1337-1346 ''raised Patriarch 1346''

===Patriarchs of Peć, 1346-1766===
*1 St. [[Joanicius II of Pec|Joanikije II]] 1346-1354
*2 St. [[Sava IV of Pec|Sava IV]] 1354-1375
*3 St. [[Ephraem of Pec|Jefrem]] (''1st time'') 1375-1380
*4 St. [[Spyridon of Pec|Spiridon]] 1380-1389
*(3) St. Jefrem (''2nd time'') 1389-1390
*5 Danilo III (Daniel III) 1390-1396
*6 Sava V 1396-1407
*7 Danilo IV (Daniel IV) 1407
*8 Saint Kirilo I (Cyril I) 1407-1418
*9 Saint Nikon 1418-1435
*10 Teofan (Theophanes) 1435-1446
*11 Nikodim II (Nikodemus II) 1446-1453
*12 Arsenije II (Arsenius II) 1453-1459
**''vacant''
*(13) Jovan (John) 1508 (''Disputed'')
**''vacant''
*(14) Marko (Marc) 1524 ''locum tenens''
**''vacant''
*(15) [[Paul I of Pec|Pavle of Smederevo]] 1527-1535 ''disputed''
**''vacant''
*(16) Nikanor 1550-1557 ''disputed''
*13(17) St [[Makarije (Sokolovic) of Pec|Makarije Sokolović]] (Macarius) 1557-1570/71
*14(18) Antonije Sokolović (Antony) 1570/71-1575
*15(19) Gerasim Sokolović 1575-1585
*16(20) Savatije Sokolović (Savatius) 1585-1586
*17(21) Jerotej Sokolović (Hieroteos) 1586-1591
*18(22) Filip Sokolović (Philip) 1591-1592
*19(23) St.Jovan Kantul (John II) 1592-1613
*20(24) [[Paisius I of Pec|Pajsije I of Janjevo]] 1613-1647
*21(25) St. [[Gabriel I of Pec|Gavrilo I]] 1648-1655
*22(26) St. [[Maximus I of Pec|Maksim I of Skoplje]] 1655-1672
*23(27) [[Arsenius III (Carnojevic) of Pec|Arsenije III Crnojevic]] 1672-1690; later Metropolitan of Karlovci
*24(28) [[Kalinik I of Pec|Kalinik I]] (Callinicus I) 1693-1710
*25(29) Atanasije I (Athanasius I) 1711-1712
*26(30) Mojsije Rajović (Moses) 1712-1725
*27(31) [[Arsenius IV (Jovanovic-Sakabenta) of Pec|Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta]] 1725-1737; later Metropolitan of Karlovci
*28(32) [[Joanicius III of Constantinople|Joanikije III Karadža]] (Joannicius III) 1737-1746
*29(33) Atanasije II Gavrilović (Athanasius II) 1746-1752
*30(34) Gavrilo II Mihić Mihajlović (Gabriel II) 1752
*31(35) Gavrilo III Nikolin (Gabriel III) 1752-1758
*32(36) Vikentije I Stefanović (Vicentius I) 1758
*33(37) Pajsije II (Paisius II) 1758
*34(38) Gavrilo IV (Gabriel IV) 1758-1759
*35(39) Kirilo II (Cyril II) 1759-1763
*36(40) Vasilije Jovanović Brkic (Basil) 1763-1765
*37(41) Kalinik II (Callinicus II) 1765-1766

==Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Karlovci==

===Metropolitans of Krušedol, 1691-1716===
*[[Arsenius III (Carnojevic) of Pec|Arsenije III Crnojević]] 1691-1706; former Patriarch in Pec (1672-1691)
*Isaija (Đaković) (1708)
*Sofronije (Podgoričanin)(1710-1711)

===Metropolitans of Karlovci, 1708-1842===
*Vikentije (Popović Hadžilavić) (1713-1725) ''transfered see from Krušedol Monastery in Sremski Karlovci'' 1718
*Mojsije (Petrović) ''Metropolitan of Belgrade'' (1713-1730) and ''Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci'' (1726-1730)
*Vikentije (Jovanović) ''Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci'' (1731-1737)
*[[Arsenius IV (Jovanovic-Sakabenta) of Pec|Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta]] 1737-1748; former Patriarch in Peć (1725-1737)
*Pavle Nenadović (Paul) 1749-1768
**Danilo (''[[locum tenens]]'') 1768-1769
*Jovan Đorđević (John) 1768-1773
**Mojsije (''locum tenens'') 1773-1774
*Vikentije (Vicentius) 1774-1780
*Mojsije Putnik (Moses) 1780-1790
**Petar (''locum tenens'') 1790
*Stefan Stratimirović (Stephen ) 1790-1836
*Stefan Stanković (Stephen ) 1836-1841
**Georgije (''locum tenens'') 1841-1842
*Josif Rajačić (Joseph) 1842-1848 ''raised to Patriarch 1848''

===Patriarchs of Karlovci, 1848-1920===
*1 Josif Rajačić (Joseph) 1848-1861
*2 Samuilo Maširević (Samuel) 1863-1870
**Arsenije Stojkovic (''1st time'') (''locum tenens'') 1870-1872
**Nikanor Grujic (''locum tenens'') 1872-1874
**Arsenije Stojković (''2nd time'') (''locum tenens'') 1874
*3 Prokopije Ivačković (Procorpius) 1874-1879
*4 German Anđelić (Germanius) 1879-1888
*5 Georgije Branković (George) 1888-1907
*6 Lukijan Bogdanovic (Lucian) (1908-1913
**Miron Nikolic (''1st time'') (''locum tenens'') 1913
**Mihailo Grujic (''locum tenens'') 1913-1914
** Miron Nikolic (''locum tenens'' ''2nd time'') 1914-1919
** Georgije Letić (''locum tenens'') 1919-1920

==Metropolitans of Belgrade and Patriarchs of Serbia==

==Metropolitans of Belgrade, 1766-1905==
*Jeremija (Jeremiah) 1766-1784
*Dionisije I (Dionysius I) 1785-1791
*Metodije (Methodius) 1791-1801
*Leontije (Leontius) 1801-1813
**Hadži Milentije (''locum tenens'') 1810
*Dionisije II (Dionysius II) 1813-1815
**Melentije (''locum tenens'') 1815-1816
*[[Agathangelus I of Constantinople|Agatangel]] 1816-1825
*Kiril (Cyril) 1825-1827
*Anthimos (Antim) 1827-1830

===Autonomous Metropolitans of Belgrade and Principality of Serbia 1830-1879===

*Melentije Pavlović (Melentios) 1830-1833
*Petar Jovanović (Peter) 1833-1859

===Autocephalous Metropolitans of Belgrade and Kingdom of Serbia 1879-1905===

*Mihailo Jovanović (Michael) (''1st time'') 1859-1881
**Mojsije Veresić (''locum tenens'') 1881-1883
*Teodosije Mraović (Theodosius) 1883-1889
*Mihailo Jovanović (Michael) (''2nd time'') 1889-1898
*Inokentije Pavlović (Innocentius) 1898-1905
*[[Dimitrije (Pavlovic) of Serbia|Dimitrije Pavlović]] (Demetrius) 1905-1920 ''elected Patriarch of Serbia''

==Patriarchs of Serbia, 1905-present==
*38 [[Dimitrije (Pavlovic) of Serbia|Dimitrije Pavlović]] (Demetrius) 1920-1930
*39 [[Varnava (Rosic) of Serbia|Varnava Rosić]] (Barnabas) 1930-1937
**Dositej (''locum tenens'') 1937-1938)
*40 [[Gavrilo V (Dozic-Medenica) of Serbia|Gavrilo Dožić]] (Gabriel) 1938-1950
**Josif (''locum tenens'') 1941-1945
**Arsenije (''locum tenens'') 1950
*41 [[Vicentius (Prodanov) of Serbia|Vikentije Prodanov]] 1950-1958
**Hrizostom (''locum tenens'') 1958
*42 [[German of Serbia|German Đorić]] (Germanius) 1958-1990
**Jovan (''locum tenens'') 1990
*43 [[Pavle (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle Stojčević]] (Paul) 1990-2009
**Amfilohije (Radović) (''locum tenens'') 2009
*43 [[Irinej (Gavrilovic) of Serbia|Irinej (Gavrilovic)]] (Irenaeus) 2010-2020
*[[Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia|Porfirije (Perić)]] (Porphyry) 2021-present

== Patriarchal Succession ==

Patriarchs of Karlovci were not entered in Patriarchal dyptich. Also there are no entries between Arsenije II and St. Makarije. Confusion was made when Patriarch German was listed as the 53rd archbishop of Peć. Some foreign scholars counted many persons who never were actually patriarchs: (Marko, Jovan). Patriarch Pavle was the 43rd Serbian Patriarch and the 54th Primate of [[Church of Serbia]]. Patriarch Gavrilo Dožić was not entered as Gavrilo V, nor Patriarch Vikentije (Prodanov) as Vikentije II.

== See also ==

*[[List of Patriarchs]]

==External links==
*[http://www.kosovo.com/socheng2.html "Serbian Church In History"] by Very Reverend Dr. Radomir Popovic, including a list of Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs at the end
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/serbia.htm Hierarchical Succession of the Patriarchal See of Serbia] from the Orthodox Research Institute
*[[w:Patriarch of Serbia|''Patriarch of Serbia'' at Wikipedia]]

[[Category:Bishops|Serbia]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Serbia|*]]

[[fr:Liste des primats de l'Église de Serbie]]
[[ro:Listă a patriarhilor Serbiei]]

Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia

2021-02-18T21:30:06Z

Magda: God grant him many years!

His Holiness [[Patriarch]] '''Porfirije''' (Serbian: Патријарх Порфирије); born [[July 22]], 1961, is the 46th Patriarch of the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], the spiritual leader of Eastern Orthodox Serbs. His full title is His Holiness the [[Archbishop]] of Peć, [[Metropolitan]] of Belgrade and Karlovci, Serbian Patriarch Porfirije. Between 2014 and 2021, he served as the [[Metropolitan]] of Zagreb and Ljubljana. He speaks Greek, English, German, and Russian.

==Biography==
Porfirije was born '''Prvoslav Perić''' (Првослав Перић) in Bečej, Serbia, to Radojka and Radivoj Perić. He finished primary school in Čurug, and the Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj Grammar school in Novi Sad. He was [[ordain]]ed a [[monk]] according to the rite of small schema at [[Decani Monastery|Visoki Dečani monastery]] on [[April 21]], 1985, receiving the monastic name of Porfirije (from Greek: ''Πορφύριος, Porphýrios''; English: ''Porphyry'').

He earned a bachelor's degree in theology from the University of Belgrade in 1986, in which year Bishop [[Pavel (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]] of Raška and Prizren (future Serbian Patriarch) ordained him a hierodeacon at the Holy Trinity Monastery in Mušutište, Kosovo and Metochia. He attended postgraduate studies in Athens from 1986 to 1990.

Also in 1990, upon the blessing of Bishop Irinej of Backa, he joined the monastery of Holy Archangels in Kovilj, near Novi Sad, where he was ordained as hieromonk and became its abbot.

On [[May 14]], 1999, he was elected as Bishop of Jegar, Vicar of the Bishop of Backa.

He defended his Ph.D. thesis, ''Possibility of knowability of God in St. Paul's understanding according to the interpretation of Saint John Chrysostom'' at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Athens in 2004. He became a lecturer at the Faculty of Orthodox Theology, Department of Pastoral Psychology, succeeding famous psychiatrist, academician Dr. Vladeta Jerotic.

He was enthroned as Metropolitan of Zagreb-Ljubljana on [[July 13]], 2014, in the Cathedral Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Zagreb.

==Sources==
*[http://www.spc.rs/eng/biography_newlyelected_metropolitan_porfirije_zagrebljubljana Biography of newly-elected Metropolitan Porfirije of Zagreb-Ljubljana]
*[http://www.spc.rs/eng/biography_archbishop_pec_metropolitan_belgradekarlovci_and_serbian_patriarch_porfirije_peric Biography of Archbishop of Pec, Metropolitan of Belgrade-Karlovci and Serbian Patriarch Porfirije (Peric)]

==External links==
*[http://www.spc.rs/eng Serbian Orthodox Church]
*[http://mitropolija-zagrebacka.org/ Metropolis of Zagreb-Ljubljana]

{{start box}}
{{succession
| before = ?
| title = Bishop of Jegar (Vicar of the Bishop of Backa)
| years= 1999 - 2014
|after=Jeronim (Močević)}}
{{succession
| before = Jovan (Pavlović)
| title = Metropolitan of Zagreb-Ljubljana
| years= 2014 - 2021
|after=?}}
{{succession
| before = [[Irinej (Gavrilović) of Serbia|Irenej]]
| title = [[List of Patriarchs of Serbia|Patriarch of Serbia]]
| years= 2021 - present
|after=''incumbent''}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Jegar]]
[[Category:Bishops of Zagreb-Ljubljana]]
[[Category:Bishops of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Serbia]]

Irinej (Gavrilović) of Serbia

2021-02-18T21:16:14Z

Magda: /* External links */ successor

[[Patriarch]] '''Irinej''' (Serbian: Патријарх Иринеј; born [[August 28]], 1930 in Vidova, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, reposed [[November 20]], 2020 in Belgrade, Serbia) is the 45th Patriarch of the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], the spiritual leader of Eastern Orthodox Serbs, since [[January 23]] 2010<ref>[http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2010&mm=01&dd=22&nav_category=12&nav_id=405930 Vladika niški Irinej novi patrijarh]</ref><ref name=MaC>[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1527595.php/PROFILE-Serbia-s-new-patriarch-Irinej-a-traditionalist-and-diplomat Profile: Serbia's new Patriarch Irinej, a Traditionalist and Diplomat] </ref>. His full title is His Holiness the [[Archbishop]] of Peć, [[Metropolitan]] of Belgrade and Karlovci, Serbian Patriarch Irinej. Between 1975 and 2010, he served as the [[Bishop]] of Niš<ref>Eparchy of Niš: [http://www.eparhija-niska.rs/Istorija/Ropstvo.html Нишка Епархија од пада у Турско ропство до данас] </ref>.

==Biography==
===Early life===
Irinej was born '''Miroslav Gavrilović''' (Мирослав Гавриловић). After graduating from high school, he enrolled and completed Orthodox [[seminary]] in Prizren. He then entered the Theological Faculty in Belgrade, serving in the army after graduating. After military service, he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] in 1959 in [[Rakovica monastery]], receiving the [[monasticism|monastic]] name of Irinej (Irenaeus)<ref name=SoC/>. He was a professor at Prizren Seminary, and completed postgraduate studies in Athens. In 1969, he was appointed a head of the monastic school at [[Ostrog Monastery|Ostrog monastery]]. He later returned to Prizren, where he was appointed [[Rector]] of the Prizren Seminary in 1969.<ref name=SoC/>

===As a religious leader===
In May 1974, Irinej was elected [[Vicar]] [[Bishop]] of Moravica and [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] by [[Patriarch]] [[German (Đorić) of Serbia|German]]. In May 1975, he was elected Bishop of Niš and [[enthronement|enthroned]] in the [[Holy Trinity Cathedral (Niš)|Holy Trinity Cathedral]] on [[June 15 ]]1975.<ref name=SoC>[http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=1278&lang=srl Episkop niški IRINEJ (Gavrilović)]publisher Serbian Orthodox Church(Serbian)</ref><ref>[http://www.nis.co.yu/manastiri_i_crkve_grada_nisa/tekst/Irinej%20Gavrilovic.html ИРИНЕЈ ГАВРИЛОВИЋ] on www.nis.co.yu </ref> Irinej headed the Niš [[eparchy]] for the next 35 years.

On [[January 22]], 2010, he was elected the 45th Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church<ref>[http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/25173/ Bishop Irinej Is New Serbian Orhodox Patriarch] Barlovac, Bojana 22 January 2010 ''Balkan Insight'' </ref><ref>[http://www.sofiaecho.com/2010/01/22/846734_bishop-of-nis-elected-new-serbian-patriarch Bishop of Nis elected new Serbian patriarch] January 22 2010 ''The Sofia Echo'' </ref>, after the death of previous Patr. [[Pavel (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]]. He was one of the three candidates with the most votes from the 45 bishops eligible in the Serbian Orthodox Church, along with former [[locum tenens]] (interim leader) [[Amfilohije Radović]] and [[Irinej Bulović]].<ref>{[http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jxsx5C8r9mtAc31SVtHkpY5TsQdg Irinej, a moderate, elected as Serbian Orthodox Church leader] Stojanovic, Dusan 22 January 2010, The Canadian Press </ref> In the final phase, his name was pulled from a sealed envelope. In this way, the Serbian Orthodox Church believes the patriarch is elected by divine intervention, sidelining human interests.<ref>[http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/305236,serbian-church-promotes-bishop-irinej-to-new-patriarch--summary.html Serbian church promotes Bishop Irinej to new patriarch]</ref> He was enthroned on [[January 23]], 2010 in [[St. Michael's Cathedral (Belgrade)|St. Michael's Cathedral]].<ref>[http://spc.rs/eng/enthronement_patriarch_irinej_serbia Enthronement of Patriarch Irinej of Serbia] access date 22 January 2010 </ref>

Irinej has been considered, both abroad and at home, as a moderate [[traditionalist]], open to global inter-religious dialogue.<ref>[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/wires.php?id=3468101_serbia-patriarch-belgrade-serbia-moderate-bishop-irinej-elected-as-serbian-orthodox-church-leader Moderate bishop Irinej elected as Serbian Orthodox Church leader] ''January 22 2010 Daily News and Economic Review'' Turkey </ref> In an interview, Irinej indicated he would not oppose the first-ever visit by the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] to Serbia in 2013 as part of celebrations of the 1,700th anniversary of the [[Edict of Milan]], the law under which Roman emperor [[Constantine I|Constantine]], who was born in Niš, ended the persecution of [[Christians]]. Irinej said that "there is the wish of the Pope" for a meeting in Niš and that it would be a chance "not just for a meeting, but for a dialogue".<ref name=MaC/><ref>[http://b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2010&mm=01&dd=21&nav_category=12&nav_id=405665 Irinej: Papa u Srbiji 2013. godine?]</ref> <ref>[http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=01&dd=26&nav_id=64769 Pope's visit would be welcomed by the SPC ''Beta'', ''Tanjug'']. Retrieved 26 January 2010</ref>

Patriarch Irinej reposed on November 20th, 2020 due to COVID-19, two weeks after testing positive for the coronavirus.

==References==
<references/>
==Source==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Irinej_of_Serbia&oldid=340233248 Wikipedia]
==External links==
*[http://www.spc.rs/eng Serbian Orthodox Church]

{{start box}}
{{succession
| before = ?
| title = Bishop of Moravica
| years= 1974 - 1975
|after=?}}
{{succession
| before = ?
| title = Bishop of Niš
| years= 1975 - 2010
|after=?}}
{{succession
| before = [[Pavel (Stojcevic) of Serbia|Pavle]]
| title = [[List of Patriarchs of Serbia|Patriarch of Serbia]]
| years= 2010 - 2020
|after=[[Porfirije (Perić) of Serbia|Porfirije]]}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Moravice]]
[[Category:Bishops of Niš]]
[[Category:Bishops of Belgrade]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Serbia]]

Akathist

2020-02-08T19:01:55Z

Magda: /* Relating to Saints */Rm link (by St. Romanos, not for him)

An '''akathist''' (Greek, ''akathistos'') is a [[hymn]] dedicated to a [[saint]], [[Great Feasts|holy event]], or one of the persons of the [[Holy Trinity]]. The word ''akathist'' itself means "not sitting." The akathist ''par excellence'' is that written in the 6th century to the [[Theotokos]]. In its use as part of the Salutations to the Theotokos service (used in the Byzantine tradition during [[Great Lent]]), it is often known by its Greek or Arabic names, '''''Chairetismoi''''' and '''''Madayeh''''', respectively.

The writing of akathists (occasionally spelled ''acathist'') continues today as part of the general composition of an [[akolouthia]], especially in the Slavic tradition, although not all are widely known nor translated beyond the original language. Isaac E. Lambertsen  has done a large amount of translation work, including many different akathists. Most of the newer akathists are pastiche, that is, a generic form imitating the original 6th century akathist into which a particular saint's name is inserted.

There is more than one [[icon]] "of the Akathist": the [[Chilandari Monastery (Athos)|Hilandar]] icon ([[January 12]]), the [[Dionysiou Monastery (Athos)|Dionysiou]] icon ([[March 27]] and Fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]), and the [[Zographou Monastery (Athos)|Zographou]] icon ([[October 10]]).
{{Services}}
==Structure==
The [[Trisagion Prayers]] are often said as a prelude to the akathist hymn. The akathist hymn itself is divided into thirteen parts, each of which has a [[kontakion]] and an [[oikos]]. The kontakion usually ends with the exclamation: "Alleluia!" Within the latter part of the oikos comes an anaphoric entreaty, such as "Come!" or "Rejoice!" The thirteenth kontakion (which does not have a corresponding ikos) is usually followed by the repetition of the first ikos and kontakion. After the thirteen kontakia and ikoi, additional prayers are added, such as a [[troparion]] and another kontakion. In some akathists, [[Psalms]] are also included.

==Akathists==

===Relating to the Trinity===

'''Akathist to'''

*the [[Holy Trinity]]
*[[Jesus|Our Lord, the Most Sweet Jesus]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_christ.shtml 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_en.htm 2], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_CC.html 3], [http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/akswjs.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Suloisimmalle_Herrallemme_Jeesukselle_Kristukselle.htm 5] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cnen.htm 6] (Chinese and English), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cn.htm 7] (Chinese)
*Jesus Christ for a Loved One who has Fallen Asleep
*the [[Passion|Divine Passion of Christ]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_passion.shtml 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_Jumalallisille_Karsimyksille.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_cn.htm 4] (Chinese)
*Jesus, Light to those in Darkness - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/articles/Lawrence.Akathist_To_Jesus.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistlight.html 2]
*the [[Holy Spirit]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Hengelle.htm] (Finnish)

===Relating to the Theotokos===

[[Image:Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos icon.jpg|right|frame|Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos]]

When the word ''akathist'' is used alone, it most commonly refers to the original hymn by this name, the 6th century Akathist to the [[Theotokos]], attributed to St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (though this attribution is hotly debated). This hymn is often split into four parts and sung at the "Salutations to the Theotokos" service on the first four Friday evenings in [[Great Lent]]; the entire Akathist is then sung on the fifth Friday evening. Traditionally it is included in the [[Orthros]] of the fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]. In [[monastery|monasteries]] of [[Mount Athos|Athonite]] tradition, the whole Akathist is usually inserted nightly at [[Compline]].

The four sections into which the Akathist is divided correspond to the themes of the [[Annunciation]], [[Nativity]], [[Christ]], and the [[Theotokos]] herself.

The hymn itself forms an alphabetical acrostic—that is, each ''oikos'' ("house," possibly from the Syriac terminology) begins with a letter of the Greek alphabet, in order—and it consists of twelve long and twelve short oikoi. Each of the long oikoi include a seven-line stanza followed by six couplets, employing rhyme, assonance, and alliteration, beginning with the word ''Chaire'' (translated as either "Hail!" or "Rejoice!") and ending with the refrain, "Hail, Bride without bridegroom!" In the short oikoi, the seven-line stanza is followed by the refrain, "[[Alleluia]]!"

The Salutations to the Theotokos service, often known by its Greek name, the ''Chairetismoi'' (from the ''Chaire!'' so often used in the hymn), consists of [[Compline]] with the Akathist hymn inserted. It is known in Arabic as the ''Madayeh''.

'''Akathist of the'''
*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Protection of the Mother of God|Protection (or Covering) of the Theotokos]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistprotection.html 1]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

'''Akathist to the'''
*'''Holy Virgin Theotokos''' (by St. Roman the Melodist)
:English - [http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/08/akathist-to-the-theotokos/ 1], [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_theotokos.shtml 2], [http://www.stsymeon.com/akathist.html 3], [http://www.goarch.org/en/Chapel/liturgical_texts/vaporis_akathist.asp 4], [http://www.bright.net/~palamas/CyberPsaltiri/Triodion/FriSalutations.htm 5], [http://www.stirene.org/library/liturgical_akathist.html 6], [http://www.orthodoxchristian.info/pages/Akathist.htm 7], [http://www.pomog.org/akathist.shtml 8], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/akathis.html 9], [http://www.gocanada.org/liturgicaltexts/akathist.htm 10], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/m_akathist_e.htm 11], [http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF 12] (PDF), [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-the-theotokos.pdf 13] (PDF)
:Other - [http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/mere-de-dieu/md-acathiste.htm 14] (French), [http://vi06n140.members.eunet.at/ugcc/eunet_02/AkathistosDt.pdf 15] (German-PDF), [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/spanish/akathisto_virgen.htm 16] (Spanish) [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Jumalansynnyttajalle.htm 17] (Finnish)
*Burning Bush of the Theotokos - [http://www.ocadow.org/music/akathist_socal_1007.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/ac15.html 2] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos "Keeper of the Portal" of [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iviron]] - [http://orthodoxhawaii.org/files/Services/Original-Iveron-Akathist.pdf 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/iviron.html 2], [http://akafisty.ru/download/akafist/03/akafist-pdf-045.pdf 3] (Slavonic), [http://sfantulmunteathos.wordpress.com/2012/01/24/acatistul-maicii-domnului-portarita/ 4] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos, Myrrh-streaming Montreal-Iveron Icon - [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_eng.pdf 1], [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_rus.pdf 2] (Slavonic)
*Theotokos of All Protection - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/protection.html 1]

'''Akathist to the Theotokos,'''
*All-Venerable Abbess to Monasteries of the Entire World
*Daughter of Zion - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistzion.html 1]
*the Deliverer
*the Door-keeper
*the Enricher of the Harvest
*the Inexhaustible Cup - [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/services/akathist_inexhaustible_cup.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/inexhaustible.html 2], [http://www.antiochian.org/1103412970 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_Jumalan%C3%A4idin_ehtym%C3%A4t%C3%B6n_malja_-ikonille Finnish]
*[[Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow|Joy of All Who Sorrow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistjoyofall.html 1]
*the Milkgiver
*Nurturer of Children - [http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/NuturerofChildren.htm 1]
*Our Lady of Sitka - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/Akathist-text.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Port Arthur Mother of God - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/pdf/Akathist-PortArthurMotherOfGod-English.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/98akafist-portarthuricon_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Queen of All (Pantanassa, or "Healer of Cancer") - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/pantanassa.html 1], [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/AKATHIST%20TO%20THE%20MOTHER%20OF%20GOD--Healer%20of%20Cancer02.htm 2]
*Spring of Healing
*Swift to Aid
*Unexpected Joy 

'''Akathist to the Theotokos for''' Reconciliation

'''Akathist to the Theotokos at her'''
*[[Kursk Root Icon|Wonder-working Kursk Root Icon of the Sign]] - [http://eadiocese.org/Orthodoxy/Akathist.kursk.icon.pdf 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistinnok-irkust_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Icon [[Assuage My Sorrows]] (or "[[Stay of Our Sorrows]]")
*Weeping Icon of Boian (Bojan)
*Icon of Felixstowe - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akafmog.htm 1]
*[[Theotokos of Tikhvin|Wonder-working Icon of Tikhvin]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/tikhviniconakathist.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistTikhvin.htm 2] (Church Slavonic)
*Wonder-working Icon of Crasna
*Icon of Seven Arrows (Icon of the Prophecy of Simeon)
*Icon "Theotokos of the Sign" at Novgorod
*Feodorovskaya Icon
*Pochaev (Pochayevskaya) Icon
*Kiev Caves Icon
*Kozelshchanskaya Icon
*Smolensk Icon
*Tikhvin Icon
*Vladimir Icon

===Relating to the [[Great Feasts]]===

'''Akathist of the'''

*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Holy Cross]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_LL.html 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistcross.html 2], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akathist_to_the_Spiritual_Ladder%2C_the_Precious_Cross 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_hengelliselle_portaalle%2C_kalliille_ristille 4] (Finnish)
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Nativity|Nativity of Christ]] - [http://www.sjkp.org/downloads/AkNativity.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_syntymalle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

===Relating to Saints===
Singular - '''Akathist to St.'''

*[[Alexander of Svir]] (Syväri) - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittaja_Aleksanteri_Syvarilaiselle_2.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Alexander Nevsky]]
*Alexis, Man of God
*[[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/servalex.htm 1]
*[[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] - [http://stephenhowanetz.tripod.com/PDF%20FILES/Miscellaneous%20Mixed%20PDF/Akathist%20to%20St%20Alexis%20of%20Wilkes%20Barre.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Anthony Dymsky - [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistDymsky.htm 1] (Church Slavonic)
*[[Anthony the Great]]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/arsenius_of_konevits.htm Arsenius of Konevits] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Arseni_Konevitsalaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Brendan the Navigator]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrbrendan.htm 1] (French)
*[[Chad of Lichfield]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akatchad.htm 1]
*[[Columba of Iona]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrcolomba.htm 1] (French)
*[[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akacuthbert.htm 1]
*[[David|David the Prophet, King of Israel]] - [http://akafist.narod.ru/D/David.htm 1]
*[[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]]
*Dimitri Basarabov
*[[Elijah|Elijah the Prophet]]
*[[Elizabeth the New Martyr]] (Grand Duchess) - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathisttoelizabeth.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/elizabeth.html 2], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_ru.htm 4] (Russian)
*[[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Trophy-bearer and Great Martyr]]
*[[Gregory Palamas]]
*[[Guthlac of Crowland]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akaguth.htm 1]
*[[Herman of Alaska]] - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/liturgical/StHermanAkathist-FullPage.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Ignaty Brianchovich - [http://www.podvorje.orthodoxy.ru/English/Service/StIgnAkf.htm 1]
*[[Innocent of Alaska]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/innocent.html 1], [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/stinnocentakathist.pdf 2] (PDF)
*[[Jacob Netsvetov|Jacob of Alaska]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/July/stjacobakathist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John Chrysostom]] - [http://chrysostom1600.org/sjc1600/akathist/ 1], [http://www.antiochian.org/system/files/Akathist+to+St+John+Chrysostom.pdf 2] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_pyh%C3%A4lle_Johannes_Krysostomokselle%2C_Konstantinopolin_arkkipiispalle Finnish]
*[[John the Forerunner]] - [http://www.osjknights.com/3%20Prayers/Akathist%20to%20Saint%20John%20the%20Baptist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John the Theologian]]
*[[John of Kronstadt]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Johannes_Kronstadtilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] - [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathiststjohn_en.htm 1], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/st_john_service.htm#akathist 2]
*[[John the New of Suceava]]
*[[Joseph the Betrothed]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_joosef_kihlaajalle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Juliana of Lazarevo - [http://stjulianalazarevo.org/akathist_hymn.html 1]
*[[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea]][http://www.kerpc.ru/sacred/luka/molitv 1]
*[[Mary Magdalene]]
*[[Maximus Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the Lemko people 
*[[Menas the Wonder-worker]]
*[[Nektarios of Pentapolis]] - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-st-nektarios-of-aegina.pdf 1] -(PDF),[http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/11/akathist-st-nektarios-aegina/ 2],[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnectarios.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nektariokselle.htm 2] -(Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Myra]] - [http://www.sainthermanchurch.org/Images_files/Akathist%20to%20our%20Father%20Among%20the%20Saints.doc 1] (DOC), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Nikolaokselle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Japan]]
*[[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II, Tsar and Emperor of All Russia, the Passion-bearer]] - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathist.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/nicholas.html 2]
*Nilus, Wonder-worker of Sora - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnilus.html 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nil_sorskille.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Panteleimon]] - [http://stbarnabasonline.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=32 1] (PDF)
*[[Paraskevi]]
*[http://jonathanscorner.com/philaret/ Philaret the Merciful]
*Philothea
*[[Raphael of Brooklyn]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/pa3/straphaelcanonized/hymns/BRAkathist.htm 1], [http://www.networks-now.net/litresswraoc/SVCRaphaelAkathist.htm 2]
*[[Romanos the Melodist]]
*[[Seraphim of Sarov]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisa_Serafim_Sarovilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot, Apostle and Evangelist]]
*[[Spyridon of Trimythous]]
*[[Tikhon of Moscow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/tikhon.html 1]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/tryphon_of_pechenga.htm Trifon (Tryphon) of Pechenga (Petsamo)] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Trifon_Petsamolaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Autuaalle_Ksenia_Pietarilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)

Plural - '''Akathist to'''

*All Saints [http://www.parohia-precupetii-vechi.ro/acatist.htm 1] (Romanian)
*the Chinese martyr saints who died in the Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion - [http://www.asna.ca/resources/akathist-chinese-martyrs-1900.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistmartyrs_en.htm 2]
*to all the Saints that shone forth in the lands of the West - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/aka.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/akatist.pdf 2] (PDF-Romanian)
*Ss. [[Joachim and Anna]] [http://www.churchofourlady.org/Documents/Akathist%20-%20Joachim%20and%20Anna%20(English).pdf] (includes music)
*Ss. [[Apostle Peter|Peter]] and [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] - [http://www.peterandpaul.net/akathist-saints-peter-paul]
*Ss. [http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/sergius_and_herman_of_valaam.htm Sergei and Herman] of Valaam - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisillemme_Sergeille_ja_Hermanille.htm 1] (Finnish)

Local/Diocesan Saints

*Akathist to [[Seraphim Rose]] - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-frseraphim.html 1]
*Akathist to [[Paisios (Eznepidis)|Paisius the Athonite]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akapaisius.htm 1]

===Relating to Angels===

'''Akathist to the'''

*Holy Archangel Michael - [http://cs-people.bu.edu/butta1/akathistarchangelmichael.htm 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_arkkienkeli_Mikaelille.htm 2] - (Finnish)
*Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel
*Guardian Angel

===Other Akathists===
*Akathist for [[Eucharist|Holy Communion]] - [http://www.stvladimirs.ca/library/akathist-holy-communion.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_ehtoolliselle_valmistauduttaessa.htm 2] (Finnish)
*Akathist to the Tomb and the Resurrection of the Lord - [http://gnisios.narod.ru/aktomb.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_elamaa_kantavalle_haudalle.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathisttomb.html 3]
*Akathist to the Resurrection of Christ [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolleista_nousseelle_Kristukselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Akathist "Glory to God for All Things" or "of Thanksgiving" - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-thanksgiving-glory-to-god-for-all-things.pdf 1], [http://www.saintjonah.org/services/thanksgiving.htm 2], [http://www.orthodox.net/akathists/akathist-thanksgiving.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akathist_of_thanksgiving.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_luomakunnalle_3.htm 5] (Finnish)
:The Akathist is often attributed to [[Priest]] Gregory Petrov who died in a Soviet prison camp in 1940, but also to [[Metropolitan]] Tryphon (Prince Boris Petrovich Turkestanov) +1934. The title is from the words of St. [[John Chrysostom]] as he was dying in exile. It is a song of praise from amidst the most terrible sufferings.
*Akathist in Praise of God's Creation (by Metropolitan Tryphon (Turkestanov)) - [http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8228.asp 1]
*Akathist for the Repose of the Departed - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-repose.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolonuneen_nukkuneiden_puolesta.htm 2] (Finnish)

==External links==
===About===
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/akathist-rubrics.html Akathist Rubrics]
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/order-for-reading-canons.html The order for reading canons and akathists when alone]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/order.htm How to Read Canons and Akathists when praying alone]
*[http://www.dormitionorthodoxchurch.org/heavenlyladder1_4.pdf The Akathist Hymn] by Fr. Luke Hartung
*[http://home.it.net.au/~jgrapsas/pages/Akathist.htm Akathist with a brief outline]
*[http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF Akathist] PDF, with western notation
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=17 5th Saturday of Great Lent of the Akathist to the Theotokos] ([[OCA]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100161 Icon of the Mother of God of the Akathist], January 12 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100918 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist"], March 27 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102935 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist" of the Zographou Monastery], October 10 (OCA)

===Collections===
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/akathists.htm Akathists and Canons, online]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathists.html Akathists]

===Other languages===
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/kirkkomusiikki/akatistos.htm Akathists in Finnish]
*[http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/index.html Akathists in Romanian]
*[http://akafist.narod.ru/ Akathists in Russian]

===Other traditions===
*[http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/2005/akathist.htm Akathists For All Occasions: Praying from East to West] by Alexander Roman (Greek Catholic)
*[http://hometown.aol.com/dangellbrown/akathistjoseph.html Akathist to St. Joseph the Betrothed] (Byzantine Catholic)

===Multimedia===
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/multimedia/audio.asp?videoTitle=The%20Akathist%20Hymn&location=/en/services/akathist/eikona/akathist_MSTR.mov Akathist Hymn] (MOV; sound file) chanted by [[Eikona]]
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/chant/akathist/index_html Learn to Chant: The Service of the Salutations to the Most Holy Theotokos] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://www.orthodoxmusic.ru/alb71.e.AKATHIST_TO_THE_DERZHAVNAYA_ICON.html?request_id=53 Akathist to the Derzhavnaya Icon of the Mother of God] CD for sale with sample mp3 tracks

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Hymnography]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

[[el:Ακάθιστος Ύμνος]]
[[es:Acatisto]]
[[fr:Acathiste]]
[[ro:Acatist]]

Presentation of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Marshfield, Missouri)

2020-02-05T21:31:43Z

Magda: Magda moved page Presentation of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Marshfield, Missouri) to Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Weatherby, Missouri): monastery moved and changed its name

#REDIRECT [[Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Weatherby, Missouri)]]

Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Weatherby, Missouri)

2020-02-05T21:31:43Z

Magda: Magda moved page Presentation of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Marshfield, Missouri) to Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Weatherby, Missouri): monastery moved and changed its name

{{monastery|
name=Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery|
jurisdiction=New Gracanica and Midwestern America, [[Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America|Serbian]]|
type=Female Monastery|
founded=2006|
superior=Abbess Sergia|
size=1 nun|
language=English|
hq=Weatherby, MO|
music=—|
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|
feasts=[[November 21]]|
website=[https://www.archangelmichaelskete.org/ Official website]
}}
'''Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery''' is a [[monastic]] community for women in the Diocese of New Gracanica and Midwestern America, in the [[Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America]]. It had been the Presentation of the Virgin Mary Monastery in Marshfield, MO, in the [[Diocese of the Midwest (OCA)|Diocese of the Midwest]] in the [[Orthodox Church in America]], until the nuns, having increased in age, relocated to live at the same campus as the Holy Archangel Michael and All Angels Skete and the St. Xenia Sisterhood in Weatherby, MO, and by 2018 had also moved under the omophor of His Grace Bishop [[Longin (Krčo) of New Gracanica and Midwestern America|Longin]] of the Diocese of New Gracanica and Midwestern America.

The community was founded September 15, 1998, in Ohio under the auspices of His Grace [[Bishop]] [[Job (Osacky) of Chicago|Job]] of Chicago and the Midwest (now [[Archbishop]]), and in 2006 moved to Marshfield, Missouri, with the gift of land and as a response to the [[laity|lay]] desire to have a monastic presence in southern Missouri.






==External links==
*[https://www.archangelmichaelskete.org/ Website of Holy Archangel Michael and All Angels Skete]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110223165856/http://www.presentationmonastery.org:80/ Former monastery website] ''archive''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624224458/http://oca.org/parishes/oca-mw-canphv OCA Listing of Monastery] ''archive''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080916054317/http://omna.malf.net/presentation.html Orthodox Monasteries of North America directory listing] ''archive''
*[https://www.localprayers.com/US/Marshfield/629917433685677/Presentation-of-the-Virgin-Mary-Orthodox-Monastery Notice of the move from Marshfield to Weatherby, December 23, 2017]

[[Category:Monasteries]]
[[Category:American Monasteries]]
[[Category:Serbian Monasteries]]

Protection of the Virgin Mary Monastery (Weatherby, Missouri)

2020-02-05T21:31:14Z

Magda: monastery moved, changed name; updated broken links

Alexander (Golitzin) of Dallas, the South and the Bulgarian Diocese

2020-02-05T20:59:29Z

Magda: bishop to archbishop in 2017

[[Image:Fr.-Golitzin-1.jpg|thumb|His Grace, Bishop Alexander (Golitzin)|200px]]
His Eminence, the Most Reverend '''Alexander (Golitzin)''' (secular name '''Alexander George Golitzin''', {{lang-ru|Александр Юрьевич Голицын}}) is archbishop of the [[Diocese of the South (OCA)|Dallas, the South]] and ruling bishop of the [[Bulgarian Diocese (OCA)|Bulgarian Diocese]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]].

He has also served as ''locum tenens'' of the [[Diocese of Washington (OCA)|Archdiocese of Washington, D.C.]] and the [[Diocese of the Midwest (OCA)|Diocese of the Midwest]].

Bishop Alexander is the second ruling bishop of the OCA's Bulgarian Diocese. He succeeded His Eminence, the late [[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Archbishop Kyrill (Yonchev)]], who had overseen the diocese from 1964 to 2007.

On [[March 29]], 2016, Bp. Alexander was elected to fill the vacant See of Dallas and the South, succeeding His Eminence, the late [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]]. He was enthroned on [[June 11]], 2016. In 2017, he was elevated to the rank of archbishop.

== Life ==
A descendant of the [[w:House of Golitsyn|Golitzin princely family]], Alexander George Golitzin was born on May 27, 1948, in Burbank, California. He studied at the University of California at Berkeley, where he received the B.A. in English in 1970, before earning the M.Div. at [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Seminary]] in Crestwood, New York, in 1973. The future bishop spent seven years in doctoral studies at Oxford University, where he earned the D.Phil. in Theology in 1980. His dissertation on [[Dionysius the Areopagite]] was written under the direction of Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]. In the final years of his doctoral studies, he spent a year at [[Simonopetra Monastery (Athos)|Simonos Petras Monastery]] on [[Mount_Athos|Mount Athos]], where he became a disciple of [[Aimilianos_%28Vafeidis%29|Elder Aimilianos]]. After his doctoral studies he returned to the United States, where he was ordained to the [[Deacon|diaconate]] on January 23, 1982, and to the [[Presbyter|priesthood]] on February 26, 1984. Father Alexander received the monastic tonsure from Elder Aimilianos at Simonos Petras in 1986. He was later elevated to the rank of [[igumen]] and, on the day of his election to the episcopate, to the rank of [[archimandrite]].

== Teaching and Scholarship ==
Bishop Alexander is a noted scholar. He contributed, together with Fr. Michael Prokurat, to the establishment of an Orthodox scholarly presence in Berkeley, CA (now the [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]]). From 1989 until 2012 he taught [[patristics]] at Marquette University in Milwaukee, WI, as assistant professor, associate professor, and eventually full professor. His research concerns the beginnings of Christian mystical and ascetical traditions, and their subsequent developments in the Greek- and Syriac-speaking East, with a particular interest in continuities and parallels with, respectively, Second Temple Judaism and Rabbinic Judaism. His work on the Christian ascetical and mystical tradition attracted a number of doctoral students from Russia, Romania, and Serbia, with whom he began the scholarly project known as the Theophaneia School[http://www.amazon.com/Theophaneia-School-Scrinium-Eccl%C3%82%C2%82siastique-Eccl%C2%82siastique/dp/1607240831#reader_1607240831].

== Pastoral Work ==
While in California, Fr. Alexander was active in missionary work. In Milwaukee, he assisted the [[Orthodox Christian Fellowship]] at Marquette University, and was attached to [[Ss. Cyril and Methodius Church (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)|Ss. Cyril & Methodius Orthodox Church]]. He preached, taught, heard confessions, and assisted in the liturgical and pastoral work. Moreover, for several years he also served major services at the St. John Chrysostom monastery in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin.

Igumen Alexander was nominated for the vacant See of Toledo and the Bulgarian Diocese at the Fifth Diocesan Congress-Sobor held in Toledo, OH, on Saturday, [[July 9]], 2011. On [[October 4]], 2011, the members of the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Orthodox Church in America canonically elected Father Alexander to the vacant see, also raising him to the rank of archimandrite. On Saturday, [[May 5]], 2012, he was consecrated to the episcopacy during a Hierarchical Divine Liturgy at Saint George Orthodox Cathedral in Rossford, OH.

In his address prior to the ordination, Bishop-elect Alexander said:
:When standing before the holy altar at the anaphora, the bishop images forth the one and unique High Priest—Christ—Who acts through His celebrant. While it is true that our Lord Jesus is true God and true King, it is also true that He did not come to us, His creatures, with the pomp and splendor of the King, attended by the legions of heaven, but rather in humility He emptied Himself and was found in the likeness of a servant. These are very different images: the first set revelatory of the splendor of heaven, and the second of the humility, long-suffering, and charity of our Lord’s life and ministry. … I must keep this difference firmly in mind throughout my life as bishop, by which I mean the glory of the liturgical iconography should have no place in my office and day-to-day demeanor. My actions, my patterns of speech, my service in short, is to be determined by the example given us by God the Word Himself. [http://oca.org/news/headline-news/archimandrite-alexander-golitzin-consecrated-bishop-of-toledo-and-the-bulga]

On July 9, 2012, the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Orthodox Church in America named the newly-consecrated Bishop Alexander as ''locum tenens'' of the Archdiocese of Washington, D.C., a role he discharged until November 13 of the same year. He was later appointed by the Holy Synod ''locum tenens'' of the [[Diocese of the Midwest (OCA)|Diocese of the Midwest]], serving in this capacity from April 15, 2013, to December 27, 2014.

== Public Lectures ==
* [http://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/svsvoices/force_your_mind_to_descend_into_the_heart "Force Your Mind to Descend into the Heart": Some Resemblances between Byzantine Hesychasm and Merkavah Mysticism] (Second Annual Meyendorff Lecture at SVOTS on September 14, 2014)

== Writings ==
'''Books:'''
* ''Mistagogia: Experienta lui Dumnezeu in Ortodoxie''. Sibiu, 1998. [in Romanian]
* ''The Living Witness of the Holy Mountain: Contemporary Voice from Mount Athos''. South Canaan, 1996. (ISBN 978-1878997487)
* ''St Symeon the New Theologian on the Mystical Life: The Ethical Discourses'', 3. vols. Crestwood, 1995-1997. (ISBN 978-0-881-41231-4)
* ''The Historical Dictionary of the Orthodox Church'', with Michael Prokurat and Michael Peterson. Lanham, 1996. (ISBN 978-0810830813)
* ''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita''. Thessalonika, 1994.
* [http://www.cistercianpublications.org/Detail.aspx?ISBN=9780879072506 ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'']. Kalamazoo, 2013. (ISBN 978-0879072506)

'''Articles:'''
Several articles can be viewed at [http://www.marquette.edu/maqom/scrinium3.pdf]

*[http://www.mu.edu/maqom/Liturgy.pdf "Liturgy and Mysticism: The Experience of God in Eastern Orthodox Christianity" (part 1)]
*[http://www.mu.edu/maqom/Liturgy2.pdf "Liturgy and Mysticism: The Experience of God in Eastern Orthodox Christianity" (part 2)].
*[http://orthodoxeurope.org/page/11/3/2.aspx Review of Hilarion Alfeyev, The Spiritual World of Isaac the Syrian (Cistercian Publications, 2000), published in ''St Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 46 (2002): 285-290].
*"The Mysticism of Dionysius Areopagita: Platonist or Christian?" ''Mystics Quarterly'' 19 (1993): 98-114.
*"Hierarchy Versus Anarchy: Dionysius Areopagita, Symeon the New Theologian, Nicetas Stethatos, and Their Common Roots in the Ascetical Tradition," ''St Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 38 (1994): 131-179.
*"Anathema! Some Historical Perspectives on the Athonite Statement of May 1995," ''St. Nersess Theological Review'' 3 (1998): 103-117
*"'A Contemplative and a Liturgist': Father Georges Florovsky on the Corpus Dionysiacum," ''St Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 43 (1999): 131-161.
*"Revisiting the 'Sudden': Epistle III in the Corpus Dionysiacum," ''Studia Patristica'' 37 (2001): 482-491.
*"Many Lamps Are Lightened From the One: Paradigms of the Transformational Vision in the Macarian Homilies," ''Vigiliae christianae'' 55 (2001): 281-298 [with Andrei Orlov]
*"Earthly Angels and Heavenly Men: The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Nicetas Stethatos, and the Tradition of Interiorized Apocalyptic in Eastern Christian Ascetical and Mystical Literature," ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' 55 (2001): 125-153.
*"Adam, Eve, and Seth: Pneumatological Reflections On An Unusual Image in Gregory of Nanzianus's Fifth Theological Oration," ''Anglican Theological Review'' 83 (2001): 537-546.
*"Dionysius Areopagites in the Works of Saint Gregory Palamas: On the Question of a 'Christological Corrective' and Related Matters," ''Saint Vladimir's Theological Quarterly'' 46 (2002): 163-90.
*"The Demons Suggest an Illusion of God's Glory in a Form: Controversy Over the Divine Body and Vision of Glory in Some Late Fourth, Early Fifth Century Monastic Literature," ''Studia Monastica'' 44 (2002): 13-44.
*"A Testimony to Christianity as Transfiguration: The Macarian Homilies and Orthodox Spirituality," ''Orthodox and Wesleyan Spirituality'' (ed. S. T. Kimbrough; Crestwood, N.Y.: ''St. Vladimir's Seminary Press'', 2002), 129–156
*"Dionysius Areopagita: A Christian Mysticism?" ''Pro Ecclesia'' 12 (2003): 161-212.
*"The Place of the Presence of God: Aphrahat of Persia’s Portrait of the Christian Holy Man," ''ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑΣ: Studies in Honor of Archimandrite Aimilianos of Simonos Petras, Mount Athos'' (Athens: Indiktos, 2003), 391-447.
*"The Image and Glory of God in Jacob of Serug's Homily, On That Chariot That Ezekiel the Prophet Saw," ''Saint Vladimir's Theological Quarterly 46'' (2003): 323-364.
*"'Suddenly, Christ': The Place of Negative Theology in the Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagites," ''Mystics: Presence and Aporia'' (ed. Michael Kessler and Christian Shepherd; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 8-37.
*"Christian Mysticism over Two Millennia," ''The Theophaneia School: Jewish Roots of Christian Mysticism'' (ed. Andrei Orlov and Basil Lurie; St. Petersburg: Byzantino-rossica, 2007), 17–33.
*"The Vision of God and the Form of Glory: More Reflections on the Anthropomorphite Controversy of AD 399," ''Abba: The Tradition of Orthodoxy in the West'': FS Kallistos Ware (SVS Press, 2007): 273-297.
*"Il corpo di Cristo: Simeone il Nuovo Teologo sulla vita spirituale e la chiesa gerarchica," ''Simeone il Nuovo Teologo e il monachesimo a Costantinopoli'' (Qiqajon: Monastero di Bose, 2003), 255-288. (ENGLISH: "The Body of Christ: Saint Symeon the New Theologian on Spiritual Life and the Hierarchical Church," ''The Theophaneia School: Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism'' (Saint Petersburg: Byzantinorossica, 2007), 106-127)
*"Theophaneia: Forum on the Jewish Roots of Orthodox Spirituality," ''The Theophaneia School: Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism'' (Saint Petersburg: Byzantinorossica, 2007), xvii-xx.
*"Heavenly Mysteries: Themes from Apocalyptic Literature in the Macarian Homilies and Selected Other Fourth Century Ascetical Writers," ''Apocalyptic Themes in Early Christianity'' (ed. Robert Daly; Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009), 174–192
*"Making the Inside like the Outside: Toward a Monastic ''Sitz im Leben'' for the Syriac Apocalypse of Daniel," ''To Train His Soul in Books: Syriac Asceticism in Early Christianity'' (ed. Robin Darling Young and Monica J. Blanchard; CUA Press, 2011). An earlier version of this article is available [http://www.mu.edu/maqom/daniel.html].

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh|Kyrill (Yonchev)]]|
title=Bishop of Toledo and the Bulgarian Diocese (OCA)|
years=2012-present|
after= —}}
{{succession|
before=[[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]]|
title=Bishop of Dallas and the South ''(elect)'' (OCA)|
years=2016-present|
after= —}}
{{end box}}
== External links ==
*[http://oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-right-reverend-alexander The Most Reverend Alexander] ([[OCA]])
*[http://oca.org/news/headline-news/holy-synod-elects-bishop-alexander-of-toledo-to-vacant-dallas-see Holy Synod elects Bishop Alexander of Toledo to vacant Dallas See]
*[http://oca.org/news/headline-news/archimandrite-alexander-golitzin-consecrated-bishop-of-toledo-and-the-bulga Archimandrite Alexander (Golitzin) consecrated Bishop of Toledo and the Bulgarian diocese]
*[http://oca.org/news/headline-news/holy-synod-elects-archimandrite-alexander-golitzin-as-bishop-of-the-bulgari Holy Synod elects Archimandrite Alexander as Bishop of the Bulgarian Diocese]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130305062700/http://www.marquette.edu/theology/golitzin.shtml ''Archive of'' Father Alexander's faculty web page at Marquette University]
*[http://www.marquette.edu/maqom Father Alexander's website on "The Jewish Origins of Christian Mysticism"]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Toledo]]
[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:St. Vladimir's Seminary Graduates]]

[[ro:Alexander (Golitzin) de Toledo]]

Monasticism

2020-02-05T20:52:24Z

Magda: /* See also */ rm link which redirects to this page

[[Image:Panteleimon_Monastery.jpg|right|thumb|350px|[[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|St. Panteleimon's Monastery]] on [[Mount Athos]]]]
{{spirituality}}
'''Monasticism''' (from Greek: μοναχός, a solitary person) is the ancient Christian practice of withdrawal from the world in order to dedicate oneself fully and intensely to the life of the [[Gospel]], seeking union with [[Jesus Christ]].

The focus of monasticism is on [[theosis]], the process of perfection to which every Christian is called. This ideal is expressed everywhere that the things of God are sought above all other things, as seen for example in the ''[[Philokalia]]'', a book of monastic writings. In other words, a [[monk]] or nun is a person who has vowed to follow not only the commandments of the Church, but also the counsels (i.e., vows of poverty, chastity, stability, and obedience). The words of Jesus which are the cornerstone for this ideal are "be ye perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect."

Thus, monks practice [[hesychasm]], the spiritual struggle of [[catharsis|purification]] (κάθαρσις), [[theoria|illumination]] (θεωρία) and [[theosis|divinization]] (θέωσις) in [[prayer]], the [[sacrament]]s and obedience.

==Precursors of the Christian monastic ideal==
The ancient models of the modern Christian monastic ideal are the [[Nazarite]]s and the [[prophet]]s of Israel. A Nazarite was a person voluntarily separated to the Lord, under a special vow.

: Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD: He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk. All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the LORD, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow. All the days that he separateth himself unto the LORD he shall come at no dead body. He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the consecration of his God is upon his head. ([[Numbers]] 6:2-8)

[[Image:Wadi Qelt.jpg|left|thumb|350px|Monastery of St. [[George the Chozebite]], Wadi Qelt (On the road from Jerusalem to Jericho)]]
The prophets of [[Israel]] were set apart to the Lord for the sake of a message of [[repentance]]. Some of them lived under extreme conditions, voluntarily separated or forced into seclusion because of the burden of their message. Other prophets were members of communities, schools mentioned occasionally in the Scriptures but about which there is much speculation and little known. The pre-Abrahamic prophets, [[Enoch]] and [[Melchizedek]], and especially the Jewish prophets [[Elijah]] and his disciple [[Elisha]] are important to Christian monastic tradition. The most frequently cited "role-model" for the life of a hermit separated to the Lord, in whom the Nazarite and the prophet are believed to be combined in one person, is [[John the Baptist]]. John also had disciples who stayed with him and, as may be supposed, were taught by him and lived in a manner similar to his own:

: In those days came John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, And saying, Repent ye: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about Jordan, And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins. ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 3:1-6)

The female role models for monasticism are the [[Theotokos]] and the four virgin daughters of the [[Apostle Philip (of the Twelve)]]:

: And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day. And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came unto [[Caesarea]]: and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him. And the same man had four daughters, virgins, which did prophesy. ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 21:7-9)

[[Image:Romanian_hieromonk.jpg|right|thumb|250px|This image from a monastery in Rumania shows the [[abbot]] (or [[igumen]]) seated in the chair reserved for his status. He is holding the staff of his office and wearing the [[epitrachelion]] that symbolizes his priesthood as a [[hieromonk]].]]
The monastic ideal is also modeled upon the [[Apostle Paul]], who is believed to have been [[celibacy|celibate]], and a tentmaker:

:For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that. I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, it is good for them if they abide even as I. ([[I Corinthians]] 7:7-8)

But the consummate prototype of all Christian monasticism, communal and solitary, is [[Jesus Christ]]:

:Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. ([[Philippians]] 2:5-8)

Additionally, the earliest Church was a model for monasticism. The first Christian communities lived in common, sharing everything, according to [[Acts of the Apostles]].

==Origins of Christian monasticism==
The institution of Christian monasticism began in the deserts in 4th century Egypt as a kind of living [[martyr]]dom. Some scholars attribute the rise of monasticism at this time to the changes in Roman society that had been brought about subsequent to the Emperor St. [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]]'s [[conversion]] and the legal tolerance of Christianity in the Roman Empire. This ended the position of Christians as a small, persecuted group, leading to the rise of nominal Christianity within the Church. In response, many who wished to maintain the intensity of the earliest years of Christian life fled to the desert to [[fasting|fast]] and pray, free from the fragmenting influence of the world. The end of persecution also meant that [[martyr]]dom was no longer as common, and so [[asceticism]] as a form of living martyrdom came to be pursued.

[[Image:Sinai_Monastery.jpg|left|thumb|350px|[[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)|St. Catherine's Monastery]], Sinai, Egypt]]
Ss. [[Anthony the Great|Anthony]] and [[Pachomius the Great|Pachomius]] were early monastic founders in Egypt, although [[Paul of Thebes]] is the very first Christian historically known to have been living as a monk. Orthodoxy also looks to [[Basil the Great]] as a founding monastic legislator, as well as the example of the [[Desert Fathers]]. St. [[Benedict of Nursia]], who based his own ''Rule'' on that of St. Basil, is often credited with being the father of Western monasticism.

From a very early time there were probably individuals who lived a life in isolation—hermits—in imitation of Jesus' 40 days in the desert. They have left no confirmed archaeological traces and only hints in the written record. St. Anthony of Egypt lived as a [[hermit]] and developed a following of other hermits who lived nearby but not in community with him. On the other hand, [[Paul of Thebes]] lived not very far from Anthony in absolute solitude, and was looked upon even by Anthony as a perfect monk. (When St. Anthony first encountered him, he came away from the experience saying, "Woe is me, my children, a sinful and false monk, who am a monk in name only. I have seen Elijah, I have seen John the Baptist in the desert, and I have seen Paul—in Paradise!") This variety of monasticism is called ''eremitic'' ("hermit-like").

St. [[Pachomius the Great]], a follower of Anthony, also acquired a following; he chose to mould them into a community in which the monks lived in individual huts or rooms—cells (from Greek κελλια)—but worked, ate, and worshipped in shared space. This method of monastic organization is called ''cenobitic'' ("community-based"). Most monastic life is [[cenobitic]] in nature. The head of a monastery came to be known by the word for "Father" in Syriac, ''Abba''—in English, ''[[Abbot]]''.

Eventually, a pattern came to be established for some rare monks, having been formed in the communal life, to leave the cenobitic context and undertake the eremetic life. To attempt it without this prior formation is often considered to be spiritual suicide, frequently leading one to fall into [[prelest]], spiritual delusion.

==The place of monasticism in society==
Beginning in Egypt (with such saints as [[Anthony the Great]] and [[Paul of Thebes]]) and spreading to the Middle East and then Europe, monasticism became a central aspect of life during the western Middle Ages and the high period of the Roman ("Byzantine") Empire in the East. The first non-Roman area to adopt the system was Ireland, which developed a unique form closely linked to traditional clan relations, a system that later spread to other parts of Europe, especially France.

The golden age of Christian monasticism lasted from about the eighth to the twelfth centuries. The monasteries became an essential part of society, often acting to unify liturgical practice and clarify doctrinal disputes. The monasteries also attracted many of the best people in society and during this period the monasteries were the central storehouses and producers of knowledge.

[[Image:Whitby_Abbey.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The ruins of [[Whitby Abbey]], Northumbria, England]]
In the West, the system broke down in the eleventh and twelfth centuries as religion began to change. Religion became far less a preserve of the religious elite. This was closely linked to the rise of mendicant orders such as the Franciscan friars, who were dedicated to spreading the word in public, not in closed monasteries. Religious behavior changed as common people began to take communion and actively participate in religion. The growing pressure of the nation states and monarchies also threatened the wealth and power of the orders. Finally, after Vatican II in Rome, "religious" orders saw a massive exodus of members, and many monastics left off wearing the traditional garb of their orders. On the whole, monasticism is in severe decline in the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Nevertheless, monasticism is still reflected strongly in western culture. Modern universities have attempted to ape Christian monasticism in a number of ways. Even in the New World where monasticism has never been a standard part of societal life, universities are built in the Gothic style of twelfth century monasteries. Communal meals, dormitory residences, elaborate rituals and dress all borrow heavily from the monastic tradition.

In the East, monasticism continued to thrive even after the [[Great Schism]] of the eleventh century, becoming a touchstone and unifying center for Christians in the declining Roman Empire, even after the [[Fall of Constantinople]].

==Orthodox monasticism today==
[[Image:St_Tikhons_Monastery.jpg|left|thumb|350px|[[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Monastery]] church, South Canaan, Pennsylvania]]
Today monasticism remains an important and vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith, and major monastic centers such as [[Mount Athos]] and [[St. Catherine's Monastery (Sinai)]] are seeing a revival both in terms of the numbers of monks coming to take up the life and in terms of the intensity of the life being led. Pilgrims are also becoming more and more frequent, and rebuilding of many ancient centers of monasticism is moving forward at a high rate.

==Monastic clergy==
Christian monasticism is in itself a lay order, originally not having clergy as a standard part of the community (thus, monks relied on local parishes for sacramental life). However, if the monastery were isolated in the desert, as were many of the Egyptian communities, that inconvenience compelled monasteries either to take in priest members, to have their abbot ordained, or to have other members ordained. A priest-monk is called a ''[[hieromonk]]'', and is now generally considered a standard part of cenobitic monastic life. Monastic deacons are also fairly common, and they are referred to as ''[[hierodeacon]]s''.

In many cases in Orthodoxy, when a [[bishop]]ric needs to be filled, suitable candidates are found from nearby monasteries. Since many priests are married (before being ordained to the priesthood), but bishops are required to be celibate, monasteries are a good source of celibate men who are also spiritually mature and generally possessing the other qualities desired in a bishop. Numerous saints from the Church's tradition are examples of this practice.

==[[Monastic Ranks|Monastic grades]]==
When one desiring the monastic life enters a monastery, he or she normally passes through three steps or stages:

#Probationer - Novice, Riasaphor
#Monk of the Lesser Schema - Cross-bearer, Stavrophore
#Monk of the Great Schema - Russian Skhimnik

==See also==
[[Image:Glendalough.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Monastic church at [[Glendalough]], Ireland]]
*[[Hesychasm]]
*[[Mount Athos]]
*[[Monastic Ranks]]

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article7103.asp Monasticism in the Orthodox Church] by Metropolitan [[Maximos (Aghiorgoussis) of Pittsburgh]]
*[http://www.kosovo.net/monasticism.html Orthodox Monasticism] (Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Raska and Prizren)
*[http://www.romanity.org/htm/flo.01.en.the_ascetic_ideal_and_the_new_testament.01.htm The Ascetic Ideal and the New Testament] by Fr. [[Georges Florovsky]]
*[http://www.orthodox-monasteries.com/ Orthodox Monasteries Worldwide Directory]

[[Category:Asceticism]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Monasteries]]

[[el:Μοναχισμός]]
[[it:Monachesimo]]
[[mk:Манастир]]
[[ro:Monahism]]

Alejo (Pacheco y Vera) of Mexico City

2020-02-05T20:44:10Z

Magda: added link, succession box

His Grace, the Right Reverend Bishop '''Alejo (Pacheco y Vera) of Mexico City''' is the ruling bishop of the [[OCA]]'s [[Diocese of Mexico (OCA)|Diocese of Mexico]] (succeeding Abp. [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]], who had been its [[exarch]]). His Grace was installed on [[January 18]], 2009 at the Cathedral of the Ascension of Our Lord in Mexico City by Metr. [[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington and New York| Jonah of Washington]] and other members of the [[Holy Synod]].

==Life==
The future Bishop Alejo was born in Mexico on [[September 6]], 1954, the son of Eusebio Pacheco and Maria C. Cera-Villeda. He was received into the Orthodox faith on [[August 1]], 1972. He pursued studies of Orthodox theology under programs offered by Metr. Antonio Chedraoui, the Antiochian Orthodox Bishop of Mexico City, which eventually led him to enter [[monasticism|monastic]] life. On [[July 8]], 1978, he was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] by [[Jose (Cortes y Olmos) of Mexico City|Bishop José]] of Mexico City with the name Alejo.

On [[January 14]], 1979, he was [[ordination|ordained]] [[deacon]] and assigned to the Cathedral of the Ascension of Our Lord (La Catedral de la Ascensión del Señor) in Mexico City. He was ordained a [[priest]] on [[March 1]], 1981. While continuing to serve at the [[cathedral]], he served the many missions throughout the State of Chiapas.

In 2001, he was elevated to the [[monastic]] rank of [[igumen]] by the [[Synod]] of Bishops. Two years later he was elevated to [[archimandrite]]. On [[May 28]], 2005, Archimandrite Alejo was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Mexico City, auxiliary to Metropolitan [[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York|Herman]], at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|St. Tikhon's Monastery]] in South Canaan, Pennsylvania, following his election by the Synod of Bishops in March 2005. On [[October 16]], 2008, the Synod of Bishops of the OCA elected His Grace, Bishop Alejo as the ruling Bishop of Mexico City and the Exarchate of Mexico.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri (Royster)]]|
title=Archbishop of Mexico City and Mexico|
years=2009-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}
==Sources==
*[http://www.oca.org/news/1667 OCA News and Events item His Grace, Bishop Alejo elected ruling bishop of Exarchate of Mexico]
*[http://www.stgeorgepantry.org/bishopalejo.html Archimandrite Alejo consecrated Bishop of Mexico City]

==External links==
*[https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-most-reverend-alejo The Most Reverend Alejo] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.oca.org/news/1761 Exarchate of Mexico elevated to full diocesan status]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Mexico City]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy in Central America]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity|Pacheco y Vera, Alejo]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity from Roman Catholicism|Pacheco y Vera, Alejo]]

Category:Bishops of Bethesda

2020-02-04T20:57:59Z

Magda: Created page with "Bethesda"

[[Category:Bishops by city|Bethesda]]

Alexis (Trader) of Sitka

2020-02-04T20:56:29Z

Magda: God grant him many years!

His Grace the Right Reverend '''Alexis (Trader) of Bethesda''' is the Auxiliary [[Bishop]] to [[Metropolitan]] [[Tikhon (Mollard) of Washington|Tikhon]] for [[Stavropegial]] Institutions. He was elected to the episcopate on [[November 12]], 2019, and consecrated on [[January 25]], 2020.

==Life==
Bishop Alexis is a [[Monastic_Ranks#Great_Schema|Great-schema]] [[hieromonk]] who returned from Greece to the United States on His Beatitude Metropolitan Tikhon's invitation and with the blessing of his abbot, Archimandrite [[Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros|Philotheos]], in order to serve the [[Orthodox Church in America]]. He was received into the Orthodox faith at the [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Monastery (South Canaan, Pennsylvania)|Monastery of Saint Tikhon]] where he became a monk and lecturer in [[patristics]].

After ten years at the monastery, he went to the [[Karakalou Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of Karakallou]] on the [[Mount Athos|Holy Mountain]] in order to deepen his experience of the [[monastic]] life. There, he immersed himself in the life of community and was [[ordain]]ed to the holy [[priest]]hood. He also wrote ''In Peace Let us Pray to the Lord'', translated several Greek books into English, and edited other books in both Greek and English for publication. For health reasons, he was transferred to a women's monastery that was also a [[skete|dependency]] of Karakallou. There, the local bishop blessed him to be a [[spiritual father]] for the community that also served as a parish for many Greeks in the area. At this time, he completed his doctoral dissertation in Greek at the University of Thessaloniki which was later published in Greek and English as ''Ancient Christian Wisdom and Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy''. He has also engaged in further studies in clinical psychology, but his chief work has been pastoral, building up the parish growing around the monastery and offering one-on-one assistance to those in need through the mystery of holy [[confession]] and counseling.

Since 2019, Bishop Alexis has been in residence at the Monastery of Saint Tikhon. During this past year, he has given a talk on the ascetic ethos of Orthodox liturgical art for a music conference at Jewel College, lectures on the Prophet [[Isaiah]] at [[St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary|Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] (STOTS), in Alaska for their continuing education programs, a lecture on beauty in Church architecture at the [[Orthodox Inter-Seminary Movement]]'s (OISM) latest gathering at STOTS, and sermons in parishes and at the monastery church.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=see created|
title=Bishop of Bethesda Auxiliary ([[OCA]])|
years=2020-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}
==Source==
*[https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-right-reverend-alexis The Right Reverend Alexis] ([[OCA]])

==External Link==
*[http://ancientchristianwisdom.com/ Ancient Christian Wisdom]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Bethesda]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]

Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland

2020-02-04T20:43:18Z

Magda: fixed name

His Grace the Right Reverend '''Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland''' is the Auxiliary [[Bishop]] to His Eminence Archbishop [[Nathaniel (Popp) of Detroit|Nathaniel]] of the [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America]] (ROEA), an [[ethnic diocese]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]. He was elected to the episcopate on [[November 12]], 2019, and consecrated on [[February 1]], 2020.

==Life==
Bishop Andrei was born in 1982 into an Orthodox Christian family in Făgăraș, Romania. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to the United States where they established their home in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, becoming members of Sts. Peter & Paul Romanian Orthodox Church. While completing his high school and undergraduate studies, he was active in the life of the parish and Episcopate, including serving as the 37th President of the American Romanian Orthodox Youth, the international youth auxiliary of the ROEA. In September 2004, with the blessing of His Eminence, Archbishop Nathaniel, he began pursuing theological studies at [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, graduating in 2008 with a Master of Divinity Degree and working at the same time for the Master of Theology Degree.

In October 2010, he commenced doctoral studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, Italy, earning a Doctorate of Theology Degree in June 2019 in the field of dogmatic/liturgical studies. He was [[ordain]]ed into the holy [[diaconate]] in September 2012 and then the holy [[priest]]hood that December by His Eminence Archbishop Nathaniel, who subsequently appointed him to lead the Episcopate's Department of Youth and Young Adult Ministry in 2013, and then as [[Vicar]] of Canada in 2014 to assist with the administrative and pastoral responsibilities of the Episcopate.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=see created|
title=Bishop of Cleveland Auxiliary ([[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|ROEA]])|
years=2020-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}
==Source==
*[https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-right-reverend-andrei The Right Reverend Andrei] ([[OCA]])

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Cleveland]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]

Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland

2020-02-04T20:42:56Z

Magda: Magda moved page Andrei (Horescu) of Cleveland to Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland: got the name wrong

His Grace the Right Reverend '''Andrei (Horescu) of Cleveland''' is the Auxiliary [[Bishop]] to His Eminence Archbishop [[Nathaniel (Popp) of Detroit|Nathaniel]] of the [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America]] (ROEA), an [[ethnic diocese]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]. He was elected to the episcopate on [[November 12]], 2019, and consecrated on [[February 1]], 2020.

==Life==
Bishop Andrei was born in 1982 into an Orthodox Christian family in Făgăraș, Romania. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to the United States where they established their home in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, becoming members of Sts. Peter & Paul Romanian Orthodox Church. While completing his high school and undergraduate studies, he was active in the life of the parish and Episcopate, including serving as the 37th President of the American Romanian Orthodox Youth, the international youth auxiliary of the ROEA. In September 2004, with the blessing of His Eminence, Archbishop Nathaniel, he began pursuing theological studies at [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, graduating in 2008 with a Master of Divinity Degree and working at the same time for the Master of Theology Degree.

In October 2010, he commenced doctoral studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, Italy, earning a Doctorate of Theology Degree in June 2019 in the field of dogmatic/liturgical studies. He was [[ordain]]ed into the holy [[diaconate]] in September 2012 and then the holy [[priest]]hood that December by His Eminence Archbishop Nathaniel, who subsequently appointed him to lead the Episcopate's Department of Youth and Young Adult Ministry in 2013, and then as [[Vicar]] of Canada in 2014 to assist with the administrative and pastoral responsibilities of the Episcopate.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=see created|
title=Bishop of Cleveland Auxiliary ([[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|ROEA]])|
years=2020-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}
==Source==
*[https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-right-reverend-andrei The Right Reverend Andrei] ([[OCA]])

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Cleveland]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]

Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland

2020-02-04T20:41:11Z

Magda: added categories, added jurisdiction to succession box

Nathaniel (Popp) of Detroit

2020-02-04T20:37:18Z

Magda: updated biography link, commented out broken link

The Most Reverend '''Nathaniel''', [[Archbishop]] of Detroit and the Romanian Episcopate, presides over the [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America]], an [[ethnic diocese]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]. He is also the founder and president of the [[St. Andrew House Center for Orthodox Christian Studies]].

==Life==
Abp. Nathaniel was born William George Popp on [[June 12]], 1940, in Aurora, Illinois, to a family of Romanian heritage. William was the third of five children in the family of Joseph Popp and Vera nee Boytor who were immigrants from the County of Satu Mare. In 1958, after completing primary and secondary schooling, William entered St. Procopius College in Lisle, Illinois that was a “Pontifical Eastern Rite Center” run by [[Rule of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] [[monk]]s where he studied the history, origins, and purposes of the Greek Catholic Church. Upon graduation in 1962, William was called to Rome, Italy by the Romanian Greek Catholic bishop, Vasile Cristea, to study at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Athanasium Greek College, studying the rites, canons, and the spiritual life of the Byzantine Rite.

During these college years, William witnessed the activities of the second Vatican council and traveled through Germany and Greece including [[Mount Athos]]. It was at Mount Athos that William first visited an Orthodox Church and expressed the thought, ‘’If only the monks were not Orthodox.” Although deeply moved spiritually, his internal conflict with the history and loyalty to the “Unia” caused him to keep Orthodoxy at a distance. It was at Mount Athos that one of the spiritual fathers “bestowed” on him the name “Nathaniel.”

Upon completing his studies in 1966, William was [[ordination|ordained]] to the diaconate on [[July 17]] and to the [[Presbyter|priesthood]] in the Romanian [[Uniate]] Church on [[October 23]]. Returning to the United States in January 1967, he was appointed as the assistant priest in the [[parish]] of St. Michael, in Aurora, Illinois. As Fr. Popp entered into parish life, the spirituality and theology of his Orthodox experiences began to rise in importance for him. Within months he sought entrance into the Orthodox Church. Having no practical experience in American Orthodox situation, he visited former classmates from Rome who had also embraced Orthodoxy. Through the parish priest of St. Mary parish in Cleveland, Ohio, Fr. Popp was introduced to Archbishop [[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Valerian (Trifa)]] of the Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America,

Under the guidance of Archbishop Valerian, Fr. Popp was examined by the Episcopate Council and received into the Orthodox faith at St. Mary [[Chapel]] at ‘’Vatra’’ on [[February 15]], 1968. After residing in a [[Monasticism|monastic]] community for several years, Fr. Popp became the priest of Holy Cross Parish in Hermitage, Pennsylvania in 1975. On [[September 20]], 1980, a Special Electoral Congress of the Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America called Fr. Nathaniel to the episcopate as an [[auxiliary bishop]] to Abp. Valerian.

On [[November 15]], 1980, Fr. Nathaniel was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] [[Bishop]] of Dearborn Heights, as an auxiliary bishop to Abp. Valerian. He served as auxiliary bishop until 1984, when Abp. Valerian retired. On [[November 17]], 1984, Bishop Nathaniel became the ruling hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America. On [[October 20]], 1999, the [[Holy Synod]] of the OCA elevated him to the rank of archbishop.

Archbishop Nathaniel traveled to Romania in May 2003, where he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Oradea.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
title=Bishop of Dearborn Heights|
before=?|
after=?|
years=1980–1984}}
{{succession|
title=[[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Archbishop of Detroit and the Romanian Episcopate]]|
before=[[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit|Valerian (Trifa)]]|
after=—|
years=1984–present}}
{{end box}}

==External links==
*[https://roea.orthodoxws.com/biography1 Official biography]
*[http://www.roea.org/+NPastoral.htm Pastoral letters] (also in [http://www.roea.org/+NPastorale.htm Romanian])


[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Dearborn Heights]]
[[Category:Bishops of Detroit]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity|Popp]]
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity from Roman Catholicism|Popp]]

[[ro:Nathaniel (Popp) de Detroit]]

Andrei (Hoarște) of Cleveland

2020-02-04T20:33:59Z

Magda: God grant him many years!

His Grace the Right Reverend '''Andrei (Horescu) of Cleveland''' is the Auxiliary [[Bishop]] to His Eminence Archbishop [[Nathaniel (Popp) of Detroit|Nathaniel]] of the [[Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America (OCA)|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America]] (ROEA), an [[ethnic diocese]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]. He was elected to the episcopate on [[November 12]], 2019, and consecrated on [[February 1]], 2020.

==Life==
Bishop Andrei was born in 1982 into an Orthodox Christian family in Făgăraș, Romania. At the age of 15, he moved with his family to the United States where they established their home in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, becoming members of Sts. Peter & Paul Romanian Orthodox Church. While completing his high school and undergraduate studies, he was active in the life of the parish and Episcopate, including serving as the 37th President of the American Romanian Orthodox Youth, the international youth auxiliary of the ROEA. In September 2004, with the blessing of His Eminence, Archbishop Nathaniel, he began pursuing theological studies at [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, graduating in 2008 with a Master of Divinity Degree and working at the same time for the Master of Theology Degree.

In October 2010, he commenced doctoral studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, Italy, earning a Doctorate of Theology Degree in June 2019 in the field of dogmatic/liturgical studies. He was [[ordain]]ed into the holy [[diaconate]] in September 2012 and then the holy [[priest]]hood that December by His Eminence Archbishop Nathaniel, who subsequently appointed him to lead the Episcopate's Department of Youth and Young Adult Ministry in 2013, and then as [[Vicar]] of Canada in 2014 to assist with the administrative and pastoral responsibilities of the Episcopate.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=see created|
title=Bishop of Cleveland Auxiliary|
years=2020-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}
==Source==
*[https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/bishops/the-right-reverend-andrei The Right Reverend Andrei] ([[OCA]])

User:Magda

2020-01-30T19:27:10Z

Magda: /* Magda */ another kid

[[Image:Magda_wedding.jpg|thumb|right|Magda's wedding]] 
I am currently one of the [[Special:Listadmins|sysops]] here on '''OrthodoxWiki'''. You are more than welcome to comment and ask questions on my [[User_talk:Magda|talk page]].

==Useful links==
{{userboxtop|More about me}}
{{userbox admin|right}}
{{Userbox
|border-c = #226722
|border-s = 2
|id-c = #226722
|id-s = 9
|id-fc = #000
|info-c = #329532
|info-s = 8
|info-fc = #fff
|id = [[Image:Mary Magdalene.jpg|50px]]
|info = The [[patron saint|patron saint]] of this user is St. [[Mary Magdalene|Mary Magdalene]].
}}
{{user goarch}}
{{user orthodox US}}
{{user en}}
{{user ro-1}}
{{user el-1}}
{{user fr-0}}
{{user byzmusic-2}}
{{userboxbottom}}
===Internal===
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Style_Manual|Style Manual]]
*[[Help:Editing|Editing]]
*[[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]]
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Templates|Templates]]
*[[Help:Image licenses|Image Licenses]]

===Drafts===
*[[User:Magda/Edittools]] A draft for English and Romanian edittool files for mediawiki use. (Discussion: [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza#edittools]])
*[[User:Magda/Category Sitemap]] A different way to look at the hierarchical structure of categories on the English-language wiki, to streamline it, and to assist in structuring and lining up other-lanugage versions.

===External===
(Based on a similar section of [[User:Basil|Basil's]].)
*[http://www.oca.org/FSlives.asp Feasts and Saints of the Church Year] on the [[Orthodox Church in America]] site
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/calendar.asp Church Calendar] and [http://goarch.org/en/chapel/search.asp Search for a Saint] from the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|goarch]] website
*[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html Prologue of Ohrid] ([[Serbian Orthodox Church in the USA and Canada|Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America]])
*[http://ccel.org/fathers2/ The Christian Classics Ethereal Library] a wonderful repository of patristic translations
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/alphabetical.htm Orthodox Research Institute] All the Hierarchs of the Orthodox Church in alphabetical order
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8049.asp A Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology] (goarch)
*[http://webtrance.skycode.com/online.asp Bulgarian-English translator]
*[http://www.dictionare.com/ Romanian-English-Romanian dictionaries]


==Ideas for the wiki==
*"How-to" page explaining what needs to be included on each image; maybe a template/category indicating that something is missing so we can go back and fix/find
*Hagiographical something like the [[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Saints|WikiProject Saints]], what to include, where to get information, restrictions on OCA image use, other guidelines

==Personal==
===Magda===
I am [[marriage|married]] to a priest who serves at the ([[GOARCH]]) parish of [http://www.stjohncr.org/ St. John the Baptist] in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

A [[convert]] from [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], I was [[chrismation|chrismated]] on [[January 25]], 2004, the [[feast day]] of St. [[Gregory the Theologian]]. I chose the name ''Magdalene'' for my middle name to honor my [[patron saint]], St. [[Mary Magdalene]], whose feast day is [[July 22]].

My husband and I were married on [[July 24]], 2004, at St. [[Apostle Andrew|Andrew]] Greek Orthodox Church [http://www.orthodoxchurchofstandrew.org] of South Bend, Indiana, by Fr. George Konstantopoulos. We have six children.

I am interested in [[iconography]]—both in the writing and interpreting of icons—and in learning [[Byzantine chant]].

Please feel free to [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Emailuser&target=Magda email me] or read my [http://magdalini.blogspot.com blog].

'''Pray for me, a sinner.'''

===[[User:Vandrona|Magda's Husband]]===
My husband, Fr. Peter, came from Romania to pursue undergraduate studies. Prior to graduating from [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross]] as the valedictorian, his most recent degree was a doctorate in computer science. He enjoys sports, singing (opera, barbershop, and chant), working for the Church, and sharing really bad puns. He is nigh invulnerable and quite tall, both on purpose.

*[http://magdalini.blogspot.com/2006/06/ordination-to-diaconate.html Pictures and explanations] of [[User:Vandrona|Dn. Virgil]]'s [[ordination]] to the [[diaconate]] by [[Metropolitan]] [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos of Chicago]] ([[GOARCH|Greek Archdiocese]]) on [[June 4]], 2006, at St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church in South Bend, Indiana.
*[http://magdalini.blogspot.com/2006/06/first-liturgy-as-deacon.html Pictures and explanations] of the first Liturgy he served as a deacon, with Fr. Andrew Demotses and Fr. Costin Popescu, on [[June 6]], 2006, at St. Vasilios Greek Orthodox Church in Peabody, Massachusetts.
*[http://picasaweb.google.com/magda.andronache/OrdinationToThePriesthood Pictures] of Fr. Peter's ordination to the priesthood by Metropolitan [[Alexios (Panagiotopoulos) of Atlanta|Alexios of Atlanta]] on his [[name day]], [[June 29]], 2007, at St. Paul Greek Orthodox Church in Savannah, Georgia.

{{Acceptrevised}}
[[Category:User Pages|Magda]]

User:MarieAnn

2020-01-30T19:20:17Z

Magda: Creating user page for new user.

I am coptic orthodox , I live in USA, I love to read about orthodox fathers
I study theology in Flordia. I am interested to read more about church fathers.
I teach in Sun school

User talk:MarieAnn

2020-01-30T19:20:17Z

Magda: Welcome!

==Welcome to OrthodoxWiki!==
Hello, and [[OrthodoxWiki:Welcome|welcome]] to '''[[OrthodoxWiki:About|OrthodoxWiki]]'''!

'''OrthodoxWiki''' is a community-edited encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity. Articles are created and edited by our members, and so everything that we do here is subject to review and revision. The result is a true consensus product, with every interested editor contributing his own knowledge and writing skills. As such, when you feel that criticism of an article is warranted, we encourage you to '''join in and fix it!''' Don't worry about breaking anything or doing something wrong—the other editors here are happy to jump in and help you learn.

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" align="center" border="2" style="background: #f9f9f9"
|-
! width=150 | '''For newcomers'''
! width=175 | '''For editors'''
! width=300 | '''Important notes'''
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Please also take a few moments to edit your user page by clicking on your name here, so that we can know a bit about you. Feel free also to add your picture to the [[OrthodoxWiki:User gallery]].

'''If you are uploading images''', be sure you're doing so legally and according to '''[[Help:Image licenses|OrthodoxWiki policy]]'''. Failure to abide by policy may result in your images getting deleted without warning.

If you would like to experiment with the wiki, please feel free to do so in the '''[[OrthodoxWiki:Sandbox|Sandbox]]'''.

By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and other discussion pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. Please sign your comments on Talk pages, so everyone will easily be able to see who left them.

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If you have any questions, see the [[Help:Contents|help pages]], add a question to the [[OrthodoxWiki:Questions|Questions page]], or ask me on my Talk page.

We hope you enjoy editing here and being a part of our community! Your contributions are valuable and appreciated. —[[User:Magda|magda]] ([[User_talk:Magda|talk]]) 19:20, January 30, 2020 (UTC)

User:Xenspirit7

2020-01-30T19:19:22Z

Magda: Creating user page for new user.

Orthodox Christian, baptised Paschal 2002, by Father David Lubliner at St. John the Wonderworker Serbian Orthodox Church, Eugene, Oregon. Currently studying art education and music as well as Church History.
I play guitar and write pictorial novels as well as woodblock prints and etchings .

User talk:Xenspirit7

2020-01-30T19:19:22Z

Magda: Welcome!

User:M Th

2020-01-30T19:18:54Z

Magda: Creating user page for new user.

Born orthodox in a traditional orthodox country (Romania) and being accustomed from many years with the monastic life in Mount Athos, I think that I can help a little bit at least in this area, God willing.

User talk:M Th

2020-01-30T19:18:54Z

Magda: Welcome!

User:Pedrosarsama

2020-01-30T19:17:57Z

Magda: Creating user page for new user.

I am husband, a father of several children, and an Orthodox Christian at a parish of the OCA Diocese of the Midwest, where I am blessed to serve in the altar, to teach high school and college age youths/young adults as a lay-educator, and to be a part of a loving and lovely parish community. I'm studying for a M.Th. in Applied Orthodox Theology from the Antiochian House of Studies (AHOS). I'm a student of iconography, both in AHOS and under the tutelage of a few fantastic iconographers I visit with around the Midwest. I'm interested in the relationship between Second Temple Judaism and the Early Church, in the cultural and historical context of the Ancient Near East as the "center" of salvation history, and in the intersection of scripture, hymnography, asceticism/ascetic literature, iconography and liturgical practice.

I have a blog that I neglect and a notebook that I keep writing in. Such is life.

I've used OrthodoxWiki as a resource for almost a decade. I hope to contribute content to OrthodoxWiki in what meager ways God energizes me to, and to translate articles to either/both Spanish and Romanian.

User talk:Pedrosarsama

2020-01-30T19:17:57Z

Magda: Welcome!

Church of Alexandria

2019-10-09T21:34:40Z

Magda: fixed broken link

The '''Church of Alexandria''' is one of the [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] [[Orthodox Church]]es. Its [[primate]] is the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa, the successor to the [[Apostle Mark|Apostle Mark the Evangelist]], who founded the Church of Alexandria in the 1st century. It is one of the five ancient [[patriarchate]]s of the early [[Church]], called the ''[[Pentarchy]]''.

{{church|
name= Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa[[Image:Alexandria logo.gif|center|The Church of Alexandria]]|
founder= [[Apostle Mark]]|
independence=Traditional |
recognition= Traditional |
primate=[[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Pope Theodoros II]]|
hq=Alexandria, Egypt|
territory=Egypt and Africa|
possessions= ?|
language=Greek, Swahili, English, local languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=250,000|
website=[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?lang=en Church of Alexandria]
}}

== History ==
When [[Alexander the Great]] conquered Egypt about 332-331 BC he established the city of Alexandria, named after him, from which his Greek-speaking successors, the Ptolemy dynasty, ruled Egypt. Alexandria also had many Greek-speaking Jewish inhabitants, and it was here that the Old Testament scriptures were translated into Greek, the [[Septuagint]] version. During the first century BC the city, and Egypt generally passed under Roman rule.

St Mark, a disciple of [[Apostle Peter|St Peter]] evangelised Egypt in the middle of the first century. He probably arrived about AD 40, and met a martyr's death around AD 63. Little is known of the early history of the Church in Alexandria and Egypt, beyond a bare list of names of bishops. By the end of the second century, however, the church had begun to spread among the indigenous population, and the Scriptures and Liturgical texts were being translated into local languages.

Since the [[schism]] occurring as a result of the political and [[Christology|Christological]] controversies at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] (451 A.D.), the portion of the Church of Alexandria loyal to Chalcedonian [[Christology]] has liturgically been Greek-speaking, the majority of its native (i.e., Coptic) population and their modern descendents becoming a part of the '''[[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Church]]''' (i.e., [[Oriental Orthodox|non-Chalcedonian]]).

== The Church today ==
In recent years, a considerable missionary effort was enacted by Pope [[Petros VII (Papapetrou) of Alexandria|Petros VII]]. During his seven years as patriarch (1997-2004), he worked tirelessly to spread the Orthodox Christian [[faith]] in Arab nations and throughout Africa, raising up native [[clergy]] and encouraging the use of local languages in the liturgical life of the Church. Missions spread and thrived in Kenya, Uganda, [[Madagascar]], [[Cameroon]], and elsewhere across the African continent.

Particularly sensitive to the nature of Christian expansion into [[Islam|Muslim]] countries, His Beatitude worked to promote mutual understanding and respect between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. His efforts were ended as the result of a helicopter crash on [[September 11]], 2004, in the Aegean Sea near Greece, killing him and several other clergy, including Bishop [[Nektarios (Kellis) of Madagascar|Nektarios of Madagascar]], another bishop with a profound missionary vision.

Today, some 300,000 Orthodox Christians comprise the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the highest number since the [[Roman Empire]]. The current primate of the Church of Alexandria is His Beatitude [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]], Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa.

==The Episcopacy==
===The Holy Synod===
*His Beatitude [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]], Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa
*His Eminence [[Paul (Lyngris) of Memphis|Paul (Lyngris)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Memphis|Memphis]]
*His Eminence [[Dionysios (Hatzivasiliou) of Leontopolis|Dionysios (Hatzivasiliou)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Leontopolis|Leontopolis]]
*His Eminence [[Petros (Giakoumelos) of Aksum|Petros (Giakoumelos)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Aksum|Aksum]]
*His Eminence [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya|Makarios (Tillyrides)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]]
*His Eminence [[Jonah (Lwanga) of Kampala|Jonah (Lwanga)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Kampala and All Uganda]]
*His Eminence [[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Johannesburg and Pretoria|Damaskinos (Papandreou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria|Johannesburg and Pretoria]]
*His Eminence [[Alexandros (Gianniris) of Nigeria|Alexander (Gianniris)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
*His Eminence [[Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas) of Tripoli|Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Tripolis|Tripolis]]
*His Eminence [[Sergios of the Cape of Good Hope|Sergios (Kykkotis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope|the Cape of Good Hope]]
*His Eminence [[Alexios (Leontaritis) of Carthage|Alexios]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Carthage|Carthage]]
*His Eminence [[Ieronymos (Muzeeyi) of Mwanza|Ieronymos (Muzeeyi)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Mwanza]]
*His Eminence [[Kallinikos (Pippas) of Pilousion|Kallinikos (Pippas)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Pilousion|Pilousion]]
*His Eminence [[Proterios (Pavlopoulos) of Ptolemais|Proterios (Pavlopoulos)]], Metropolitan of [[Metropolis of Ptolemais|Ptolemais]]
*His Eminence [[Seraphim (Kykkotis) of Zimbabwe|Seraphim (Kykkotis)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
*His Eminence [[Nicholas of Ermoupolis|Nicholas]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis|Ermoupolis]]
*His Eminence [[Dimitrios (Zaharengas) of Irinopolis|Dimitrios (Zaharengas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Irinopolis|Irinopolis]]
*His Eminence [[Nikiforos (Mikragiannanitis) of Central Africa|Nikiforos (Mikragiannanitis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Central Africa]]
*His Eminence [[Emmanuel (Kiagias) of Khartoum|Emmanuel (Kiagias)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Khartoum and Sudan]], Exarch of All Sudan
*His Eminence [[Gregory (Stergiou) of Cameroon|Gregory (Stergiou)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Cameroon|Cameroon]], Exarch of Central Africa
*His Eminence [[George (Vladimirou) of Accra|George (Vladimirou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Accra|Accra]]
*His Eminence [[Ioakeim (Kontobas) of Zambia|Ioakeim (Kontobas)]], Archbishop of [[Diocese of Zambia|Zambia]]

===Diocesan Bishops===
*His Grace [[Savvas (Heimonettos) of Burundi and Rwanda|Savvas (Heimonettos)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda|Burundi]]
*His Grace [[Ignatios (Sennis) of Madagascar|Ignatios (Sennis)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
*His Grace [[Meletios (Kamiloudes) of Katanga|Meletios (Kamiloudes)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Katanga|Katanga]]
*His Grace [[Theodoros (Dimitriou) of Mozambique|Theodoros (Dimitriou)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
*His Grace [[Gennadios of Botswana]], Bishop of Botswana

===Auxiliary Bishops===
*His Grace Athanasios of Cyrene
*His Grace Gabriel of Mareotis
*His Grace Spyridon of Kanopou
*His Grace Nikodemos of Nitria
*His Grace Niphon of Babylon

===Titular Archbishops===
*His Excellency Theoklitos of Helioupolis
*His Excellency Philemon of Karvasos
*His Excellency Ioakeim of Tamiathus
*His Excellency Porfyrios of Thivais
*His Excellency Kyrillos of Nafkratis

===Retired Bishops===
*His Eminence [[Panteleimon (Lampadarios) of Antinoe|Panteleimon of Antinoe]]

==Holy Archdioceses and Bishoprics==

{| border="1"
!Archdiocese||Established||See||Jurisdiction
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Memphis]]||??||Heliopolis, Cairo - '''Egypt'''||
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Leontopolis]]||??||Ismailia - '''Egypt'''||''Ismailia, Suez, Zagzik''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Pilousion]]||??||Port Said - '''Egypt'''||''Port Said, Mansoura, Damiette, Kantara''
|-
|[[Metropolis of Ptolemais|Archdiocese of Ptolemais]]||??||Minia - '''Egypt'''||''Upper Egypt, Luxor, Aswan, Minia, Fayum, Asiut, Beni Suef''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis]]||??||Tanta – '''Egypt'''||
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Tripolis]]||1866, 1959, 2004||Tripoli - Libya||''''[[Libya]]''''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Carthage]]||1931||Tunis - Tunisia||'''[[Tunisia]], Algeria, Mauritania, [[Morocco]]'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Cyrene]]||2009||||''Marsa Matrouh in Egypt''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Archdiocese of Khartoum]]||??||Khartoum - Sudan||'''Sudan'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Aksum]]||??||Addis-Abeba - Ethiopia||'''Ethiopia, [[Eritrea]], [[Djibouti]], Somalia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kenya]]||??||Nairobi - Kenya||'''Kenya'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda]]||1959||Kampala - [[Uganda]]||'''Uganda'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Accra]]||1997, 2009||Accra - [[Ghana]]||'''Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, [[Sierra Leone]], Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Gambia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Nigeria]]||1997, 2004||Lagos - Nigeria||'''Nigeria, Niger, Benin, Togo'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Cameroon]]||??||Yaounde - Cameroon||'''Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea''', Islands of '''St Thomas''' and '''Principe'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Central Africa]]||??||Kinshasa - Democratic Republic of Congo||'''Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo-Brazaville (Republic of the Congo)'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Katanga]]||2006, 2009||Lubumbasi - Congo||''Katanga Province in the Congo''
|-
|[[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda]]||2009||Bujumbura in Burundi||'''Burundi, Rwanda''', ''a great area of the Eastern Congo''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Mwanza]]||??||Bukoba - Tanzania||'''Tanzania'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Irinoupolis]]||1959||Dar-es-Salaam - Tanzania||'''Tanzania, Seychelle Islands'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zambia]]||2001, 2009||Lusaka - Zambia||'''Zambia, Malawi'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe]]||??||Harare - Zimbabwe||'''Zimbabwe, [[Angola]], Malawi, Botswana'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]]||1927||Johannesburg - South Africa||''(The areas from East Africa, the Equator down to the Cape of Good Hope)''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]]||1968||Cape Town - South Africa||'''Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho''', and the following areas of the Cape (West and East): ''Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Welkom, George, Knysna, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, all Natal''
|-
|[[Diocese of Mozambique]]||2006||Maputo - Mozambique||'''Mozambique'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Madagascar]]||1997||Antananarivo - Madagascar||'''Madagascar''', Islands of '''Mauritius, Reunion, Comores, Maillot'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Brazzaville and Gabon]]||2010||Brazzaville||Congo, Brazzaville, Gabon
|}

== See also ==
*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]

==External links==
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?lang=en The Patriarchate of Alexandria] (Official site)

*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=001003 Previous Patriarchs]
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/makarios_patriarchate_alexandria.html History of the Patriarchate]


==Sources==
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=004001 Patriarchate of Alexandria website - Archdioceses]
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=004002 Patriarchate of Alexandria website - Dioceses]
*[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=14&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 Eastern Christian Churches: Patriarchate of Alexandria] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar

{{churches}}

[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa|Alexandria]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Alexandria]]

[[ar:بطريركية الإسكندرية للروم الأرثوذكس]]
[[bg:Александрийска патриаршия]]
[[es:Iglesia Ortodoxa de Alejandría]]
[[fr:Église d'Alexandrie]]
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Alexandriei]]

Church of Alexandria

2019-10-09T20:58:42Z

Magda: /* External links */ fixed broken links

The '''Church of Alexandria''' is one of the [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] [[Orthodox Church]]es. Its [[primate]] is the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa, the successor to the [[Apostle Mark|Apostle Mark the Evangelist]], who founded the Church of Alexandria in the 1st century. It is one of the five ancient [[patriarchate]]s of the early [[Church]], called the ''[[Pentarchy]]''.

{{church|
name= Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa[[Image:Alexandria logo.gif|center|The Church of Alexandria]]|
founder= [[Apostle Mark]]|
independence=Traditional |
recognition= Traditional |
primate=[[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Pope Theodoros II]]|
hq=Alexandria, Egypt|
territory=Egypt and Africa|
possessions= ?|
language=Greek, Swahili, English, local languages|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=250,000|
website=[http://www.greekorthodox-alexandria.org/ Church of Alexandria]
}}

== History ==
When [[Alexander the Great]] conquered Egypt about 332-331 BC he established the city of Alexandria, named after him, from which his Greek-speaking successors, the Ptolemy dynasty, ruled Egypt. Alexandria also had many Greek-speaking Jewish inhabitants, and it was here that the Old Testament scriptures were translated into Greek, the [[Septuagint]] version. During the first century BC the city, and Egypt generally passed under Roman rule.

St Mark, a disciple of [[Apostle Peter|St Peter]] evangelised Egypt in the middle of the first century. He probably arrived about AD 40, and met a martyr's death around AD 63. Little is known of the early history of the Church in Alexandria and Egypt, beyond a bare list of names of bishops. By the end of the second century, however, the church had begun to spread among the indigenous population, and the Scriptures and Liturgical texts were being translated into local languages.

Since the [[schism]] occurring as a result of the political and [[Christology|Christological]] controversies at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]] (451 A.D.), the portion of the Church of Alexandria loyal to Chalcedonian [[Christology]] has liturgically been Greek-speaking, the majority of its native (i.e., Coptic) population and their modern descendents becoming a part of the '''[[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Church]]''' (i.e., [[Oriental Orthodox|non-Chalcedonian]]).

== The Church today ==
In recent years, a considerable missionary effort was enacted by Pope [[Petros VII (Papapetrou) of Alexandria|Petros VII]]. During his seven years as patriarch (1997-2004), he worked tirelessly to spread the Orthodox Christian [[faith]] in Arab nations and throughout Africa, raising up native [[clergy]] and encouraging the use of local languages in the liturgical life of the Church. Missions spread and thrived in Kenya, Uganda, [[Madagascar]], [[Cameroon]], and elsewhere across the African continent.

Particularly sensitive to the nature of Christian expansion into [[Islam|Muslim]] countries, His Beatitude worked to promote mutual understanding and respect between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. His efforts were ended as the result of a helicopter crash on [[September 11]], 2004, in the Aegean Sea near Greece, killing him and several other clergy, including Bishop [[Nektarios (Kellis) of Madagascar|Nektarios of Madagascar]], another bishop with a profound missionary vision.

Today, some 300,000 Orthodox Christians comprise the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the highest number since the [[Roman Empire]]. The current primate of the Church of Alexandria is His Beatitude [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]], Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa.

==The Episcopacy==
===The Holy Synod===
*His Beatitude [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]], Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa
*His Eminence [[Paul (Lyngris) of Memphis|Paul (Lyngris)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Memphis|Memphis]]
*His Eminence [[Dionysios (Hatzivasiliou) of Leontopolis|Dionysios (Hatzivasiliou)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Leontopolis|Leontopolis]]
*His Eminence [[Petros (Giakoumelos) of Aksum|Petros (Giakoumelos)]], Elder Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Aksum|Aksum]]
*His Eminence [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya|Makarios (Tillyrides)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]]
*His Eminence [[Jonah (Lwanga) of Kampala|Jonah (Lwanga)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Kampala and All Uganda]]
*His Eminence [[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Johannesburg and Pretoria|Damaskinos (Papandreou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria|Johannesburg and Pretoria]]
*His Eminence [[Alexandros (Gianniris) of Nigeria|Alexander (Gianniris)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
*His Eminence [[Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas) of Tripoli|Theophylaktos (Tzoumerkas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Tripolis|Tripolis]]
*His Eminence [[Sergios of the Cape of Good Hope|Sergios (Kykkotis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope|the Cape of Good Hope]]
*His Eminence [[Alexios (Leontaritis) of Carthage|Alexios]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Carthage|Carthage]]
*His Eminence [[Ieronymos (Muzeeyi) of Mwanza|Ieronymos (Muzeeyi)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Mwanza]]
*His Eminence [[Kallinikos (Pippas) of Pilousion|Kallinikos (Pippas)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Pilousion|Pilousion]]
*His Eminence [[Proterios (Pavlopoulos) of Ptolemais|Proterios (Pavlopoulos)]], Metropolitan of [[Metropolis of Ptolemais|Ptolemais]]
*His Eminence [[Seraphim (Kykkotis) of Zimbabwe|Seraphim (Kykkotis)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
*His Eminence [[Nicholas of Ermoupolis|Nicholas]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis|Ermoupolis]]
*His Eminence [[Dimitrios (Zaharengas) of Irinopolis|Dimitrios (Zaharengas)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Irinopolis|Irinopolis]]
*His Eminence [[Nikiforos (Mikragiannanitis) of Central Africa|Nikiforos (Mikragiannanitis)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Central Africa]]
*His Eminence [[Emmanuel (Kiagias) of Khartoum|Emmanuel (Kiagias)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Khartoum and Sudan]], Exarch of All Sudan
*His Eminence [[Gregory (Stergiou) of Cameroon|Gregory (Stergiou)]], Metropolitan of [[Archdiocese of Cameroon|Cameroon]], Exarch of Central Africa
*His Eminence [[George (Vladimirou) of Accra|George (Vladimirou)]], Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Accra|Accra]]
*His Eminence [[Ioakeim (Kontobas) of Zambia|Ioakeim (Kontobas)]], Archbishop of [[Diocese of Zambia|Zambia]]

===Diocesan Bishops===
*His Grace [[Savvas (Heimonettos) of Burundi and Rwanda|Savvas (Heimonettos)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda|Burundi]]
*His Grace [[Ignatios (Sennis) of Madagascar|Ignatios (Sennis)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
*His Grace [[Meletios (Kamiloudes) of Katanga|Meletios (Kamiloudes)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Katanga|Katanga]]
*His Grace [[Theodoros (Dimitriou) of Mozambique|Theodoros (Dimitriou)]], Bishop of [[Diocese of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
*His Grace [[Gennadios of Botswana]], Bishop of Botswana

===Auxiliary Bishops===
*His Grace Athanasios of Cyrene
*His Grace Gabriel of Mareotis
*His Grace Spyridon of Kanopou
*His Grace Nikodemos of Nitria
*His Grace Niphon of Babylon

===Titular Archbishops===
*His Excellency Theoklitos of Helioupolis
*His Excellency Philemon of Karvasos
*His Excellency Ioakeim of Tamiathus
*His Excellency Porfyrios of Thivais
*His Excellency Kyrillos of Nafkratis

===Retired Bishops===
*His Eminence [[Panteleimon (Lampadarios) of Antinoe|Panteleimon of Antinoe]]

==Holy Archdioceses and Bishoprics==

{| border="1"
!Archdiocese||Established||See||Jurisdiction
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Memphis]]||??||Heliopolis, Cairo - '''Egypt'''||
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Leontopolis]]||??||Ismailia - '''Egypt'''||''Ismailia, Suez, Zagzik''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Pilousion]]||??||Port Said - '''Egypt'''||''Port Said, Mansoura, Damiette, Kantara''
|-
|[[Metropolis of Ptolemais|Archdiocese of Ptolemais]]||??||Minia - '''Egypt'''||''Upper Egypt, Luxor, Aswan, Minia, Fayum, Asiut, Beni Suef''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Ermoupolis]]||??||Tanta – '''Egypt'''||
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Tripolis]]||1866, 1959, 2004||Tripoli - Libya||''''[[Libya]]''''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Carthage]]||1931||Tunis - Tunisia||'''[[Tunisia]], Algeria, Mauritania, [[Morocco]]'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Cyrene]]||2009||||''Marsa Matrouh in Egypt''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Khartoum and All Sudan|Archdiocese of Khartoum]]||??||Khartoum - Sudan||'''Sudan'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Aksum]]||??||Addis-Abeba - Ethiopia||'''Ethiopia, [[Eritrea]], [[Djibouti]], Somalia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kenya]]||??||Nairobi - Kenya||'''Kenya'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda]]||1959||Kampala - [[Uganda]]||'''Uganda'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Accra]]||1997, 2009||Accra - [[Ghana]]||'''Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, [[Sierra Leone]], Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Gambia'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Nigeria]]||1997, 2004||Lagos - Nigeria||'''Nigeria, Niger, Benin, Togo'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Cameroon]]||??||Yaounde - Cameroon||'''Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea''', Islands of '''St Thomas''' and '''Principe'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Central Africa]]||??||Kinshasa - Democratic Republic of Congo||'''Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo-Brazaville (Republic of the Congo)'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Katanga]]||2006, 2009||Lubumbasi - Congo||''Katanga Province in the Congo''
|-
|[[Diocese of Burundi and Rwanda]]||2009||Bujumbura in Burundi||'''Burundi, Rwanda''', ''a great area of the Eastern Congo''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Mwanza]]||??||Bukoba - Tanzania||'''Tanzania'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Irinoupolis]]||1959||Dar-es-Salaam - Tanzania||'''Tanzania, Seychelle Islands'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zambia]]||2001, 2009||Lusaka - Zambia||'''Zambia, Malawi'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Zimbabwe]]||??||Harare - Zimbabwe||'''Zimbabwe, [[Angola]], Malawi, Botswana'''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of Johannesburg and Pretoria]]||1927||Johannesburg - South Africa||''(The areas from East Africa, the Equator down to the Cape of Good Hope)''
|-
|[[Archdiocese of the Cape of Good Hope]]||1968||Cape Town - South Africa||'''Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho''', and the following areas of the Cape (West and East): ''Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Welkom, George, Knysna, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, all Natal''
|-
|[[Diocese of Mozambique]]||2006||Maputo - Mozambique||'''Mozambique'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Madagascar]]||1997||Antananarivo - Madagascar||'''Madagascar''', Islands of '''Mauritius, Reunion, Comores, Maillot'''
|-
|[[Diocese of Brazzaville and Gabon]]||2010||Brazzaville||Congo, Brazzaville, Gabon
|}

== See also ==
*[[Orthodoxy in Africa]]
*[[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]

==External links==
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?lang=en The Patriarchate of Alexandria] (Official site)

*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=001003 Previous Patriarchs]
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/makarios_patriarchate_alexandria.html History of the Patriarchate]


==Sources==
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=004001 Patriarchate of Alexandria website - Archdioceses]
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=004002 Patriarchate of Alexandria website - Dioceses]
*[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=14&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 Eastern Christian Churches: Patriarchate of Alexandria] by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar

{{churches}}

[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa|Alexandria]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Alexandria]]

[[ar:بطريركية الإسكندرية للروم الأرثوذكس]]
[[bg:Александрийска патриаршия]]
[[es:Iglesia Ortodoxa de Alejandría]]
[[fr:Église d'Alexandrie]]
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Alexandriei]]

Aimilianos (Vafeidis)

2019-09-01T06:01:26Z

Magda: fixed html

[[Image:Aimilianos.jpeg|thumb|left| The Elder Archimandrite Aimilianos]]
The Elder [[Archimandrite]] '''Aimilianos (Vafeidis)''' (October 1934 – May 9, 2019), [[monastic]], was the [[abbot]] of [[Simonopetra Monastery (Athos)|Simonopetra Monastery]] from 1974 to 2000. As a young [[monk]], Elder Aimilianos looked forward to a career as a foreign [[missionary]]. Assigned to a [[monastery]], the Elder experienced a spiritual crisis from which he emerged a man, supremely energized, and dedicated to revitalization of monastic life.

==Life==
Alexandros Vapheides was born in Piraeus, Greece, in October 1934. His higher level education began with his studies at the University of Athens where he received, in 1959, a degree in theology. His intentions were to enter the [[Holy Orders]], become a [[priest]], and then become a foreign missionary. After consulting with his friend [[Anastasios (Yannoulatos) of Albania|Anastasios Yannoulatos]] (now Archbishop of Albania), who supported his intention, but thought he should prepare for this work by spending time at a monastery. Yannoulatos had him contact the [[Bishop]] of Trikala, who he thought would initiate the young Alexandros into a monastic life.

Entering a monastic life, Alexandros was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name Aimilianos on [[December 9]], 1960 and two days later, [[December 11]], he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]]. On [[August 15]], 1961, Dn. Aimilianos was ordained a [[hieromonk]]. His bishop then had him spend time at several monasteries before placing him at the Monastery of St. Vissarion in the foothills of the Pindus Mountains. It was while at St. Vissarion Monastery that Father Aimilianos seemed to have had a kind of spiritual crisis and profound religious experience that transformed him radically and influenced his subsequent work, a transformation that made the young twenty seven year old hieromonk into a charismatic elder.

Emerging from the experience, Fr. Aimilianos was a different man, like the dramatic conversion of [[Apostle Paul|St. Paul]], he had become energized and single-mindedly dedicated to the revitalization of monastic life. He was soon appointed [[abbot]] of Meteora with the additional duties as diocesan preacher and confessor. As a preacher he soon took the Meteora region captive as his brilliant, mesmerizing speeches resonated especially with the young people who came in great numbers to hear him. Having heard Fr. Aimilianos, many were attracted to a monastic life under his guidance, so that soon he headed a large and dynamic community.

With his fame as well as the natural attraction of Meteora many tourists came, adding to the pressures on the community. As life at Meteora became increasing difficult under the pressures of tourism, an opportunity arose when the governing body of [[Mount Athos]] invited him and his community of monks and [[novice]]s, in 1983, to repopulate the ancient [[Simonopetra Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of Simonopetra]], that under the charismatic elder the organization and structure of life of which was dramatically altered.

Elder Aimilianos also founded, in 1974, Panagia Philanthropini, a Center for Social Advancement and Medical Prevention and Research, (Our Lady, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Who Loves Humankind) that is located in northern Greece, near the town of Ormylia, Chalkidike. The center functions as an adjunct to the [[Cenobium of the Annunciation (Ormylia, Chalkidiki)|Sacred Convent of the Annunciation of the Mother of God]], a large monastic community with over 120 [[nun]]s from various nations—the majority of whom hold university degrees. The convent is a dependency of the Monastery of Simonos Petras on Mount Athos.

Elder Aimilianos retired as abbot in 2000.

==Source==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517094442/http://elderaimilianos.blogspot.com/ '''Archive of''' Elder Aimilianos of Simonopetra]

==Bibliography==
''' In English'''
*'''The Way of the Spirit: Reflections on Life in God'''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos of Simonopetra, translated by Fr. Maximos Constas. Indiktos Publishing Company, 2008. 400 pages. ISBN 978-9605183394.
*'''The Mystical Marriage: Spiritual Life According to St. Maximos the Confessor'''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos of Simonopetra, translated by Fr. Maximos Constas. New Rome Press, 2018. 202 pages. ISBN 978-1939028815.
* ''Spiritual Instruction and Discourses, Volume 1: The Authentic Seal''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos. Ormylia, Halkidiki: Ormylia Publishing, 1999. 400 pages. ISBN 9608560330. (Available in North America from [http://www.alexanderpress.com Alexander Press] or [http://www.alexiapublications.com/ Alexia Publications].) <ref> An excerpt from this book, ''Orthodox Spirituality and the Technological Revolution'' is available at [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/AimilianosTechnology.php OrthodoxyToday.org] </ref>
*''The Church At Prayer - The Mystical Liturgy Of The Heart''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos. ISBN 960-518-251-3.
* ''The Living Witness of the Holy Mountain: Contemporary Voices from Mount Athos''. Translated with introduction and notes by Hieromonk [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]]. South Canaan, PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, 1996. 311 pages. ISBN 1878997483. (Available in the UK from Orthodox Christian Book Service, 95 Spencer Street, Birmingham B18 6DA.)


'''In Greek (original texts)'''
* ΧΑΡΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΟΔΟΣ - ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΒΙΟ ΤΟΥ ΟΣΙΟΥ ΝΕΙΛΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΛΑΒΡΟΥ. ISBN 9789605183585
* «Ασκητικά» ο Λόγος περί Νήψεως του Αρχ. Αιμιλιανού Σιμωνοπετρίτου, ερμηνεία στον Άγ. Ησύχιο (Prologue by Bishop Kallistos Ware) No. of Pages. 632. ISBN 9789605183028

== Notes ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517094442/http://elderaimilianos.blogspot.com/ '''Archive of''' Elder Aimilianos blog]
*[http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/AimilianosTechnology.php ''Orthodox Spirituality and the Technological Revolution''] by Archimandrite Aimilianos, Posted: 28-Nov-05 on OrthodoxyToday.org

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o7tjdVgEYU Aimilianos of Simonopetra: A Modern Elder of the Church] Video by Patristic Nectar Publications
*[https://pemptousia.com/2019/05/elder-aimilianos-simonopetritis-has-departed-this-life/ "Elder Aimilianos Has Departed This Life"]

[[Category:Athonite Fathers]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Aimilianos (Vafeidis)

2019-09-01T06:00:02Z

Magda: updated links, may his memory be eternal, added two books to bibliography

[[Image:Aimilianos.jpeg|thumb|left| The Elder Archimandrite Aimilianos]]
The Elder [[Archimandrite]] '''Aimilianos (Vafeidis)''' (October 1934 – May 9, 2019), [[monastic]], was the [[abbot]] of [[Simonopetra Monastery (Athos)|Simonopetra Monastery]] from 1974 to 2000. As a young [[monk]], Elder Aimilianos looked forward to a career as a foreign [[missionary]]. Assigned to a [[monastery]], the Elder experienced a spiritual crisis from which he emerged a man, supremely energized, and dedicated to revitalization of monastic life.

==Life==
Alexandros Vapheides was born in Piraeus, Greece, in October 1934. His higher level education began with his studies at the University of Athens where he received, in 1959, a degree in theology. His intentions were to enter the [[Holy Orders]], become a [[priest]], and then become a foreign missionary. After consulting with his friend [[Anastasios (Yannoulatos) of Albania|Anastasios Yannoulatos]] (now Archbishop of Albania), who supported his intention, but thought he should prepare for this work by spending time at a monastery. Yannoulatos had him contact the [[Bishop]] of Trikala, who he thought would initiate the young Alexandros into a monastic life.

Entering a monastic life, Alexandros was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] and given the name Aimilianos on [[December 9]], 1960 and two days later, [[December 11]], he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]]. On [[August 15]], 1961, Dn. Aimilianos was ordained a [[hieromonk]]. His bishop then had him spend time at several monasteries before placing him at the Monastery of St. Vissarion in the foothills of the Pindus Mountains. It was while at St. Vissarion Monastery that Father Aimilianos seemed to have had a kind of spiritual crisis and profound religious experience that transformed him radically and influenced his subsequent work, a transformation that made the young twenty seven year old hieromonk into a charismatic elder.

Emerging from the experience, Fr. Aimilianos was a different man, like the dramatic conversion of [[Apostle Paul|St. Paul]], he had become energized and single-mindedly dedicated to the revitalization of monastic life. He was soon appointed [[abbot]] of Meteora with the additional duties as diocesan preacher and confessor. As a preacher he soon took the Meteora region captive as his brilliant, mesmerizing speeches resonated especially with the young people who came in great numbers to hear him. Having heard Fr. Aimilianos, many were attracted to a monastic life under his guidance, so that soon he headed a large and dynamic community.

With his fame as well as the natural attraction of Meteora many tourists came, adding to the pressures on the community. As life at Meteora became increasing difficult under the pressures of tourism, an opportunity arose when the governing body of [[Mount Athos]] invited him and his community of monks and [[novice]]s, in 1983, to repopulate the ancient [[Simonopetra Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of Simonopetra]], that under the charismatic elder the organization and structure of life of which was dramatically altered.

Elder Aimilianos also founded, in 1974, Panagia Philanthropini, a Center for Social Advancement and Medical Prevention and Research, (Our Lady, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Who Loves Humankind) that is located in northern Greece, near the town of Ormylia, Chalkidike. The center functions as an adjunct to the [[Cenobium of the Annunciation (Ormylia, Chalkidiki)|Sacred Convent of the Annunciation of the Mother of God]], a large monastic community with over 120 [[nun]]s from various nations—the majority of whom hold university degrees. The convent is a dependency of the Monastery of Simonos Petras on Mount Athos.

Elder Aimilianos retired as abbot in 2000.

==Source==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517094442/http://elderaimilianos.blogspot.com/ '''Archive of''' Elder Aimilianos of Simonopetra]

==Bibliography==
''' In English'''
*'''The Way of the Spirit: Reflections on Life in God'''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos of Simonopetra, translated by Fr. Maximos Constas. Indiktos Publishing Company, 2008. 400 pages. ISBN 978-9605183394.
*'''The Mystical Marriage: Spiritual Life According to St. Maximos the Confessor'''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos of Simonopetra, translated by Fr. Maximos Constas. New Rome Press, 2018. 202 pages. ISBN 978-1939028815.
* ''Spiritual Instruction and Discourses, Volume 1: The Authentic Seal''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos. Ormylia, Halkidiki: Ormylia Publishing, 1999. 400 pages. ISBN 9608560330. (Available in North America from [http://www.alexanderpress.com Alexander Press] or [http://www.alexiapublications.com/ Alexia Publications].) <ref> An excerpt from this book, ''Orthodox Spirituality and the Technological Revolution'' is available at [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/AimilianosTechnology.php OrthodoxyToday.org] </ref>
*''The Church At Prayer - The Mystical Liturgy Of The Heart''. By Archimandrite Aimilianos. ISBN 960-518-251-3.
* ''The Living Witness of the Holy Mountain: Contemporary Voices from Mount Athos''. Translated with introduction and notes by Hieromonk [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]]. South Canaan, PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, 1996. 311 pages. ISBN 1878997483. (Available in the UK from Orthodox Christian Book Service, 95 Spencer Street, Birmingham B18 6DA.)


'''In Greek (original texts)'''
* ΧΑΡΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΟΔΟΣ - ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΒΙΟ ΤΟΥ ΟΣΙΟΥ ΝΕΙΛΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΛΑΒΡΟΥ. ISBN 9789605183585
* «Ασκητικά» ο Λόγος περί Νήψεως του Αρχ. Αιμιλιανού Σιμωνοπετρίτου, ερμηνεία στον Άγ. Ησύχιο (Prologue by Bishop Kallistos Ware) No. of Pages. 632. ISBN 9789605183028

== Notes ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517094442/http://elderaimilianos.blogspot.com/ '''Archive of''' Elder Aimilianos blog]
*[http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/AimilianosTechnology.php ''Orthodox Spirituality and the Technological Revolution''] by Archimandrite Aimilianos, Posted: 28-Nov-05 on OrthodoxyToday.org
<!-- *[http://www.fhc.org/ypsosis/holycrossmonastery/en/elder_sub3.html Extract from ''O Holy Mountain''] by Fr Basil Pennington (for a photo of Archim. Aimilianos) ---?
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o7tjdVgEYU Aimilianos of Simonopetra: A Modern Elder of the Church] Video by Patristic Nectar Publications
*[https://pemptousia.com/2019/05/elder-aimilianos-simonopetritis-has-departed-this-life/ "Elder Aimilianos Has Departed This Life"]

[[Category:Athonite Fathers]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Akathist

2019-03-31T13:13:46Z

Magda: /* Relating to the Theotokos */Alphabetize

An '''akathist''' (Greek, ''akathistos'') is a [[hymn]] dedicated to a [[saint]], [[Great Feasts|holy event]], or one of the persons of the [[Holy Trinity]]. The word ''akathist'' itself means "not sitting." The akathist ''par excellence'' is that written in the 6th century to the [[Theotokos]]. In its use as part of the Salutations to the Theotokos service (used in the Byzantine tradition during [[Great Lent]]), it is often known by its Greek or Arabic names, '''''Chairetismoi''''' and '''''Madayeh''''', respectively.

The writing of akathists (occasionally spelled ''acathist'') continues today as part of the general composition of an [[akolouthia]], especially in the Slavic tradition, although not all are widely known nor translated beyond the original language. Isaac E. Lambertsen  has done a large amount of translation work, including many different akathists. Most of the newer akathists are pastiche, that is, a generic form imitating the original 6th century akathist into which a particular saint's name is inserted.

There is more than one [[icon]] "of the Akathist": the [[Chilandari Monastery (Athos)|Hilandar]] icon ([[January 12]]), the [[Dionysiou Monastery (Athos)|Dionysiou]] icon ([[March 27]] and Fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]), and the [[Zographou Monastery (Athos)|Zographou]] icon ([[October 10]]).
{{Services}}
==Structure==
The [[Trisagion Prayers]] are often said as a prelude to the akathist hymn. The akathist hymn itself is divided into thirteen parts, each of which has a [[kontakion]] and an [[oikos]]. The kontakion usually ends with the exclamation: "Alleluia!" Within the latter part of the oikos comes an anaphoric entreaty, such as "Come!" or "Rejoice!" The thirteenth kontakion (which does not have a corresponding ikos) is usually followed by the repetition of the first ikos and kontakion. After the thirteen kontakia and ikoi, additional prayers are added, such as a [[troparion]] and another kontakion. In some akathists, [[Psalms]] are also included.

==Akathists==

===Relating to the Trinity===

'''Akathist to'''

*the [[Holy Trinity]]
*[[Jesus|Our Lord, the Most Sweet Jesus]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_christ.shtml 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_en.htm 2], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_CC.html 3], [http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/akswjs.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Suloisimmalle_Herrallemme_Jeesukselle_Kristukselle.htm 5] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cnen.htm 6] (Chinese and English), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cn.htm 7] (Chinese)
*Jesus Christ for a Loved One who has Fallen Asleep
*the [[Passion|Divine Passion of Christ]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_passion.shtml 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_Jumalallisille_Karsimyksille.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_cn.htm 4] (Chinese)
*Jesus, Light to those in Darkness - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/articles/Lawrence.Akathist_To_Jesus.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistlight.html 2]
*the [[Holy Spirit]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Hengelle.htm] (Finnish)

===Relating to the Theotokos===

[[Image:Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos icon.jpg|right|frame|Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos]]

When the word ''akathist'' is used alone, it most commonly refers to the original hymn by this name, the 6th century Akathist to the [[Theotokos]], attributed to St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (though this attribution is hotly debated). This hymn is often split into four parts and sung at the "Salutations to the Theotokos" service on the first four Friday evenings in [[Great Lent]]; the entire Akathist is then sung on the fifth Friday evening. Traditionally it is included in the [[Orthros]] of the fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]. In [[monastery|monasteries]] of [[Mount Athos|Athonite]] tradition, the whole Akathist is usually inserted nightly at [[Compline]].

The four sections into which the Akathist is divided correspond to the themes of the [[Annunciation]], [[Nativity]], [[Christ]], and the [[Theotokos]] herself.

The hymn itself forms an alphabetical acrostic—that is, each ''oikos'' ("house," possibly from the Syriac terminology) begins with a letter of the Greek alphabet, in order—and it consists of twelve long and twelve short oikoi. Each of the long oikoi include a seven-line stanza followed by six couplets, employing rhyme, assonance, and alliteration, beginning with the word ''Chaire'' (translated as either "Hail!" or "Rejoice!") and ending with the refrain, "Hail, Bride without bridegroom!" In the short oikoi, the seven-line stanza is followed by the refrain, "[[Alleluia]]!"

The Salutations to the Theotokos service, often known by its Greek name, the ''Chairetismoi'' (from the ''Chaire!'' so often used in the hymn), consists of [[Compline]] with the Akathist hymn inserted. It is known in Arabic as the ''Madayeh''.

'''Akathist of the'''
*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Protection of the Mother of God|Protection (or Covering) of the Theotokos]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistprotection.html 1]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

'''Akathist to the'''
*'''Holy Virgin Theotokos''' (by St. Roman the Melodist)
:English - [http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/08/akathist-to-the-theotokos/ 1], [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_theotokos.shtml 2], [http://www.stsymeon.com/akathist.html 3], [http://www.goarch.org/en/Chapel/liturgical_texts/vaporis_akathist.asp 4], [http://www.bright.net/~palamas/CyberPsaltiri/Triodion/FriSalutations.htm 5], [http://www.stirene.org/library/liturgical_akathist.html 6], [http://www.orthodoxchristian.info/pages/Akathist.htm 7], [http://www.pomog.org/akathist.shtml 8], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/akathis.html 9], [http://www.gocanada.org/liturgicaltexts/akathist.htm 10], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/m_akathist_e.htm 11], [http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF 12] (PDF), [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-the-theotokos.pdf 13] (PDF)
:Other - [http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/mere-de-dieu/md-acathiste.htm 14] (French), [http://vi06n140.members.eunet.at/ugcc/eunet_02/AkathistosDt.pdf 15] (German-PDF), [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/spanish/akathisto_virgen.htm 16] (Spanish) [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Jumalansynnyttajalle.htm 17] (Finnish)
*Burning Bush of the Theotokos - [http://www.ocadow.org/music/akathist_socal_1007.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/ac15.html 2] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos "Keeper of the Portal" of [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iviron]] - [http://orthodoxhawaii.org/files/Services/Original-Iveron-Akathist.pdf 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/iviron.html 2], [http://akafisty.ru/download/akafist/03/akafist-pdf-045.pdf 3] (Slavonic), [http://sfantulmunteathos.wordpress.com/2012/01/24/acatistul-maicii-domnului-portarita/ 4] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos, Myrrh-streaming Montreal-Iveron Icon - [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_eng.pdf 1], [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_rus.pdf 2] (Slavonic)
*Theotokos of All Protection - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/protection.html 1]

'''Akathist to the Theotokos,'''
*All-Venerable Abbess to Monasteries of the Entire World
*Daughter of Zion - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistzion.html 1]
*the Deliverer
*the Door-keeper
*the Enricher of the Harvest
*the Inexhaustible Cup - [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/services/akathist_inexhaustible_cup.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/inexhaustible.html 2], [http://www.antiochian.org/1103412970 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_Jumalan%C3%A4idin_ehtym%C3%A4t%C3%B6n_malja_-ikonille Finnish]
*[[Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow|Joy of All Who Sorrow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistjoyofall.html 1]
*the Milkgiver
*Nurturer of Children - [http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/NuturerofChildren.htm 1]
*Our Lady of Sitka - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/Akathist-text.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Port Arthur Mother of God - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/pdf/Akathist-PortArthurMotherOfGod-English.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/98akafist-portarthuricon_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Queen of All (Pantanassa, or "Healer of Cancer") - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/pantanassa.html 1], [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/AKATHIST%20TO%20THE%20MOTHER%20OF%20GOD--Healer%20of%20Cancer02.htm 2]
*Spring of Healing
*Swift to Aid
*Unexpected Joy 

'''Akathist to the Theotokos for''' Reconciliation

'''Akathist to the Theotokos at her'''
*[[Kursk Root Icon|Wonder-working Kursk Root Icon of the Sign]] - [http://eadiocese.org/Orthodoxy/Akathist.kursk.icon.pdf 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistinnok-irkust_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Icon [[Assuage My Sorrows]] (or "[[Stay of Our Sorrows]]")
*Weeping Icon of Boian (Bojan)
*Icon of Felixstowe - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akafmog.htm 1]
*[[Theotokos of Tikhvin|Wonder-working Icon of Tikhvin]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/tikhviniconakathist.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistTikhvin.htm 2] (Church Slavonic)
*Wonder-working Icon of Crasna
*Icon of Seven Arrows (Icon of the Prophecy of Simeon)
*Icon "Theotokos of the Sign" at Novgorod
*Feodorovskaya Icon
*Pochaev (Pochayevskaya) Icon
*Kiev Caves Icon
*Kozelshchanskaya Icon
*Smolensk Icon
*Tikhvin Icon
*Vladimir Icon

===Relating to the [[Great Feasts]]===

'''Akathist of the'''

*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Holy Cross]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_LL.html 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistcross.html 2], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akathist_to_the_Spiritual_Ladder%2C_the_Precious_Cross 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_hengelliselle_portaalle%2C_kalliille_ristille 4] (Finnish)
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Nativity|Nativity of Christ]] - [http://www.sjkp.org/downloads/AkNativity.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_syntymalle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

===Relating to Saints===
Singular - '''Akathist to St.'''

*[[Alexander of Svir]] (Syväri) - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittaja_Aleksanteri_Syvarilaiselle_2.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Alexander Nevsky]]
*Alexis, Man of God
*[[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/servalex.htm 1]
*[[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] - [http://stephenhowanetz.tripod.com/PDF%20FILES/Miscellaneous%20Mixed%20PDF/Akathist%20to%20St%20Alexis%20of%20Wilkes%20Barre.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Anthony Dymsky - [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistDymsky.htm 1] (Church Slavonic)
*[[Anthony the Great]]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/arsenius_of_konevits.htm Arsenius of Konevits] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Arseni_Konevitsalaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Brendan the Navigator]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrbrendan.htm 1] (French)
*[[Chad of Lichfield]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akatchad.htm 1]
*[[Columba of Iona]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrcolomba.htm 1] (French)
*[[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akacuthbert.htm 1]
*[[David|David the Prophet, King of Israel]] - [http://akafist.narod.ru/D/David.htm 1]
*[[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]]
*Dimitri Basarabov
*[[Elijah|Elijah the Prophet]]
*[[Elizabeth the New Martyr]] (Grand Duchess) - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathisttoelizabeth.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/elizabeth.html 2], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_ru.htm 4] (Russian)
*[[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Trophy-bearer and Great Martyr]]
*[[Gregory Palamas]]
*[[Guthlac of Crowland]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akaguth.htm 1]
*[[Herman of Alaska]] - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/liturgical/StHermanAkathist-FullPage.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Ignaty Brianchovich - [http://www.podvorje.orthodoxy.ru/English/Service/StIgnAkf.htm 1]
*[[Innocent of Alaska]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/innocent.html 1], [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/stinnocentakathist.pdf 2] (PDF)
*[[Jacob Netsvetov|Jacob of Alaska]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/July/stjacobakathist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John Chrysostom]] - [http://chrysostom1600.org/sjc1600/akathist/ 1], [http://www.antiochian.org/system/files/Akathist+to+St+John+Chrysostom.pdf 2] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_pyh%C3%A4lle_Johannes_Krysostomokselle%2C_Konstantinopolin_arkkipiispalle Finnish]
*[[John the Forerunner]] - [http://www.osjknights.com/3%20Prayers/Akathist%20to%20Saint%20John%20the%20Baptist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John the Theologian]]
*[[John of Kronstadt]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Johannes_Kronstadtilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] - [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathiststjohn_en.htm 1], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/st_john_service.htm#akathist 2]
*[[John the New of Suceava]]
*[[Joseph the Betrothed]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_joosef_kihlaajalle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Juliana of Lazarevo - [http://stjulianalazarevo.org/akathist_hymn.html 1]
*[[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea]][http://www.kerpc.ru/sacred/luka/molitv 1]
*[[Mary Magdalene]]
*[[Maximus Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the Lemko people 
*[[Menas the Wonder-worker]]
*[[Nektarios of Pentapolis]] - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-st-nektarios-of-aegina.pdf 1] -(PDF),[http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/11/akathist-st-nektarios-aegina/ 2],[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnectarios.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nektariokselle.htm 2] -(Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Myra]] - [http://www.sainthermanchurch.org/Images_files/Akathist%20to%20our%20Father%20Among%20the%20Saints.doc 1] (DOC), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Nikolaokselle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Japan]]
*[[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II, Tsar and Emperor of All Russia, the Passion-bearer]] - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathist.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/nicholas.html 2]
*Nilus, Wonder-worker of Sora - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnilus.html 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nil_sorskille.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Panteleimon]] - [http://stbarnabasonline.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=32 1] (PDF)
*[[Paraskevi]]
*[http://jonathanscorner.com/philaret/ Philaret the Merciful]
*Philothea
*[[Raphael of Brooklyn]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/pa3/straphaelcanonized/hymns/BRAkathist.htm 1], [http://www.networks-now.net/litresswraoc/SVCRaphaelAkathist.htm 2]
*[[Romanos the Melodist]] - [http://www.frederica.com/writings/the-akathist-annunciation-hymn-of-st-romanos.html 1]
*[[Seraphim of Sarov]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisa_Serafim_Sarovilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot, Apostle and Evangelist]]
*[[Spyridon of Trimythous]]
*[[Tikhon of Moscow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/tikhon.html 1]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/tryphon_of_pechenga.htm Trifon (Tryphon) of Pechenga (Petsamo)] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Trifon_Petsamolaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Autuaalle_Ksenia_Pietarilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)

Plural - '''Akathist to'''

*All Saints [http://www.parohia-precupetii-vechi.ro/acatist.htm 1] (Romanian)
*the Chinese martyr saints who died in the Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion - [http://www.asna.ca/resources/akathist-chinese-martyrs-1900.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistmartyrs_en.htm 2]
*to all the Saints that shone forth in the lands of the West - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/aka.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/akatist.pdf 2] (PDF-Romanian)
*Ss. [[Joachim and Anna]] [http://www.churchofourlady.org/Documents/Akathist%20-%20Joachim%20and%20Anna%20(English).pdf] (includes music)
*Ss. [[Apostle Peter|Peter]] and [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] - [http://www.peterandpaul.net/akathist-saints-peter-paul]
*Ss. [http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/sergius_and_herman_of_valaam.htm Sergei and Herman] of Valaam - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisillemme_Sergeille_ja_Hermanille.htm 1] (Finnish)

Local/Diocesan Saints

*Akathist to [[Seraphim Rose]] - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-frseraphim.html 1]
*Akathist to [[Paisios (Eznepidis)|Paisius the Athonite]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akapaisius.htm 1]

===Relating to Angels===

'''Akathist to the'''

*Holy Archangel Michael - [http://cs-people.bu.edu/butta1/akathistarchangelmichael.htm 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_arkkienkeli_Mikaelille.htm 2] - (Finnish)
*Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel
*Guardian Angel

===Other Akathists===
*Akathist for [[Eucharist|Holy Communion]] - [http://www.stvladimirs.ca/library/akathist-holy-communion.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_ehtoolliselle_valmistauduttaessa.htm 2] (Finnish)
*Akathist to the Tomb and the Resurrection of the Lord - [http://gnisios.narod.ru/aktomb.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_elamaa_kantavalle_haudalle.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathisttomb.html 3]
*Akathist to the Resurrection of Christ [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolleista_nousseelle_Kristukselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Akathist "Glory to God for All Things" or "of Thanksgiving" - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-thanksgiving-glory-to-god-for-all-things.pdf 1], [http://www.saintjonah.org/services/thanksgiving.htm 2], [http://www.orthodox.net/akathists/akathist-thanksgiving.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akathist_of_thanksgiving.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_luomakunnalle_3.htm 5] (Finnish)
:The Akathist is often attributed to [[Priest]] Gregory Petrov who died in a Soviet prison camp in 1940, but also to [[Metropolitan]] Tryphon (Prince Boris Petrovich Turkestanov) +1934. The title is from the words of St. [[John Chrysostom]] as he was dying in exile. It is a song of praise from amidst the most terrible sufferings.
*Akathist in Praise of God's Creation (by Metropolitan Tryphon (Turkestanov)) - [http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8228.asp 1]
*Akathist for the Repose of the Departed - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-repose.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolonuneen_nukkuneiden_puolesta.htm 2] (Finnish)

==External links==
===About===
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/akathist-rubrics.html Akathist Rubrics]
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/order-for-reading-canons.html The order for reading canons and akathists when alone]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/order.htm How to Read Canons and Akathists when praying alone]
*[http://www.dormitionorthodoxchurch.org/heavenlyladder1_4.pdf The Akathist Hymn] by Fr. Luke Hartung
*[http://home.it.net.au/~jgrapsas/pages/Akathist.htm Akathist with a brief outline]
*[http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF Akathist] PDF, with western notation
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=17 5th Saturday of Great Lent of the Akathist to the Theotokos] ([[OCA]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100161 Icon of the Mother of God of the Akathist], January 12 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100918 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist"], March 27 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102935 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist" of the Zographou Monastery], October 10 (OCA)

===Collections===
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/akathists.htm Akathists and Canons, online]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathists.html Akathists]

===Other languages===
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/kirkkomusiikki/akatistos.htm Akathists in Finnish]
*[http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/index.html Akathists in Romanian]
*[http://akafist.narod.ru/ Akathists in Russian]

===Other traditions===
*[http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/2005/akathist.htm Akathists For All Occasions: Praying from East to West] by Alexander Roman (Greek Catholic)
*[http://hometown.aol.com/dangellbrown/akathistjoseph.html Akathist to St. Joseph the Betrothed] (Byzantine Catholic)

===Multimedia===
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/multimedia/audio.asp?videoTitle=The%20Akathist%20Hymn&location=/en/services/akathist/eikona/akathist_MSTR.mov Akathist Hymn] (MOV; sound file) chanted by [[Eikona]]
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/chant/akathist/index_html Learn to Chant: The Service of the Salutations to the Most Holy Theotokos] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://www.orthodoxmusic.ru/alb71.e.AKATHIST_TO_THE_DERZHAVNAYA_ICON.html?request_id=53 Akathist to the Derzhavnaya Icon of the Mother of God] CD for sale with sample mp3 tracks

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Hymnography]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

[[el:Ακάθιστος Ύμνος]]
[[es:Acatisto]]
[[fr:Acathiste]]
[[ro:Acatist]]

Akathist

2019-03-31T13:12:10Z

Magda: /* Relating to the Theotokos */added the Milkgiver (no link)

An '''akathist''' (Greek, ''akathistos'') is a [[hymn]] dedicated to a [[saint]], [[Great Feasts|holy event]], or one of the persons of the [[Holy Trinity]]. The word ''akathist'' itself means "not sitting." The akathist ''par excellence'' is that written in the 6th century to the [[Theotokos]]. In its use as part of the Salutations to the Theotokos service (used in the Byzantine tradition during [[Great Lent]]), it is often known by its Greek or Arabic names, '''''Chairetismoi''''' and '''''Madayeh''''', respectively.

The writing of akathists (occasionally spelled ''acathist'') continues today as part of the general composition of an [[akolouthia]], especially in the Slavic tradition, although not all are widely known nor translated beyond the original language. Isaac E. Lambertsen  has done a large amount of translation work, including many different akathists. Most of the newer akathists are pastiche, that is, a generic form imitating the original 6th century akathist into which a particular saint's name is inserted.

There is more than one [[icon]] "of the Akathist": the [[Chilandari Monastery (Athos)|Hilandar]] icon ([[January 12]]), the [[Dionysiou Monastery (Athos)|Dionysiou]] icon ([[March 27]] and Fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]), and the [[Zographou Monastery (Athos)|Zographou]] icon ([[October 10]]).
{{Services}}
==Structure==
The [[Trisagion Prayers]] are often said as a prelude to the akathist hymn. The akathist hymn itself is divided into thirteen parts, each of which has a [[kontakion]] and an [[oikos]]. The kontakion usually ends with the exclamation: "Alleluia!" Within the latter part of the oikos comes an anaphoric entreaty, such as "Come!" or "Rejoice!" The thirteenth kontakion (which does not have a corresponding ikos) is usually followed by the repetition of the first ikos and kontakion. After the thirteen kontakia and ikoi, additional prayers are added, such as a [[troparion]] and another kontakion. In some akathists, [[Psalms]] are also included.

==Akathists==

===Relating to the Trinity===

'''Akathist to'''

*the [[Holy Trinity]]
*[[Jesus|Our Lord, the Most Sweet Jesus]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_christ.shtml 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_en.htm 2], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_CC.html 3], [http://pages.prodigy.net/frjohnwhiteford/akswjs.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Suloisimmalle_Herrallemme_Jeesukselle_Kristukselle.htm 5] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cnen.htm 6] (Chinese and English), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistlordjesus_cn.htm 7] (Chinese)
*Jesus Christ for a Loved One who has Fallen Asleep
*the [[Passion|Divine Passion of Christ]] - [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_passion.shtml 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_Jumalallisille_Karsimyksille.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/passionchrist_cn.htm 4] (Chinese)
*Jesus, Light to those in Darkness - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/articles/Lawrence.Akathist_To_Jesus.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistlight.html 2]
*the [[Holy Spirit]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Hengelle.htm] (Finnish)

===Relating to the Theotokos===

[[Image:Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos icon.jpg|right|frame|Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos]]

When the word ''akathist'' is used alone, it most commonly refers to the original hymn by this name, the 6th century Akathist to the [[Theotokos]], attributed to St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (though this attribution is hotly debated). This hymn is often split into four parts and sung at the "Salutations to the Theotokos" service on the first four Friday evenings in [[Great Lent]]; the entire Akathist is then sung on the fifth Friday evening. Traditionally it is included in the [[Orthros]] of the fifth Saturday of [[Great Lent]]. In [[monastery|monasteries]] of [[Mount Athos|Athonite]] tradition, the whole Akathist is usually inserted nightly at [[Compline]].

The four sections into which the Akathist is divided correspond to the themes of the [[Annunciation]], [[Nativity]], [[Christ]], and the [[Theotokos]] herself.

The hymn itself forms an alphabetical acrostic—that is, each ''oikos'' ("house," possibly from the Syriac terminology) begins with a letter of the Greek alphabet, in order—and it consists of twelve long and twelve short oikoi. Each of the long oikoi include a seven-line stanza followed by six couplets, employing rhyme, assonance, and alliteration, beginning with the word ''Chaire'' (translated as either "Hail!" or "Rejoice!") and ending with the refrain, "Hail, Bride without bridegroom!" In the short oikoi, the seven-line stanza is followed by the refrain, "[[Alleluia]]!"

The Salutations to the Theotokos service, often known by its Greek name, the ''Chairetismoi'' (from the ''Chaire!'' so often used in the hymn), consists of [[Compline]] with the Akathist hymn inserted. It is known in Arabic as the ''Madayeh''.

'''Akathist of the'''
*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Protection of the Mother of God|Protection (or Covering) of the Theotokos]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistprotection.html 1]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

'''Akathist to the'''
*'''Holy Virgin Theotokos''' (by St. Roman the Melodist)
:English - [http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/08/akathist-to-the-theotokos/ 1], [http://www.monachos.net/other/akathist_to_theotokos.shtml 2], [http://www.stsymeon.com/akathist.html 3], [http://www.goarch.org/en/Chapel/liturgical_texts/vaporis_akathist.asp 4], [http://www.bright.net/~palamas/CyberPsaltiri/Triodion/FriSalutations.htm 5], [http://www.stirene.org/library/liturgical_akathist.html 6], [http://www.orthodoxchristian.info/pages/Akathist.htm 7], [http://www.pomog.org/akathist.shtml 8], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/akathis.html 9], [http://www.gocanada.org/liturgicaltexts/akathist.htm 10], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/m_akathist_e.htm 11], [http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF 12] (PDF), [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-the-theotokos.pdf 13] (PDF)
:Other - [http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/mere-de-dieu/md-acathiste.htm 14] (French), [http://vi06n140.members.eunet.at/ugcc/eunet_02/AkathistosDt.pdf 15] (German-PDF), [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/spanish/akathisto_virgen.htm 16] (Spanish) [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Jumalansynnyttajalle.htm 17] (Finnish)
*Burning Bush of the Theotokos - [http://www.ocadow.org/music/akathist_socal_1007.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/ac15.html 2] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos "Keeper of the Portal" of [[Iviron Monastery (Athos)|Iviron]] - [http://orthodoxhawaii.org/files/Services/Original-Iveron-Akathist.pdf 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/iviron.html 2], [http://akafisty.ru/download/akafist/03/akafist-pdf-045.pdf 3] (Slavonic), [http://sfantulmunteathos.wordpress.com/2012/01/24/acatistul-maicii-domnului-portarita/ 4] (Romanian)
*Most Holy Theotokos, Myrrh-streaming Montreal-Iveron Icon - [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_eng.pdf 1], [http://russianorthodoxchurch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/akathist_iveron_montreal_rus.pdf 2] (Slavonic)
*Theotokos of All Protection - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/protection.html 1]

'''Akathist to the Theotokos,'''
*All-Venerable Abbess to Monasteries of the Entire World
*Daughter of Zion - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistzion.html 1]
*the Deliverer
*the Door-keeper
*the Enricher of the Harvest
*the Inexhaustible Cup - [http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/services/akathist_inexhaustible_cup.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/inexhaustible.html 2], [http://www.antiochian.org/1103412970 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_Jumalan%C3%A4idin_ehtym%C3%A4t%C3%B6n_malja_-ikonille Finnish]
*the Milkgiver
*[[Mother of God Joy of All Who Sorrow|Joy of All Who Sorrow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistjoyofall.html 1]
*Nurturer of Children - [http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/NuturerofChildren.htm 1]
*Our Lady of Sitka - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/Akathist-text.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Port Arthur Mother of God - [http://www.archdiocese.ca/resources/pdf/Akathist-PortArthurMotherOfGod-English.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/98akafist-portarthuricon_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Queen of All (Pantanassa, or "Healer of Cancer") - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/pantanassa.html 1], [http://saintjohnwonderworker.org/AKATHIST%20TO%20THE%20MOTHER%20OF%20GOD--Healer%20of%20Cancer02.htm 2]
*Spring of Healing
*Swift to Aid
*Unexpected Joy 

'''Akathist to the Theotokos for''' Reconciliation

'''Akathist to the Theotokos at her'''
*[[Kursk Root Icon|Wonder-working Kursk Root Icon of the Sign]] - [http://eadiocese.org/Orthodoxy/Akathist.kursk.icon.pdf 1], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistinnok-irkust_ru.htm 2] (Russian)
*Icon [[Assuage My Sorrows]] (or "[[Stay of Our Sorrows]]")
*Weeping Icon of Boian (Bojan)
*Icon of Felixstowe - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akafmog.htm 1]
*[[Theotokos of Tikhvin|Wonder-working Icon of Tikhvin]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/tikhviniconakathist.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistTikhvin.htm 2] (Church Slavonic)
*Wonder-working Icon of Crasna
*Icon of Seven Arrows (Icon of the Prophecy of Simeon)
*Icon "Theotokos of the Sign" at Novgorod
*Feodorovskaya Icon
*Pochaev (Pochayevskaya) Icon
*Kiev Caves Icon
*Kozelshchanskaya Icon
*Smolensk Icon
*Tikhvin Icon
*Vladimir Icon

===Relating to the [[Great Feasts]]===

'''Akathist of the'''

*[[Nativity of the Theotokos|Birth of the Theotokos]]
*[[Elevation of the Holy Cross|Holy Cross]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/marc89107/part_LL.html 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistcross.html 2], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akathist_to_the_Spiritual_Ladder%2C_the_Precious_Cross 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_hengelliselle_portaalle%2C_kalliille_ristille 4] (Finnish)
*[[Presentation of the Theotokos|Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple]]
*[[Nativity|Nativity of Christ]] - [http://www.sjkp.org/downloads/AkNativity.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Kristuksen_syntymalle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Dormition|Dormition of the Theotokos]]

===Relating to Saints===
Singular - '''Akathist to St.'''

*[[Alexander of Svir]] (Syväri) - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittaja_Aleksanteri_Syvarilaiselle_2.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Alexander Nevsky]]
*Alexis, Man of God
*[[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/servalex.htm 1]
*[[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre]] - [http://stephenhowanetz.tripod.com/PDF%20FILES/Miscellaneous%20Mixed%20PDF/Akathist%20to%20St%20Alexis%20of%20Wilkes%20Barre.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Anthony Dymsky - [http://www.tbumm.org/Library/AkathistDymsky.htm 1] (Church Slavonic)
*[[Anthony the Great]]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/arsenius_of_konevits.htm Arsenius of Konevits] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Arseni_Konevitsalaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Brendan the Navigator]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrbrendan.htm 1] (French)
*[[Chad of Lichfield]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akatchad.htm 1]
*[[Columba of Iona]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akafrcolomba.htm 1] (French)
*[[Cuthbert of Lindisfarne]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akacuthbert.htm 1]
*[[David|David the Prophet, King of Israel]] - [http://akafist.narod.ru/D/David.htm 1]
*[[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]]
*Dimitri Basarabov
*[[Elijah|Elijah the Prophet]]
*[[Elizabeth the New Martyr]] (Grand Duchess) - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathisttoelizabeth.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/elizabeth.html 2], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_en.htm 3], [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/princess_elizabeth_ru.htm 4] (Russian)
*[[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Trophy-bearer and Great Martyr]]
*[[Gregory Palamas]]
*[[Guthlac of Crowland]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/akaguth.htm 1]
*[[Herman of Alaska]] - [http://dioceseofalaska.org/pdf/liturgical/StHermanAkathist-FullPage.pdf 1] (PDF)
*Ignaty Brianchovich - [http://www.podvorje.orthodoxy.ru/English/Service/StIgnAkf.htm 1]
*[[Innocent of Alaska]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/innocent.html 1], [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/Akathists/stinnocentakathist.pdf 2] (PDF)
*[[Jacob Netsvetov|Jacob of Alaska]] - [http://www.oca.org/PDF/Music/July/stjacobakathist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John Chrysostom]] - [http://chrysostom1600.org/sjc1600/akathist/ 1], [http://www.antiochian.org/system/files/Akathist+to+St+John+Chrysostom.pdf 2] (PDF), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/index.php/Akatistos_pyh%C3%A4lle_Johannes_Krysostomokselle%2C_Konstantinopolin_arkkipiispalle Finnish]
*[[John the Forerunner]] - [http://www.osjknights.com/3%20Prayers/Akathist%20to%20Saint%20John%20the%20Baptist.pdf 1] (PDF)
*[[John the Theologian]]
*[[John of Kronstadt]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Johannes_Kronstadtilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[John Maximovitch|John of Shanghai and San Francisco]] - [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathiststjohn_en.htm 1], [http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/st_john_service.htm#akathist 2]
*[[John the New of Suceava]]
*[[Joseph the Betrothed]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_joosef_kihlaajalle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Juliana of Lazarevo - [http://stjulianalazarevo.org/akathist_hymn.html 1]
*[[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea]][http://www.kerpc.ru/sacred/luka/molitv 1]
*[[Mary Magdalene]]
*[[Maximus Sandovich]], Protomartyr of the Lemko people 
*[[Menas the Wonder-worker]]
*[[Nektarios of Pentapolis]] - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-to-st-nektarios-of-aegina.pdf 1] -(PDF),[http://stnektariosroc.org/2014/11/akathist-st-nektarios-aegina/ 2],[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnectarios.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nektariokselle.htm 2] -(Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Myra]] - [http://www.sainthermanchurch.org/Images_files/Akathist%20to%20our%20Father%20Among%20the%20Saints.doc 1] (DOC), [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhalle_Nikolaokselle.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Nicholas of Japan]]
*[[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II, Tsar and Emperor of All Russia, the Passion-bearer]] - [http://www.serfes.org/royal/akathist.htm 1], [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/nicholas.html 2]
*Nilus, Wonder-worker of Sora - [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathistnilus.html 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_nil_sorskille.htm 2] (Finnish)
*[[Panteleimon]] - [http://stbarnabasonline.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=32 1] (PDF)
*[[Paraskevi]]
*[http://jonathanscorner.com/philaret/ Philaret the Merciful]
*Philothea
*[[Raphael of Brooklyn]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/pa3/straphaelcanonized/hymns/BRAkathist.htm 1], [http://www.networks-now.net/litresswraoc/SVCRaphaelAkathist.htm 2]
*[[Romanos the Melodist]] - [http://www.frederica.com/writings/the-akathist-annunciation-hymn-of-st-romanos.html 1]
*[[Seraphim of Sarov]] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisa_Serafim_Sarovilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Apostle Simon|Simon the Zealot, Apostle and Evangelist]]
*[[Spyridon of Trimythous]]
*[[Tikhon of Moscow]] - [http://www.angelfire.com/nv2/carthusian/Akathist/tikhon.html 1]
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/tryphon_of_pechenga.htm Trifon (Tryphon) of Pechenga (Petsamo)] - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Trifon_Petsamolaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*[[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Autuaalle_Ksenia_Pietarilaiselle.htm 1] (Finnish)

Plural - '''Akathist to'''

*All Saints [http://www.parohia-precupetii-vechi.ro/acatist.htm 1] (Romanian)
*the Chinese martyr saints who died in the Boxer (Yihetuan Movement) Rebellion - [http://www.asna.ca/resources/akathist-chinese-martyrs-1900.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodox.cn/liturgical/akathist/akathistmartyrs_en.htm 2]
*to all the Saints that shone forth in the lands of the West - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/aka.pdf 1] (PDF), [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/pdf/akatist.pdf 2] (PDF-Romanian)
*Ss. [[Joachim and Anna]] [http://www.churchofourlady.org/Documents/Akathist%20-%20Joachim%20and%20Anna%20(English).pdf] (includes music)
*Ss. [[Apostle Peter|Peter]] and [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] - [http://www.peterandpaul.net/akathist-saints-peter-paul]
*Ss. [http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/henkilot/pyhat/karjalan_valistajat/sergius_and_herman_of_valaam.htm Sergei and Herman] of Valaam - [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_Pyhittajaisillemme_Sergeille_ja_Hermanille.htm 1] (Finnish)

Local/Diocesan Saints

*Akathist to [[Seraphim Rose]] - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-frseraphim.html 1]
*Akathist to [[Paisios (Eznepidis)|Paisius the Athonite]] - [http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/akapaisius.htm 1]

===Relating to Angels===

'''Akathist to the'''

*Holy Archangel Michael - [http://cs-people.bu.edu/butta1/akathistarchangelmichael.htm 1] [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_arkkienkeli_Mikaelille.htm 2] - (Finnish)
*Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel
*Guardian Angel

===Other Akathists===
*Akathist for [[Eucharist|Holy Communion]] - [http://www.stvladimirs.ca/library/akathist-holy-communion.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_ehtoolliselle_valmistauduttaessa.htm 2] (Finnish)
*Akathist to the Tomb and the Resurrection of the Lord - [http://gnisios.narod.ru/aktomb.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_elamaa_kantavalle_haudalle.htm 2] (Finnish), [http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathisttomb.html 3]
*Akathist to the Resurrection of Christ [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolleista_nousseelle_Kristukselle.htm 1] (Finnish)
*Akathist "Glory to God for All Things" or "of Thanksgiving" - [http://stnektariosroc.org/files/prayers/akathist-thanksgiving-glory-to-god-for-all-things.pdf 1], [http://www.saintjonah.org/services/thanksgiving.htm 2], [http://www.orthodox.net/akathists/akathist-thanksgiving.html 3], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akathist_of_thanksgiving.htm 4], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_luomakunnalle_3.htm 5] (Finnish)
:The Akathist is often attributed to [[Priest]] Gregory Petrov who died in a Soviet prison camp in 1940, but also to [[Metropolitan]] Tryphon (Prince Boris Petrovich Turkestanov) +1934. The title is from the words of St. [[John Chrysostom]] as he was dying in exile. It is a song of praise from amidst the most terrible sufferings.
*Akathist in Praise of God's Creation (by Metropolitan Tryphon (Turkestanov)) - [http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8228.asp 1]
*Akathist for the Repose of the Departed - [http://users.sisqtel.net/williams/akathist-repose.html 1], [http://www.ortodoksi.net/liturgiset_tekstit/akatistohymnit/akatistos_kuolonuneen_nukkuneiden_puolesta.htm 2] (Finnish)

==External links==
===About===
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/akathist-rubrics.html Akathist Rubrics]
*[http://www.orthodox.net/ustav/order-for-reading-canons.html The order for reading canons and akathists when alone]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/order.htm How to Read Canons and Akathists when praying alone]
*[http://www.dormitionorthodoxchurch.org/heavenlyladder1_4.pdf The Akathist Hymn] by Fr. Luke Hartung
*[http://home.it.net.au/~jgrapsas/pages/Akathist.htm Akathist with a brief outline]
*[http://www.unmercenary.com/pdf/Akathist.PDF Akathist] PDF, with western notation
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=17 5th Saturday of Great Lent of the Akathist to the Theotokos] ([[OCA]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100161 Icon of the Mother of God of the Akathist], January 12 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100918 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist"], March 27 (OCA)
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102935 Icon of the Mother of God "of the Akathist" of the Zographou Monastery], October 10 (OCA)

===Collections===
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/akathists.htm Akathists and Canons, online]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/planet/parastos/akathists.html Akathists]

===Other languages===
*[http://www.ortodoksi.net/tietopankki/kirkkomusiikki/akatistos.htm Akathists in Finnish]
*[http://www.ortodox.as.ro/acatiste/index.html Akathists in Romanian]
*[http://akafist.narod.ru/ Akathists in Russian]

===Other traditions===
*[http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/2005/akathist.htm Akathists For All Occasions: Praying from East to West] by Alexander Roman (Greek Catholic)
*[http://hometown.aol.com/dangellbrown/akathistjoseph.html Akathist to St. Joseph the Betrothed] (Byzantine Catholic)

===Multimedia===
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/multimedia/audio.asp?videoTitle=The%20Akathist%20Hymn&location=/en/services/akathist/eikona/akathist_MSTR.mov Akathist Hymn] (MOV; sound file) chanted by [[Eikona]]
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/chant/akathist/index_html Learn to Chant: The Service of the Salutations to the Most Holy Theotokos] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://www.orthodoxmusic.ru/alb71.e.AKATHIST_TO_THE_DERZHAVNAYA_ICON.html?request_id=53 Akathist to the Derzhavnaya Icon of the Mother of God] CD for sale with sample mp3 tracks

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Hymnography]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]

[[el:Ακάθιστος Ύμνος]]
[[es:Acatisto]]
[[fr:Acathiste]]
[[ro:Acatist]]

Kevin of Glendalough

2018-06-01T16:51:20Z

Magda: /* Return to society */ erd -> herd

[[Image:inp19.jpg|right|frame|St. Kevin of Glendalough]]
Our venerable father '''Kevin of Glendalough, Wonder-worker of Ireland''' (also Coemgen, Caoimhghin, Coemgenus, and Kavin) was the [[abbot]] of Glendalough Monastery. He was born in 498, and fell asleep in the Lord in 618 at the age of 120 years. His feast day is celebrated on [[June 3]].
==Life==
===Birth and childhood===
St. Kevin was born in the year 498 in the Irish province of Leinster to noble parents, perhaps even descendant of the Kings of Leinster. Tradition holds that when he was born, his mother felt no labour pains, and the snow that fell on the day of his birth melted as it fell around the house. An angel is said to have appeared during the child's baptism, telling his parents that the child should be named "Kevin." St. [[Cronan]], the officiating [[priest]], said, "This was surely an angel of the Lord, and as he named the child so shall he be called." So the babe was [[baptism|baptised]] Kevin, Coemgen in the Irish tongue, which means "He of Blessed Birth." He is the first person in history to be called Kevin. His childhood was marked by a horrible temper and dislike of other people, although he loved animals.

===The blackbird's nest===
At the age of seven, his parents sent him to the [[monastery]] run by St. [[Petroc]] in Cornwall. While there, Kevin was kneeling, his arms outstretched in prayer, on the first day of [[Lent]] in a small hut in the wilderness when a blackbird landed in his palm and proceeded to construct a nest. Kevin remained perfectly still, so as not to disturb the bird, for the whole of Lent. Kevin was fed by the blackbird with berries and nuts. By the end of Lent, the last blackbird hatchlings had flown from the nest, which now lay empty in his hand, and Kevin returned to the monastery for the Paschal celebration.

===Kevin's isolation===
After being ordained to the priesthood, Kevin spent seven years as a [[hermit]] in the mountains surrounding Glendalough, which comes from the Gaelic words ''glen'' (meaning "valley") and ''lough'' (meaning "lake"), meaning "Valley of the Two Lakes." He lived in a small, five by seven by three foot cave, now know as St. Kevin's Bed, which was, legend holds, shown to him by an [[angel]]. His life was spent in prayer and self denial, and he lived off herbs and fish an otter that lived in the lake would bring Kevin whenever Kevin visited the lake, which he did in the winter, when he would stand up to his neck in the ice cold water to pray. During one of these sessions of prayer in the Upper Lake of Glendalough (which he preferred to the Lower Lake, because it it was much more remote and colder), he dropped his [[breviary]] into the lake. An otter appeared from the bottom of the lake with the prayer book, unstained or damaged in any way, in its mouth. Henceforth, the otter would bring fish to Kevin for food.

===Return to society===
Kevin returned to society when a farmer, named Dima, followed a cow of his who would continually wander off. The cow would come every day, when the herd was sent out to pasture, to St. Kevin's cave and lick his clothes and feet while he was in prayer. When the cow returned at evening, she would produced unbelievable amounts of milk. Dima, wondering greatly about this, one day resolved to follow the cow. When Dima stumbled upon Kevin's cave, and saw what was the cause of this, he fell to his knees in penitence. Kevin raised him up, and, as Dima was a pagan, taught the farmer about Christ and the [[Gospel]]. Dima eventually begged Kevin to come out of his isolation and teach his family about Christ. After a day of prayer, Kevin saw that it was God's will that he return to society to spread the Gospel. He began by teaching Dima's family, but his tutelage soon grew to dozens of families and he began to attract followers. And so, seeing the need of a central place from which to teach, Kevin decided to establish a monastery.

===Glendalough Monastery===
[[Image:Kevin of Glendalough.jpg|left|frame|St. Kevin of Glendalough]]
However, Kevin could not establish a monastery, since King O'Tool of Glendalough, a pagan, would not allow it. It happened that the king had a much beloved pet goose, which was now old and grey. As time passed, the goose also became so aged and weak that it was soon unable to fly. As a result, the king was very upset, for he loved the goose very much. Hearing of Kevin's sanctity and power, the pagan king sent for him, and asked that he make the beloved goose young. Kevin asked for a payment of whatever land the goose would fly over. As the goose could no longer take flight, O'Toole agreed. When Kevin touched the bird, it grew young, and flew over the entire valley of Glendalough, and on that site the monastery was established.

Rocks were plentiful. The farmers pitched in and built Kevin a monastery in the solitude of Glendalough. The workers agreed to work from when the larks woke till the lambs slept. This grueling work schedule began to affect the quality of construction, and Kevin decided to investigate. It turned out that the larks were apt to rise unfashionably early, and so Kevin told them not to. From that day forth, no skylark has ever been heard in Glendalough. The construction continued, and the monastery was complete.

Soon, other monks came to help teach all who would come to learn, old and young, rich and poor alike. More buildings were added to the little settlement. Among them was the famous tower, which still stands today, along with the large hut used by St. Kevin. Many people from far afield came to Kevin for advice, which he gave freely, and the monastery grew to such fame and renown that it was considered equal to a pilgrimage to Rome for a penitent to travel seven times to Glendalough monastery.

It is said of Kevin that he was the fulfillment of the prophecy of St. [[Patrick of Ireland|Patrick]]—that he was the one to come who would evangelize the region of Ireland just south of Dublin.

===Pilgrimage and death===
Kevin went once, upon the founding of his monastery, to Rome, where he received relics for the monastery. Many years later, his hair and beard white but his eyes sparkling and his step quick and firm, he felt the desire to go once again to Rome. However, he also knew he was bound to the duties of the abbot of the monastery. He went for advice to his old friend, [[Bishop]] Kiernan of Clonmacnoise. Kiernan understood Kevin's longing but he knew that it is better for one missionary to train many others than to leave the others half-trained in order to go to the missions himself. "Birds do not hatch their eggs while they are flying," Kiernan said.

Kevin saw that not to go was a sacrifice, and he knew now where God's will lay. So Kevin continued to teach and advise everyone who came to him until the peaceful June night in 618 when his soul sped heavenward to join the angels and saints around God's throne.

The precise location of Kevin's grave is lost, although it is said that at dusk, when no-one is about, blackbirds will flock to an unmarked cross above a forgotten grave, the grave of a wild boy who held a blackbird's nest in his unwavering, outstretched hand for forty days.

==Miracles==
Saint Kevin loved animals and nature, and many of the miracles attributed to him involve them.

===The Boar and the hounds===
It is said that a hunting party was chasing a boar with their hounds. The boar came upon Saint Kevin in prayer beneath a tree and laid down at his feet. The hounds, when they saw the boar at Kevin's feet, also lay down near the saint, not daring to approach the boar while it was under Kevin's protection. The men decided to ignore these signs and to go ahead and slay the boar. However, a flock of birds landed in the tree, and the hunters took this as a sign and left the boar with Kevin.

===Sheep===
One day in his youth, Kevin was tending sheep for his parents, when along came a small group of beggars seeking food. Touched by their poverty, Kevin gave them four sheep. However, when the sheep were counted at the end of the day, not one was found to be missing.

===Water to ale===
On a day in autumn, Kevin was working in the kitchen at St. Petroc's monastery. He was busy preparing meals for crop gatherers when a number of pilgrims called and asked for food. Kevin, filled with compassion, gave them the harvesters' dinner. He was rebuked by his superiors for his action. He then told the attendants to fill all the ale jars with water and gather together all the bare meat bones. Then he prayed alone and, it is said, the water turned to ale and the bones were covered with meat again.

===The otter===
The otter that rescued Kevin's breviary from the lake and brought him fish also brought fish for his monastery. One day, a monk, overcome with greed, decided to capture and kill the otter and make a fine pair of gloves out of the pelt. The otter, however, sensed the danger and disappeared, never returning to the monastery again.

===King Colman's son===
King Colman of Fælan had lost to early death, which he blamed on evil spirits, all his sons but one, his youngest. In order to protect him, the king entrusted the baby to St. Kevin's care. Unfortunately, the monastery could not provide for the baby, as there were no cows there to give milk for the babe. Kevin, seeing a doe on the monastery grounds, commanded it to nurse the babe prince along with her fawn, which it did. Alas, a she-wolf killed the doe before the child was ready to abandon milk. As a penitence for this murder, the wolf was commanded to provide milk for the baby and the fawn until both were weaned from milk, which the wolf did.

===St. Kevin's apples===
A young man living near the monastery was struck with epilepsy. One day, it was revealed that he would be cured of his malady by eating an apple from the monastery. Unfortunately, the monastery had no apple trees. When Kevin learned of this, he commanded a grove of willows to produce apples, which they did. The young man was cured, and the willows produced apples for over four centuries.

===St. Ciaran's bell===
St. [[Ciaran of Clonmacnoise]] was St. Kevin's soul-friend, and they were very close. When Ciaran approached death, he said: "Let me be carried to a small height." When he looked up at the sky and the vast open air above his head, he said, "Terrible is the way of dying." Then angels went to meet his soul, filling as they did all the space between heaven and earth. He was carried back into the little church, and raising his hands, he blessed his people. Then he told the brethren to shut him up in the church until Kevin should come from Glendalough. Kevin arrived three days after Ciaran's death, having left his monastery as soon as he heard that his closest friend was dying, but he had been very delayed. At once Ciaran's spirit returned from heaven and reentered his body so that he could commune with Kevin and welcome him. The two friends stayed together for a long time, engaged in mutual conversation, and strengthening their friendship. Then Ciaran blessed Kevin, and Kevin blessed water and administered the Eucharist to Ciaran. Ciaran gave his silver bell to Kevin as a sign of their lasting unity.

==Hymns==
===[[Troparion]]===
[[Tone]] Eight

Thou wast privileged to live in the age of saints, O Father Kevin, being baptized by one saint, taught by another, and buried by a third. Pray to God that he will raise up saints in our day to help, support, and guide us in the way of salvation.

===Another Troparion===
Tone Four

With hymns of praise let us all bless the noble Kevin, who by his godly love poureth divine grace into the hearts of those who honor him; for he dwelleth now with the saints and angels in heaven, where he standeth before the throne of the Most High, praying unceasingly for us all.

===[[Kontakion]]===
Tone Five

Forsaking thy noble inheritance, and shunning all the crooked ways of this sin-loving world, thou didst apply thine obedient feet to the straight and narrow path of Christ, eagerly hastening throughout thy life toward the heavenly Sion, where with all the saints and the bodiless hosts thou criest aloud in ecstasy: Let every breath praise the Lord!

===[[Ikos]]===
Ye lofty trees of Ireland, ever move your verdant branches, that with the rustling of your leafs, as with the strings of a multitude of harps, ye may make sweet music for the King of kings; for thus of old did ye delight His faithful servant, the venerable Kevin, with your melodious song, easing the severity of his ascetic life with the beauty of your hymnody, filling his soul with exultation, and causing him to cry aloud: Let every breath praise the Lord!
:''Composed by Reader Isaac Lambertson.''[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/servkevi.htm]

==St. Kevin's Cross==
According to legend, anyone who can wrap his arms around St. Kevin's Cross at Glendalough will receive his wish. St. Kevin's Cross is a fine example of a plain cross, and it was carved from a single granite stone. It is over one meter across the arms. Its ring is very unusual, as it is not perforated at the intersection of the shaft and the arms.

==Further reading==
*''Glendaloch: An illustrated history and guide to St. Kevin's monastic city'', by Kenneth MacGowan
*''Wisdom of the Celtic Saints'', by Edward C. Sellner
*''The Blackbird's Nest: Saint Kevin of Ireland'', by Jenny Schroedel and Doug Montross

==External links==
*[http://www.lionden.info/st.htm St. Kevin's Day]
*[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/servkevi.htm Services for St. Kevin's Day]
*[http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~dvess/ids/medieval/glendalough/glen3.htm St. Kevin's Cross]
*[http://logismoitouaaron.blogspot.com/2009/06/beauteous-shining-birthst-kevin-of.html 'Beauteous Shining Birth'—St Kevin of Glendalough]
*[http://www.comeandseeicons.com/k/inp19.htm Icon of St. Kevin of Glendalough] by the hand of Nicholas Papas
*[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id232.htm Saints Alive: St. Kevin] (Catholic)
*[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintk02.htm Patron Saints Index: Kevin] (Catholic)
*[http://www.hermitage.dublindiocese.ie/ Glendalough Hermitage in Ireland] (Catholic)
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070106211611/http://www.saintkevins.org/stkevin.htm ''Archive of'' Life of St. Kevin] St. Kevin's Parish (Catholic)

[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Saints of the British Isles]]
[[Category:Pre-Schism Western Saints]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category: 7th-century saints]]

Ilia (Katre) of Philomelion

2017-09-13T19:38:31Z

Magda: /* Sources */ fixed link

His Grace, '''Ilia (Katre) of Philomelion''' is the ruling [[bishop]] of the [[Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America]] with the title of Bishop of Philomelion. The Albanian Diocese is under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]].

==Life==
In 1937, Ilia was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan to Albanian immigrants who had emigrated to the United States in 1920. During his youth, he attended the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George whose [[priest]] influenced his decision to become a priest. During this period he learned the Albanian and Greek languages as he completed his secondary education.

While choosing to serve the Albanian community, Ilia chose a theological education at the [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Theological Seminary]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, that would also serve the Greek community. In 1961, he married Helen, with whom he had two children, Sotir Mark and Eugenia. Helen died in 2001.

After his graduation from Holy Cross in 1961, Ilia was [[ordination|ordained]] a priest and was assigned to the Holy Trinity Albanian Orthodox Church in Boston, After serving at Holy Trinity until [[August 31]], 1983, Fr. Ilia continued his education at Holy Cross Seminary where he received a Master of Divinity degree. He then accepted an assignment as Dean of Student Affairs at the [[Hellenic College (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Hellenic College]] and Holy Cross Seminary.

In 1988, he was assigned as priest of St. John Greek Orthodox Church in Las Vegas, Nevada, serving until 2002. During his service at St. John Church, Fr. Ilia was twice sent in 1992 to Albania by [[Patriarch]] [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew]] to assist in the re-organization and re-building the Albanian Church that had almost been destroyed while the country was under communist rule. He also was involved in the construction of a new church, community center, and administration building for the community of St. John.

In 2002, Fr. Ilia was elected to the episcopate by the [[Holy Synod]] of the Church of Constantinople as Bishop of Philomelion to lead the Albanian Orthodox [[Diocese]] of America. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] on [[May 12]], 2002 in Istanbul, Turkey.

In 2004, Bishop Ilia was transferred by Patr. Bartholomew to the [[Church of Albania]] to [[Archbishop]] [[Anastasios (Yannoulatos) of Albania|Anastasios of Tirana]], who assigned Bp. Ilia as [[dean]] of the Resurrection of Christ Theological Academy at St. Vlash Monastery near Durres, Albania. After serving as dean for three year, Bp. Ilia returned as ruling bishop of the Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America.

Bp. Ilia also is serving as acting [[abbot]] of the Patriarchal and Stavropegic Monastery of St. Irene Chrysovalantou in Astoria, New York since December 2010.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Philomelion America|
years=2002-Present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160316092045/http://mgatours.com:80/html/bishop_ilia_katre.html ''Archive of'' Ilia (Katre) of Philomelion]
*[http://www.greeknewsonline.com/?p=14150 Fanar accepts resignations of Paisios and Vikentios, appoints acting abbot]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Philomelion]]
[[Category: Holy Cross Seminary Graduates]]

Timothy (Negrepontis) of Detroit

2017-09-13T19:35:54Z

Magda: /* Sources */ clean-up of format

His Grace '''Timothy''' (secular name '''Michael Negrepontis'''<ref>https://lettersblogatory.com/2012/03/06/negrepontis-giannisis-greece/</ref>, Μιχαήλ Νεγρεπόντης; 7 June 1924 - 11 December 1998<ref>http://www.ancientfaces.com/person/michael-t-negrepontis/22114247</ref>) was a [[bishop]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]], who served as Bishop of Detroit until his retirement in 1995.

==Life==
He was born in 7 June 1924 in Athens, he studied theology at the Theological Faculty of the University of Thessaloniki.

He was ordained to the diaconate on March 7, 1950 and a priest on March 10, 1952.

Bishop Timothy (Negrepontis) was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] on [[January 20]], 1974 at the Holy Cross [[Chapel]] of the [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts as Bishop of Pamphilos and [[auxiliary bishop]] to Archbishop [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos of America]]. He was assigned to lead the Diocese of South America that had its headquarters in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In 1978, Bp. Timothy was appointed to succeed Bp. [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos (Garmatis)]] as Bishop of the Seventh District of Detroit in the United States of America. 15 March 1979 after the re-designation of districts as [[diocese]]s, he was enthroned as Bishop of the [[Metropolis of Detroit|Diocese of Detroit]].

1 August 1995, Bishop Timothy was retired and returned to Greece<ref>Demetrius Kiminas "The Ecumenical Patriarchate"</ref>.

On [[December 11]], 1998, Bp. Timothy died in an Athens hospital following complications from asthma at 74 years old.

The funeral service was chanted on December 15, 1998 at the Church of the Assumption Kaisarianis presided over by Metropolitan New Smyrna Agathangelos. He was buried on [[December 15]], 1998 in Kaisieriani Cemetery.

== Reflist ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* [http://www.goarch.org/news/goa.news525 Former Bishop Timothy of Detroit Dies Suddenly in Athens Hospital]
{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Pamphilos|
years=1974-1978|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=[[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos (Garmatis)]]|
title=Bishop of Detroit GOAA|
years=1978-1995|
after=[[Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit|Nicholas (Pissare)]]}}
{{end box}}
{{stub}}

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Pamphilos]]
[[Category: Bishops of Detroit]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]

Ecumenical Patriarchate in America

2017-09-13T19:34:33Z

Magda: /* Hierarchs */ rm retired bishops, general update

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
The '''[[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in America''' comprises six separate [[jurisdiction]]s, along with a number of [[stavropegial]] institutions, and includes roughly two-thirds of all Orthodox Christians in America. The [[archbishop]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]], by far the largest of Constantinopolitan jurisdictions in the US, is considered the local primate and may convene a [[holy synod]] of all the hierarchs of the Ecumenical throne in America.

While reliable statistics are difficult to come by, the Ecumenical Patriarchate has roughly 500,000 adherents (or up to 2 million, by some estimates) in the United States[http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/quick_question17.html] worshiping at about 750 [[parish]]es and [[monastery|monasteries]] (about 25). It includes 14 defined dioceses (a number of which overlap, since multiple jurisdictions are represented), governed by 19 [[ruling bishop|diocesan]] and [[auxiliary bishop|auxiliary]] [[bishop]]s. Thus Constantinople is by far the largest numerical representation of [[Orthodoxy in America]], including roughly twice as many Orthodox Christians under its [[omophorion]] than all other jurisdictions combined and about two-fifths of all Orthodox bishops in America. Of the ten bishops who are members of [[SCOBA]], four represent Constantinopolitan jurisdictions.[http://www.scoba.us/jurisdictions.html]

==Jurisdictions==
*[[Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America]]
*[[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]]
*[[Belarusian Council of Orthodox Churches in North America]]
*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]
*[[Vicariate for Palestinian-Jordanian Communities in the USA|Vicariate for Palestinian/Jordanian Communities in the USA]]

==Stavropegial institutions==
The [[Sacred Patriarchal and Stavropegial Orthodox Monastery of St. Irene Chrysovalantou (Astoria, New York)|Sacred Patriarchal and Stavropegial Orthodox Monastery of St. Irene Chrysovalantou]] in Astoria, New York, founded in 1972, had historically been part of the [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendarist]] movement (specifically the [[Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece (Florinite)|"Kiousis Synod"]]) but in 1998 came under the [[omophorion]] of the [[Ecumenical Patriarch]]. Though not formally organized as a [[diocese]], the [[monastery]] and its ten [[metochion|metochia]]—two monasteries and eight [[parish]]es—essentially function as a jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the United States (also including one mission in the Central American nation of Belize).

The [[abbot]] and deputy abbot of the monastery are both [[bishop]]s, governing not only the monastery but also the metochia, most of which are in the northeastern United States. Besides an additional monastery in Astoria, New York, and one in North Fort Myers, Florida, there are four parishes in New York, one in Delaware, one in Florida, one in Illinois, and one in Belize.[http://www.stirene.org/Resources/dependencies.htm] (The list at the Greek Archdiocese website also includes a parish in New Jersey.[http://www.goarch.org/en/otherpatriarchal/sta.asp]) The current abbot is [[Metropolitan]] [[Paisios (Loulourgas) of Tyana]], who led the monastery and its metochia into the Ecumenical Patriarchate along with the deputy abbot, Bishop [[Vikentios (Malamatenios) of Apameia]]. Both Paisios and Vikentios were [[ordination|ordained]] upon entry into the patriarchate, as their previous ordinations in the Old Calendarist movement were regarded as invalid.

The monastery and its metochia are [[stavropegial]], directly under the Ecumenical Patriarch, and until recently continued to follow the [[Julian Calendar]], but have been on the [[Revised Julian Calendar]] for some years.

The [[Patriarch Athenagoras Orthodox Institute]] in Berkeley, California, is also a stavropegial institution of the patriarchate.

==Hierarchs==
*Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
** Abp. [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America]]

** Metr. [[Methodios (Tournas) of Boston]]
** Metr. [[Isaiah (Chronopoulos) of Denver]]
** Metr. [[Alexios (Panagiotopoulos) of Atlanta]]
** Metr. [[Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit]]
** Metr. [[Savas (Zembillas) of Pittsburgh]]
** Metr. [[Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco]]
** Metr. [[Evangelos (Kourounis) of New Jersey]]
** Bp. [[Andonios (Paropoulos) of Phasiane]]
** Bp. [[Demetrios (Kantzavelos) of Mokissos]]
** Bp. [[Sevastianos (Skordallos) of Zela]]
** Bp. [[Apostolos (Koufallakis) of Medeia]]

*Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA
** Metr. [[Antony (Scharba) of Hierapolis]]
** Bp. [[Daniel (Zelinsky) of Pamphilon]]

*American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
** Bp. [[Gregory (Tatsis) of Nyssa]]

*Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America
** Bp. [[Ilia (Katre) of Philomelion]]

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses]]

List of American bishops

2017-09-13T19:15:29Z

Magda: /* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, 1996-present */ updated HE Iakovos

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
'''American Orthodox [[bishop]]s''' are men serving as bishops in some capacity, whether with [[diocese]]s or exercising authority of some kind in the United States and Canada. The dates following their names indicate the years during which they served as bishops in America.

==[[Church of Alexandria]]==
===[[Alexandrian Greek Orthodox Catholic Church in the United States]], 1947-1950===
*[[Christopher (Contogeorge) of Pentapolis]], 1947-1950

==[[Church of Antioch]]==

===[[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]], 1924-present===
*[[Alexander (Mufarrij) of Ottawa]], 2004-present
*[[Anthony (Michaels) of Toledo]], 2011-present
*[[Antony (Bashir) of New York]], 1936-1966
*[[Antoun (Khouri) of Miami]], 1981-present
*[[Basil (Essey) of Wichita]], 1992-present
*[[Demetri (Khoury) of Jableh]], 1995-2003 (retired)
*[[Joseph (Al-Zehlaoui) of Los Angeles]], 1995-present
*[[John (Abdalah) of Worcester]], 2011-present
*[[Mark (Maymon) of Toledo]], 2004-2010
*[[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]], 1975-1992
*[[Nicholas (Ozone) of Brooklyn]], 2011-present
*[[Philip (Saliba) of New York]], 1966-2014
*[[Thomas (Joseph) of Charleston and Oakland]], 2004-present
*[[Victor (Abo-Assaley) of New York]], 1924-1934

===[[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Toledo and Dependencies]], 1936-1975===
*[[Michael (Shaheen) of Toledo]], 1962-1975
*[[Samuel (David) of Toledo]], 1936-1958

===[[Syrian Holy Orthodox Greek Catholic Mission in North America]], 1913-1933===
*[[Germanos (Shehadi) of Zahle]], 1913-1933

==[[Church of Constantinople]]==
===[[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]], 1938-present===
*[[Gregory (Tatsis) of Nyssa]] 2012-present
*[[John (Martin) of Nyssa]] 1960-1984
*[[Nicholas (Smisko) of Amissos]] 1983-2011
*[[Orestes (Chornock) of Agathoniketa]] 1938-1977

===[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]], 1921-1996===
*[[Alexander (Demoglou) of Rodostolou|Alexander (Demoglou) of America]], 1922-1930
*[[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of San Francisco]] 1950 - 1960
*[[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou) of America]], 1931-1948
*[[Demetrios (Makris) of Olympus]] 1951-?
*[[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]] 1962 - 1977
*[[Germanos (Polyzoides) of Hierapolis]] 1941-1993
*[[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America]], 1959-1996
*[[Joachim (Alexopoulos) of Boston]] 1923-1930
*[[John (Kallos) of Amoriun]] 1972-?
*[[Kallistos (Papageorgapoulos) of San Francisco]] 1927-1940
*[[Michael (Konstantinides) of America]], 1948-1959
*[[Philaret (Ioannides) of Chicago]] 1923-19xx
*[[Polyevktos (Finfinis) of Aneon|Polyevktos (Finfinis) of Tropaiou]] 1955 - 1960
*[[Theodosios (Sideris) of Ancona]] 1960 - 1967

===[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]], 1996-present===
*[[Alexios (Panagiotopoulos) of Atlanta]], 1999-present
*[[Andonios (Paropoulos) of Phasiane]], 2001-present
*[[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of San Francisco]], 1975-2004
*[[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America]], 1999-present
*[[Demetrios (Kantzavelos) of Mokissos]], 2006-present
*[[Dimitrios (Couchell) of Xanthos]], 1998-present
*[[Evangelos (Kourounis) of New Jersey]], 2003-present
*[[Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco]], 2005-present
*[[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago]], 1979-2017
*[[Isaiah (Chronopoulos) of Denver]], 1992-present
*[[Maximos (Aghiorgoussis) of Pittsburgh]], 1979-present
*[[Methodios (Tournas) of Boston]], 1984-present
*[[Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit]], 1999-present
*[[Savas (Zembillas) of Troas]], 2002-present
*[[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge) of America]], 1996-1999

==[[Church of Jerusalem]], 1922-2008==
*[[Panteleimon of Neapolis]], 1922-1931
*[[Damaskinos (Gaganiaras) of Jappa|Damaskinos (Gaganiaras)]], 2002-2008

==[[Church of Greece]], 1908-1923, 1930==
*Alexander (Demoglou) of Rodostolon, 1921 ''(see above)''
*[[Germanos (Troianos) of Monemvasia and Lacedaemonos]], 1921-1923
*[[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Athens|Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Corinth]] ''(Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, but a bishop of the Church of Greece at the time)''
*[[Meletios IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios (Metaxakis) of Athens]]

===[[Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Metropolis of America and Canada]], 1923-?===
*[[Vasilios (Komvopoulos) of Chaldea]], 1923-?

==[[Church of Russia]], 1794-1924==
:''See also: [[Bishops of the Russian Metropolia in North America]]''

*[[Innocent (Pustynsky) of Alaska]], 1904-1909
*[[Innocent of Alaska|Innocent (Veniaminov) of Kamchatka, the Kurile and Aleutian Islands]], 1840-1853
*[[John (Mitropolsky) of the Aleutians]], 1870-1877
*[[Nestor (Zakkis) of the Aleutians]], 1878-1882
*[[Nicholas (Ziorov) of the Aleutians]], 1891-1898
*[[Paul (Popov) of Novoarkhangelsk]], 1867-1870
*[[Peter (Ekaterinovsky) of Novoarkhangelsk]], 1859-1867
*[[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York]] 1907-1914 1923-1934
*[[Philip (Stavitsky) of Alaska]] 1916-1917
*[[Raphael of Brooklyn|Raphael (Hawaweeny) of Brooklyn]], 1904-1915
*[[Stephen (Dzubay) of Pittsburgh]], 1917-1924
*[[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon (Belavin) of the Aleutians]] 1898-1907
*[[Vladimir (Sokolovsky-Avtonomov) of the Aleutians]], 1888-1891

===[[Russian Exarchate of North America]], 1933-1970===
*[[Adam (Philipovsky)|Adam (Philipovsky) of the Aleutians and North America]], 1943 - 1956
*[[Antoninus (Pokrovsky) of Alaska|Antoninus (Pokrovsky) of Washington]], 1934-1939
*[[Benjamin (Fedchenkov) of the Aleutians]], 1933-1947
*[[Boris (Vik) of the Aleutians]], 1955-1962
*[[Dionysius (Diachenko) of San Francisco]] 1958-1960
*Germogen, 1954
*[[Dositheus (Ivanchenko) of New York]] 19xx - 19xx
*[[John (Wendland) of New York and the Aleutians]], 1963-1967
*[[Jonathan (Kopolovitch) of New York and the Aleutians]], 1967-1970
*[[Makary (Ilyinsky) of New York]], 1947-1953

===[[Russian Orthodox Church in the USA]], 1970-present===
*[[Justinian (Ovchinnikov) of Naro-Fominsk]], 2010-present
*[[Mercurius (Ivanov) of Zaraisk]], 2000-2009?

===[[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]], 1921-present===
*[[Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinev|Anastassy (Gribanovskiy)]], 1950 – 1964
*[[Anthony (Medvedev) of San Francisco|Anthony (Medvedev)]], 1968-2000
*[[Apollinary (Koshevoy) of San Francisco|Apollinary (Koshevoy)]], 1922-1924
*[[Averky (Taushev) of Syracuse|Averky (Taushev)]], 1960-1976
*[[Gabriel (Chemodakov) of Montreal|Gabriel (Chemodakov)]], 1997-present
*[[Gregory (Grabbe) of Washington and Florida|Gregory (Grabbe)]], 1979-1995
*[[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion (Kapral)]], 1984-1996, 2008-present
*[[John (Maximovitch) the Wonderworker|John (Maximovitch)]], 1962-1966
*[[Kyrill (Dmitrieff) of San Francisco|Kyrill (Dmitrieff)]], 1992-present
*[[Laurus (Skurla) of New York|Laurus (Skurla)]], 1967-2008
*[[Philaret (Voznesensky) of New York|Philaret (Voznesensky)]], 1964-1985
*[[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York|Platon (Rozhdestvensky)]], 1921-1924
*[[Theodosius (Ivashchenko) of Seattle|Theodosius (Ivashchenko)]], 2008-present
*[[Tikhon (Troitsky) of San Francisco|Tikhon (Troitsky)]], 1934-1962
*[[Vitaly (Ustinov) of New York|Vitaly (Ustinov)]], 1954-2001

====[[Bulgarian Diocese in Exile]], 1964-1976====
*[[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh]], 1964-1976

===[[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad-PSCA, 2007-Present]]===
*[[Agafangel (Pashkovsky) of Odessa|Agafangel (Pashkovsky)]], 2007-present
*[[Andronik (Kotrliaroff)]], 2007-present
*[[Joseph (Hrebinka)]], 2008-present

==[[OCA|Metropolia/Orthodox Church in America]], 1924-1970, 1970-present==
*[[Adam (Philipovsky)|Adam (Philipovsky) of Philadelphia and the Carpatho-Russians]], 1935 - 1939
*[[Aftimios Ofiesh|Aftimios (Ofiesh) of Brooklyn]], 1917-1930
*[[Alejo (Pacheco y Vera) of Mexico City ]], 2004-present
*[[Alexander (Golitzin) of Toledo]] 2012 - present
*[[Alexis (Panteleev) of Alaska]], 1927-1944
*[[Amphilokhy (Vakulsky) of Alaska]], 1923-1931
*[[Amvrossy (Merejko) of Pittsburgh]], 1967-1972
*[[Anatoloy (Apostlov) of Montreal]], 1961-1962
*[[Antoninus (Pokrovsky) of Alaska]], 1931-1934
*[[Apollinary (Koshevoy) of San Francisco]], 1924-1927
*[[Arseny (Chagovtsov) of Winnipeg]], 1926-1936
*[[Basil (Rodzianko) of San Francisco]], 1980-1984
*[[Benjamin (Basalyga) of Pittsburgh]], 1933-1946, 1952-1963
*[[Benjamin (Peterson) of San Francisco]], 2004-present
*[[Boris (Geeza) of Chicago]], 1978-1988
*[[Dionysius (Diachenko) of Pittsburgh]] 1947-1952?
*[[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas]], 1969-2009
*[[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn]], 1930-1933
*[[Gregory (Afonsky) of Sitka]], 1973-1995
*[[Herman (Swaiko) of Washington and New York]], 1973-2008
*[[Innocent (Gula) of Hagerstown]], 1995-2001
*[[Ireney (Bekish) of New York]], 1953-1977
*[[Irineu (Duvlea) of Dearborn Heights]], 2002-present
*[[Jeronim (Chernov) of Detroit|Jeronim (Chernov) of Eastern Canada]], 1936-1937
*[[Joasaph (Skorodumov) of Calgary]], 1938,1946
*[[Joasph (Antoniuk) of Edmonton]], 1968-1978
*[[Job (Osacky) of Chicago|Job (Osacky) of Chicago and the Midwest]], 1983-2009
*[[John (Garklavs) of Chicago]], 1949-1978
*[[John (Shahovskoy) of San Francisco]], 1947-1973, 1975-1979
*[[John (Ziobin) of Alaska]], 1945-1952
*[[Jonah (Paffhausen) of Washington]], 2008-present
*[[Jonah (Stahlberg) of Washington]], 1951-1955
*[[Kiprian (Borisevich) of Philadelphia]], 1961-1980
*[[Kyrill (Yonchev) of Pittsburgh]], 1976-2007
*[[Lazar (Puhalo) of Ottawa]], 1990-2003
*[[Leonty (Turkevich) of New York]], 1933-1965
*[[Makary (Ilyinsky) of New York|Makary (Iliyinsky) of Brooklyn]], 1935-1946
*[[Mark (Forsberg) of Boston]], 1979-
*[[Mark (Maymon) of Baltimore]], 2011-present
*[[Melchisedek (Pleska) of Pittsburgh]], 2009-present
*[[Michael (Dahulich) of New York]], 2010-present
*[[Nathaniel (Popp) of Detroit]], 1980-present
*[[Nikolai (Soraich) of Sitka]], 2001-2008
*[[Nikon (de Greve) of Brooklyn]], 1948-1983
*[[Nikon (Liolin) of Boston]], 2002-present
*[[Paul (Gavrilov) of Chicago]], 1928-1933
*[[Peter (L'Huillier) of New York]], (in Orthodox Church in America) 1979-2005
*[[Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York]], 1923-1934
*[[Seraphim (Storheim) of Ottawa]], 1987-present
*[[Sylvester (Haruns) of Montreal]], 1963-1981
*[[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington]], 1967-2002
*[[Theophilus (Pashkovsky) of San Francisco]], 1922-1950
*[[Tikhon (Fitzgerald) of San Francisco and Los Angeles]], 1987-2007
*[[Tikhon (Mollard) of Philadelphia]], 2004-present
*[[Valerian (Trifa) of Detroit]], 1960-1983
*[[Varlaam (Novakshonoff) of Vancouver]], 1994-?
*[[Vladimir (Nagosky) of San Francisco]], 1962-1975

===[[American Orthodox Catholic Church]], 1927-1940===
*[[Aftimios Ofiesh|Aftimios (Ofiesh) of Brooklyn]], 1927-1933
*[[Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Brooklyn|Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) of Montreal]], 1927-1930
*[[Ignatius (Nichols) of Washington]], 1932-1933
*[[Joseph (Zuk) of New Jersey]], 1932-1933
*[[Sophronios (Beshara) of Los Angeles]], 1928-1940

==[[Church of Serbia]], 1919-Present==
===[[Serbian Orthodox Church in the USA and Canada]], 1919-Present===
*[[Christopher (Kovacevich) of Midwestern America|Christopher (Kovacevich)]], 1978-2010
*[[Chrysostom (Stolic)]], 1988-1992
*[[Damaskin (Grdanicki)]], 1938-1940
*[[Dionisije (Milivojevich) of United States and Canada|Dionisije (Milivojevich)]], 1940-1963
*[[Fermilian (Ocokoljich) of Midwestern America|Firmilian (Ocokoljic)]], 1963-1992
*[[Gregory (Udicki)]], 1963-1985
*[[Georgije (Djokic) of Canada|Georgije (Djokic)]], 1984-Present
*[[Irinej (Djordjevic)]], 1936-1938
*[[Irinej (Kovacevic)]], 1992-1998
*[[Jovan (Mladenovic)]], 1994-2002
*[[Longin (Krco) of America and Canada|Longin (Krco)]], 1992, 1997-Present
*[[Mardarje (Uskokovich)]], 1926-1935
*[[Maxim (Vasilijevic) of Western America|Maxim (Vasiljevic)]], 2006-Present
*[[Mitrophan (Kodic)]], 1991-Present
*[[Nikolai Velimirovic]], 1919, 1946-1956
*[[Stefan (Lastavica)]], 1963-1966
*[[Sava (Vukovich)]], 1967-1977

===[[New Gracanica Diocese]], 1963-1992===
Diocese considered schismatic by Patriarchate of Serbia from 1963 until 1992 reconciliation.
*[[Dimitrije (Balac)]], 1966-1978
*[[Dionisije (Milivojevic)]], 1963-1979 [see above]

[[Category:Bishops|American bishops]]

Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America

2017-09-13T19:14:18Z

Magda: /* The Episcopacy */ updated HE Iakovos

[[Image:Holy Trinity NYC.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Greek Orthodox Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, New York City]]
The '''Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America''', headquartered in New York City, is an [[eparchy]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. Its current primate is His Eminence Archbishop [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America]].

== History ==
Before the establishment of a Greek Archdiocese in the Western Hemisphere there were numerous communities of Greek Orthodox Christians. The first Greek Orthodox community in the Americas was founded in New Orleans, Louisiana by a small colony of Greek merchants. History also records that on [[June 26]], 1768, the first Greek colonists landed at St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest city in America. The first permanent community was founded in New York City in 1892, today’s Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity and the See of the Archbishop of America. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America was incorporated in 1921 and officially recognized by the State of New York in 1922.

In 1908, the [[Church of Greece]] received authority over the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese but in 1922, Patriarch [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople|Meletios IV]] transferred the archdiocese back to the jurisdiction of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. In 1996, the one Archdiocese was split by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, dividing the administration of the two continents into four parts (America, Canada, Central America, and South America) and leaving only the territory of the United States for the Archdiocese of America.

{{diocese|
name=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|
jurisdiction=[[Church of Constantinople|Constantinople]]|
type=Archdiocese|
founded=1921|
bishop=[[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Abp. Demetrios]]|
see=New York|
hq=New York, New York|
territory=United States|
language=English, Greek|
music=[[Byzantine Chant]]|
calendar=[[Revised Julian Calendar|Revised Julian]]|
population=440,000 to 2,000,000|
website=[http://www.goarch.org/ Greek Archdiocese]
}}

== Recent History ==
In recent years, there has been much tension between the Archdiocese and the current Ecumenical Patriarch, [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]], especially regarding the level of autonomy the former has with regard to the latter. One of the important incidents in this ongoing tension was the allegedly forced retirement in 1996 of Archbishop [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos]] after his leadership during the [[Ligonier Meeting]] in 1994, where many of the Orthodox hierarchs in America came together to begin the formation of a unified Orthodox Church of America. Iakovos was replaced with Archbishop [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of America|Spyridon]], whose 'tempestuous' tenure as archbishop lasted only 3 years, seeing his allegedly forced retirement in 1999 and replacement by the current Archbishop, [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios]].

A strong movement of laity in the Archdiocese has been engaged in the tensions with Constantinople, as well, especially a particular group known as [[Orthodox Christian Laity]] (OCL), which includes some of the wealthiest members of the Archdiocese. In 2004, 35 plaintiffs unsuccessfully sued Archbishop [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios]] and the Greek Archdiocese in an attempt to force it to invalidate the 2003 charter granted by Constantinople; their lawsuit stated that the Greek hierarchy had imposed the rewritten charter without approval from delegates at the national Clergy-Laity Congress, violating the terms of the 1978 charter. The main aim of the suit was to attempt to gain more autonomy from the [[Church of Constantinople]], especially regarding the choice of the American Archdiocese's primate.

The suit met with condemnation by the Greek hierarchy in America, which stated that the plaintiffs had "sued Christ Himself" (a quote from Metropolitan [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos of Chicago]]). It was eventually dismissed by the Supreme Court of the State of New York, on grounds that the Greek Archdiocese was hierarchical and therefore acting within its proper bounds, that the courts did not have the authority to intervene in such matters.

This conflict is far from over, and OCL continues to organize resistance to what it regards as papal pretensions on the part of Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew]].

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}

==Organization==
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America is composed of an Archdiocesan District (New York City) and eight [[metropolis]]es: New Jersey, Chicago, Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco, Pittsburgh, Boston and Denver. It is governed by the Archbishop and the Eparchial Synod of Bishops. The Synod of Bishops is headed by the archbishop and comprised of the bishops who oversee the ministry of the metropolises. It has all the authority and responsibility which the Church canons provide for a provincial synod.
[[Image:GOA seal.gif|left|frame|Seal of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]
There are about 540 [[parish]]es, 800 [[priest]]s and approximately 440,000 to 2 million faithful in the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, depending on the source of reports and the counting method being used.[http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/quick_question17.html] The number of parishes in the Greek Archdiocese rose by about 9% in the decade from 1990 to 2000, and membership growth has largely been in terms of existing members having children.[http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/tab2.pdf]

The Archdiocese receives within its ranks and under its spiritual aegis and pastoral care Orthodox Christians, who either as individuals or as organized groups in Metropolises and Parishes have voluntarily come to it and which acknowledge the ecclesiastical and canonical jurisdiction of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]].

The Archdiocese also includes 21 [[monasticism|monastic]] communities, 17 of which were founded by [[Ephrem of Philotheou|Elder Ephraim]] (former abbot of [[Philotheou Monastery (Athos)]]). The largest of these is [[St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery (Florence, Arizona)]].

Additionally, one [[seminary]] is operated by the Greek Archdiocese, [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, which educates not only Greek Archdiocese seminarians but also those from other [[jurisdiction]]s, as well.

The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America is also a member of the [[Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of North and Central America]] which superseded [[SCOBA]].

===Archdiocesan structure===
*[[Direct Archdiocesan District (GOA)|Archdiocesan District]]
*[[Metropolis of Atlanta]]
*[[Metropolis of Boston]]
*[[Metropolis of Chicago]]
*[[Metropolis of Denver]]
*[[Metropolis of Detroit]]
*[[Metropolis of New Jersey]]
*[[Metropolis of Pittsburgh]]
*[[Metropolis of San Francisco]]

== The Episcopacy ==
===Diocesan bishops===
* Archbishop [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios (Trakatellis)]] of America

* Metropolitan [[Methodios (Tournas) of Boston|Methodios (Tournas)]] of Boston
* Metropolitan [[Isaiah (Chronopoulos) of Denver|Isaiah (Chronopoulos)]] of Denver
* Metropolitan [[Alexios (Panagiotopoulos) of Atlanta|Alexios (Panagiotopoulos)]] of Atlanta
* Metropolitan [[Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit|Nicholas (Pissare)]] of Detroit
* Metropolitan [[Evangelos (Kourounis) of New Jersey|Evangelos (Kourounis)]] of New Jersey
* Metropolitan [[Gerasimos (Michaleas) of San Francisco|Gerasimos (Michaleas)]] of San Francisco
* Metropolitan [[Savas (Zembillas) of Pittsburgh|Savas (Zembillas)]] of Pittsburgh

===Titular bishops===
* Bishop [[Dimitrios (Couchell) of Xanthos]]
* Bishop [[Andonios (Paropoulos) of Phasiane]]
* Bishop [[Demetrios (Kantzavelos) of Mokissos]]

===Archbishops of America===
* [[Alexander (Demoglou) of Rodostolou|Alexander (Demoglou)]], 1922-1930
* [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Athenagoras (Spyrou)]], 1931-1948
* [[Michael (Konstantinides) of America|Michael (Konstantinides)]], 1949-1958
* [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos (Coucouzis)]], 1959-1996
* [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]], 1996-1999
* [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios (Trakatellis)]], 1999-present

===Former diocesan hierarchs===
* Metropolitan [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos (Garmatis)]] of Chicago
* Metropolitan [[Maximos (Aghiorgoussis) of Pittsburgh|Maximos (Aghiorgoussis)]] of Pittsburgh
* Metropolitan [[Silas (Koskinas) of Saranta Ekklesia|Silas (Koskinas) of New Jersey]]
* Metropolitan [[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of San Francisco]]
* Bishop [[Joachim (Alexopoulos) of Demetrias|Joachim (Alexopoulos) of Boston]]
* Bishop [[Athenagoras I (Kavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kavadas) of Boston]]
* Bishop [[Philaret (Ioannides) of Chicago]]
* Bishop [[Kallistos (Papageorgakopoulos) of San Francisco]]
* Bishop [[Timothy (Negrepontis) of Detroit]]
* Bishop [[George (Papaioannou) of New Jersey]]
* Bishop [[Philip (Koutoufas) of Atlanta]]

===Former titular hierarchs===
* Metropolitan [[Germanos (Polyzoides) of Hierapolis]]
* Metropolitan [[Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kokkinakis) of Eleia]]
* Bishop [[Ezekiel (Tsoukalas) of Pisidia|Ezekiel (Tsoukalas) of Nazianzus]]
* Bishop [[‎Germanos (Liamadis) of Constantia]]
* Bishop [[Germanos (Psallidakis) of Synadon]]
* Bishop [[Meletios (Tripodakis) of Christianoupolis]]
* Bishop [[Aimilianos (Laloussis) of Harioupolis]]
* Bishop [[Kallistos (Samaras) of Zelon]]
* Bishop [[Gerasimos (Papadopoulos) of Abydos]]
* Bishop [[Demetrios (Makris) of Olympos]]
* Bishop [[Iakovos (Pililis) of Catania]]
* Bishop [[Philotheos (Karamitsos) of Meloa]]
* Bishop [[Paul (de Ballester-Convallier) of Nazianzus]]
* Bishop [[John (Kallos) of Amoriun]]
* Bishop [[Anthimos (Drakonakis) of Christoupolis|Anthimos (Drakonakis) of Olympos]]

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/ Official Website of the Archdiocese]
*[http://www.patriarchate.org/ Official Website of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople]

==Further Reading==
* Charles C. Moskos. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=mcTvNg77kp4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s Greek Americans, Struggle and Success].'' 2nd Ed.. Transaction Publishers, 1989. 204 pp. ISBN 9780887387784
* Rev. George Pappaioannou. ''The Historical Development of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America.'' In: F.K. Litsas (Ed.). '''A Companion to the Greek Orthodox Church.''' New York, N.Y.: Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America, 1984. (pp. 178-206).

[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Dioceses]]
[[Category:Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|America]]

[[fr:Archidiocèse orthodoxe grec d'Amérique]]
[[ro:Arhiepiscopia Ortodoxă Greacă din America]]

User:Magda

2017-09-13T19:12:58Z

Magda: /* Personal */ +1

[[Image:Magda_wedding.jpg|thumb|right|Magda's wedding]] 
I am currently one of the [[Special:Listadmins|sysops]] here on '''OrthodoxWiki'''. You are more than welcome to comment and ask questions on my [[User_talk:Magda|talk page]].

==Useful links==
{{userboxtop|More about me}}
{{userbox admin|right}}
{{Userbox
|border-c = #226722
|border-s = 2
|id-c = #226722
|id-s = 9
|id-fc = #000
|info-c = #329532
|info-s = 8
|info-fc = #fff
|id = [[Image:Mary Magdalene.jpg|50px]]
|info = The [[patron saint|patron saint]] of this user is St. [[Mary Magdalene|Mary Magdalene]].
}}
{{user goarch}}
{{user orthodox US}}
{{user en}}
{{user ro-1}}
{{user el-1}}
{{user fr-0}}
{{user byzmusic-2}}
{{userboxbottom}}
===Internal===
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Style_Manual|Style Manual]]
*[[Help:Editing|Editing]]
*[[Special:Recentchanges|Recent changes]]
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Templates|Templates]]
*[[Help:Image licenses|Image Licenses]]

===Drafts===
*[[User:Magda/Edittools]] A draft for English and Romanian edittool files for mediawiki use. (Discussion: [[OrthodoxWiki:Trapeza#edittools]])
*[[User:Magda/Category Sitemap]] A different way to look at the hierarchical structure of categories on the English-language wiki, to streamline it, and to assist in structuring and lining up other-lanugage versions.

===External===
(Based on a similar section of [[User:Basil|Basil's]].)
*[http://www.oca.org/FSlives.asp Feasts and Saints of the Church Year] on the [[Orthodox Church in America]] site
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/calendar.asp Church Calendar] and [http://goarch.org/en/chapel/search.asp Search for a Saint] from the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|goarch]] website
*[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html Prologue of Ohrid] ([[Serbian Orthodox Church in the USA and Canada|Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America]])
*[http://ccel.org/fathers2/ The Christian Classics Ethereal Library] a wonderful repository of patristic translations
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/alphabetical.htm Orthodox Research Institute] All the Hierarchs of the Orthodox Church in alphabetical order
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8049.asp A Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology] (goarch)
*[http://webtrance.skycode.com/online.asp Bulgarian-English translator]
*[http://www.dictionare.com/ Romanian-English-Romanian dictionaries]


==Ideas for the wiki==
*"How-to" page explaining what needs to be included on each image; maybe a template/category indicating that something is missing so we can go back and fix/find
*Hagiographical something like the [[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Saints|WikiProject Saints]], what to include, where to get information, restrictions on OCA image use, other guidelines

==Personal==
===Magda===
I am [[marriage|married]] to a priest who serves at the ([[GOARCH]]) parish of [http://www.stjohncr.org/ St. John the Baptist] in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

A [[convert]] from [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], I was [[chrismation|chrismated]] on [[January 25]], 2004, the [[feast day]] of St. [[Gregory the Theologian]]. I chose the name ''Magdalene'' for my middle name to honor my [[patron saint]], St. [[Mary Magdalene]], whose feast day is [[July 22]].

My husband and I were married on [[July 24]], 2004, at St. [[Apostle Andrew|Andrew]] Greek Orthodox Church [http://www.orthodoxchurchofstandrew.org] of South Bend, Indiana, by Fr. George Konstantopoulos. We have five children.

I am interested in [[iconography]]—both in the writing and interpreting of icons—and in learning [[Byzantine chant]].

Please feel free to [http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Emailuser&target=Magda email me] or read my [http://magdalini.blogspot.com blog].

'''Pray for me, a sinner.'''

===[[User:Vandrona|Magda's Husband]]===
My husband, Fr. Peter, came from Romania to pursue undergraduate studies. Prior to graduating from [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross]] as the valedictorian, his most recent degree was a doctorate in computer science. He enjoys sports, singing (opera, barbershop, and chant), working for the Church, and sharing really bad puns. He is nigh invulnerable and quite tall, both on purpose.

*[http://magdalini.blogspot.com/2006/06/ordination-to-diaconate.html Pictures and explanations] of [[User:Vandrona|Dn. Virgil]]'s [[ordination]] to the [[diaconate]] by [[Metropolitan]] [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos of Chicago]] ([[GOARCH|Greek Archdiocese]]) on [[June 4]], 2006, at St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church in South Bend, Indiana.
*[http://magdalini.blogspot.com/2006/06/first-liturgy-as-deacon.html Pictures and explanations] of the first Liturgy he served as a deacon, with Fr. Andrew Demotses and Fr. Costin Popescu, on [[June 6]], 2006, at St. Vasilios Greek Orthodox Church in Peabody, Massachusetts.
*[http://picasaweb.google.com/magda.andronache/OrdinationToThePriesthood Pictures] of Fr. Peter's ordination to the priesthood by Metropolitan [[Alexios (Panagiotopoulos) of Atlanta|Alexios of Atlanta]] on his [[name day]], [[June 29]], 2007, at St. Paul Greek Orthodox Church in Savannah, Georgia.

{{Acceptrevised}}
[[Category:User Pages|Magda]]

Metropolis of Chicago

2017-09-13T19:11:18Z

Magda: added link, changed hyphens to en-dashes, updated HE Iakovos' final date

The '''Metropolis of Chicago''' is a [[diocese|metropolis]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] in the United States of America, under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]]. The metropolis includes the group of states in the western part of the Mid-west region of the United States.

==History==
The origin of the Metropolis of Chicago is traced back to the formal organization of the [[parish]]es in the Americas by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in the mid twentieth century. The [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]] was formally established in 1921 and came under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1922 with jurisdiction over Greek Orthodox parishes in the Western Hemisphere. The first identification of the city of Chicago as a hierarchal [[see]] was the appointment of Bishop [[Philaret (Ioannides) of Syros|Philaret (Ioannides)]] as Bishop of Chicago in 1923.

In 1968, the Chicago area was designated the Second Archdiocese District of the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America which was administered by assistant Bishops and Archdiocesan [[Vicar]]s. In 1979, the [[archdiocese]] was re-organized under a decree of the Ecumenical Patriarchate into a number of [[diocese]]s of which the second district was designated the Diocese of Chicago. The area of the diocese included the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin.

In 1996, the Archdiocese of North and South America was split into four separate archdioceses: those of America, Canada, Central America, and South America. With the establishment of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]], the title of the dioceses was changed to metropolises and the Diocese of Chicago became the Metropolis of Chicago.

==Parishes and Monasteries==
There are fifty-nine parishes[http://chicago.goarch.org/] and two monasteries within the metropolis. The [[monastery|monasteries]] are:
*[[Holy Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Monastery (Harvard, Illinois)|Holy Transfiguration Greek Orthodox Monastery in Harvard, Illinois]].
*Holy Monastery of St. John Chrysostomos in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin.

==Ruling Hierarchs==
*Bishop [[Philaret (Ioannides) of Syros|Philaret (Ioannides) of Chicago]] 1923 – 1930
*Bishop Gerasimos of Chicago 1943 – 1954
===Second District===
*Bishop [[Aimilianos (Laloussis) of Harioupolis|Aimilianos (Laloussis)]] 1960 – 19xx
===Diocese of Chicago===
*Bishop [[Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago|Iakovos (Garmatis)]] of Chicago 1979 – 1997
*Metropolitan Iakovos (Garmatis) of Krinis and Exarch of Ionias 1997 – 2002
===Metropolis of Chicago===
*Metropolitan Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago 2002 – 2017

==Auxiliary bishop==
*Bishop [[Demetrios (Kantzavelos) of Mokissos]] 2006 – Present ([[Chancellor]])

==Source==
*[http://chicago.goarch.org/ Metropolis web site]

==External link==
*[http://www.goarch.org/archdiocese/affiliates/apc/beginnings The Beginnings of the Archdiocesan Presbyters Council]

[[Category: Jurisdictions|Chicago]]
[[Category: Dioceses|Chicago]]
[[Category: Ecumenical Patriarchate Dioceses|Chicago]]

Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit

2017-09-13T19:07:06Z

Magda: added locum tenens of Chicago

His Eminence [[Metropolitan]] '''Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit''' is a [[bishop]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]. He is the ruling bishop of the Greek Orthodox [[Metropolis of Detroit]] and currently serves as the ''[[locum tenens]]'' of the [[Metropolis of Chicago]].

==Life==
He was born in Glens Falls, New York, in 1953 to Emmanuel and Calliope Pissare. Metr. Nicholas' family also includes two brothers and a sister. When the family lived in Glens Falls, they belonged to the St. George Greek Orthodox Church in Schenectady, New York. Today, Metropolitan Nicholas' family resides in Denver, Colorado.

After graduating from Glens Falls High School, Metropolitan Nicholas was accepted into Colgate University and applied for scholarships. After several interviews, he was awarded the Colgate War Memorial Scholarship, one of the most prestigious scholarships offered at Colgate. Four years later he graduated ''cum Laude'' with a double major in French and classical civilizations, with an emphasis in Latin.

In 1975, Metr. Nicholas enrolled as a graduate student at the [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts. In 1978 he earned a Masters of Divinity degree and was the valedictorian of his class. He continued academic work through post-graduate studies at the University of Athens following his graduation from Holy Cross.

His Eminence worked in public health for ten years in Denver, where he was active in the life of the Assumption Greek Orthodox Cathedral. In 1983, he joined the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver, working as an assistant to Bishop [[Philip of Atlanta|Philip of Daphnousia]], who was serving as ''[[locum tenens]]'' of the Diocese. Later, he served Bishop [[Anthimos (Drakonakis) of Christoupolis|Anthimos of Denver]] as an assistant. In 1990, he formally began his service in the Diocese of Pittsburgh as Administrative Assistant to Bishop [[Maximos (Aghiorgoussis) of Pittsburgh|Maximos]].

Metr. Nicholas was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] on [[July 6]], 1991, by Bishop Maximos at the Annunciation Church in Mckeesport, Pennsylvania. He was ordained to the [[priest]]hood by Bishop Maximos and co-celebrant Bishop Philip at the Assumption Greek Orthodox Cathedral in Denver, Colorado, on [[July 23]], 1991. He was elevated to the rank of [[Archimandrite]] on the same day, based on his years of service to the Church.

He served as [[Chancellor]] of the Diocese of Pittsburgh from 1991 to 1995 and was Chancellor of the Diocese of Detroit from 1996 to 1997. [[Archbishop]] [[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon]] then assigned him to the parish of Holy Cross in Brooklyn, New York, in August 1997. In Brooklyn, Metr. Nicholas initiated innovative programs in the parish such as "Fair Share Stewardship" and the "Inquiry Class" for parishioners and engaged couples. He also started a Brownies Girl Scout Troop, started the Children's Liturgical Choir of the Dimitrios and Georgia Kaloidis Parochial School, and helped rebuild the parochial school's library.

==Episcopacy==
His Eminence was elected as the Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Detroit by the Holy and Sacred [[Synod]] of Constantinople on Saturday, [[March 13]], 1999. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] as bishop on the [[Saturday of Lazarus]], [[April 3]], 1999, at the Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Church in Brooklyn, New York, by Abp. Spyridon, who was assisted by Metropolitan Maximos of Pittsburgh and Bishop [[Demetri (Khoury) of Jableh|Dimitri]] of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese]].

Metr. Nicholas has also served the Greek Orthodox Church as a member of the Archdiocesan Council, member of the Stewardship Commission of the Archdiocese, board member of the St. Michael's Home for the Aged, and as a member of the Archdiocesan District Spiritual Court.

In 2002, His Grace was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan by the Holy and Sacred Synod of Constantinople. This appointment came after the Holy and Sacred Synod of Constantinople elevated the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Detroit to the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Detroit. The Metropolis of Detroit has direct spiritual authority, supervision, and pastoral care over its [[clergy]] and [[parish]]es in seven states, including all of Michigan, Kentucky, and Arkansas, and parts of Indiana, upstate New York, Ohio, and Tennessee.

Through his years of service at all levels to the Greek Orthodox Church, his educational background, and his deep and longstanding commitment to the Church, Metropolitan Nicholas has served, and continues to serve, a successful Episcopal ministry in the Metropolis of Detroit.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Timothy (Negrepontis) of Detroit|Timothy (Negrepontis)]]|
title=Metropolitan of Detroit ([[GOARCH|Greek]])|
years=1999-present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://detroit.goarch.org/eminence/ His Eminence, Metropolitan Nicholas]

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/constantinople/goarch/current.htm#nicholas_bishop Listing] at the Orthodox Research Institute
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/news/NewsDetail.asp?id=464 Enthronement of Bishop Nicholas of Detroit on April 18]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Detroit]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Holy Cross Seminary Graduates]]

Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago

2017-09-13T19:06:09Z

Magda: May his memory be eternal.

His Eminence [[Metropolitan]] '''Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago''' (1928 – 2017) served the Metropolis of Chicago for the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] from 1979 to 2017.

He was elected to the episcopacy by the Holy and Sacred Synod of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] of Constantinople in 1969, and consecrated as Bishop of Apameia later that year, and appointed to the Diocese (Seventh District) of Detroit as Bishop of that district. He was enthroned by His Eminence [[Archbishop]] [[Iakovos (Coucouzis) of America|Iakovos]] of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America on [[May 1]], 1979, as the [[Bishop]] of Chicago at the Annunciation Cathedral. In November 1997, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate elected His Grace Bishop Iakovos of Chicago to the active Metropolitanate of Chicago and [[Exarch]] of Ionias.

Beginning his higher education in Athens, Greece, and continuing his studies and service in the Boston area, Metropolitan Iakovos was appointed Archdiocesan [[vicar bishop|Vicar]] of the Diocese of Detroit by Archbishop Iakovos in February 1968. One year later, he was elevated to the rank of Bishop by the Holy See of Constantinople. He was [[consecration|consecrated]] Bishop of Apameia (an Auxiliary Bishop of Archbishop Iakovos) on [[Christmas]] Day of 1969, and appointed to the [[Metropolis of Detroit|Diocese of Detroit]] as Bishop of that district.

In 1971 he was appointed President of [[Hellenic College (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Hellenic College]] and [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts, while remaining as administrative overseer of the Diocese of Detroit. He simultaneously served as the Bishop of the New England area during his five-year tenure as President of Hellenic College and Holy Cross School of Theology.

After assuming the position of Presiding Hierarch of the Diocese of Chicago in 1997, Metropolitan Iakovos characterized his tenure by his many initiatives. Under his leadership the Metropolis has increased its efforts to assist the homeless and those in need, as witnessed in the labors of the Diocesan Philanthropy Committee. He founded new Youth programs, established various local Dialogue Commissions with other faith communities, and worked with other area religious leaders in promoting justice and truth in our society. Various other programs of the Diocese established by Metropolitan Iakovos include the Bishop Iakovos Scholarship Assistance Program, the Bishop's Task Force on AIDS, the Diocese Junior Olympics, the Diocese Dance Festival, as well as numerous programs in religion and Greek education.

In 2002, the Diocese of Chicago was elevated to a Metropolis, and Metropolitan Iakovos became its first Metropolitan. The Metropolis of Chicago consists of 34 parishes in Illinois, with another 24 parishes in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, northern Indiana, and eastern Missouri. The general offices of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Chicago are located in Chicago, Illinois.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Apameia (Detroit) ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek]])|
years=1969-1978|
after=[[Timothy (Negrepontis) of Detroit|Timothy (Negrepontis)]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Demetrios (Makris) of Olympus|Demetrios (Makris)]]|
title=Bishop of Apameia (Boston) ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek]])|
years=1974-1978|
after=[[Anthimos (Drakonakis) of Christoupolis|Anthimos (Drakonakis)]]}}
{{succession|
before=Timotheos|
title=Metropolitan of Chicago ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek]])|
years=1979-2017|
after=[[Nicholas (Pissare) of Detroit|Nicholas of Detroit]] ''([[locum tenens]])''}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://chicago.goarch.org/metropolitan-iakovos/ Metropolitan Iakovos of Chicago] from the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Chicago

==External links==
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/hierarchs/constantinople/bios/bio_iakovos_metr_chicago.html Listing] on the Orthodox Research Institute
*[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-leader-greek-orthodox-church-obituary-met-20170603-story.html ''Chicago Tribune'' obituary]]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Boston]]
[[Category:Bishops of Chicago]]

Pulcheria the Empress

2017-09-09T20:51:23Z

Magda: /* Life */ wain -> wane

The holy, right-believing '''Pulcheria the Empress''' (also ''Poulcheria'') was the daughter of [[Arcadius]], the emperor of the eastern part of the Roman Empire, and his wife Aelia Eudoxia. As regent for her younger brother [[Theodosius II]] and empress in her own name, she strongly influenced the direction of the government in its relations with Christianity, especially during the [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] controversies in the fifth century. Her [[feast day]] is [[September 10]]; she also shares a feast day with her husband [[Marcian]] on [[February 17]].

==Life==
Aelia Pulcheria was born on [[January 19]], 399. Aelia Pulcheria should not be confused with her aunt Pulcheria, who was the daughter of [[Theodosius I]] and Aelian Flaccilla and died in 385 at the age of eight. Arcadius, who was the elder son of Theodosius I, died in 408. At the death of his father, and at a very young age, seven years old, Theodosius II became emperor under the tutelage of the eunuch Antiochus.

Pulcheria was a devout Christian and at an early age she expressed her devotion to the [[Theotokos]] and took a vow of virginity to avoid being forced into marriage. As the elder sister of Theodosius II (her older sister, Flaccilla, died young, probably before 408), she held much of the power when he became emperor. She was involved extensively in the education of her brother even though she was only two years older than him and maintained enormous influence over him for much of his reign. Sources recorded that in 412 at the age of thirteen she dismissed her brother's tutor, Antiochus, and herself assumed the role of her brother's tutor.

The court quickly assumed a pious and austere atmosphere under her influence, befitting her almost monastic life style. On [[July 4]], 414, the Senate proclaimed her augusta (empress) and made her regent for her brother. When Theodosius became capable of ruling by himself in 416, Pulcheria continued to strongly influence over her brother and of the course of the empire. Through her influence Theodosius removed all pagans from the civil service. Under her influence Theodosius and his wife Aelia Eudoxia, who had been a pagan, became devout Christians.

Pulcheria used her wealth for the [[Church]]. In doing so she inspired her brother to do likewise. While she appeared to be indifferent to the [[Arianism]] as practiced by the German tribes, she took a firm position on the heretical teaching of [[Nestorius]]. She almost immediately showed her antagonism towards him when he became [[patriarch]] in 428. Whether the downgrading of the status of the Virgin Mary from Theotokos to Christotokos under Nestorianism was involved, Pulcheria greatly influenced her brother's position in the controversies that led up to the [[Third Ecumenical Council|Council in Ephesus]] in 431. At first he was a supporter of Nestorius before acceding to his sister's position. In this controversy Patr. [[Cyril of Alexandria]] believed Pulcheria's influence was important in the downfall of his rival.

In 441, Pulcheria's influence on her brother began to wane as the eunuch Chrysaphius convinced Theodosius to dismiss his sister. But soon the [[Monophysitism|Monophysite]] controversy was raised by the [[archimandrite]] Eutyches and supported by Theodosius as well as by Cyril's successor as [[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria|patriarch of Alexandria]], [[Dioscorus of Alexandria|Dioscorus]]. When Eutyches' views were validated at the [[Robber Council of Ephesus|'Robber Council' of 449]] in Ephesus, [[Leo the Great|Pope Leo I of Rome]] included Pulcheria among those he approached for help in reversing the council's decisions.

On [[July 28]], 450, Theodosius suddenly died, and Pulcheria returned to the court as the wife of the new emperor, Marcian. She agreed to the [[marriage]] with the understanding that her vow of [[chastity]] would be honored. In 451, the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council|Council of Chalcedon]], presided over by Marcian, was convened. It condemned both Nestorianism and the [[Robber Council of Ephesus|Robber Council of 449]] that had supported the Monophysite [[heresy]]. The [[heretic]] Eutyches was deposed and exiled.

Pulcheria died not long afterwards, in July 453. In addition to her defense of Orthodoxy, Pulcheria is remembered for her zeal in promoting other interests of the Church. She had the [[relics]] of St. [[John Chrysostom]] returned from where he had died in exile and buried in the Church of the Apostles in Constantinople on [[January 27]], 438. She had three churches built in Constantinople that honored Mary the Theotokos. She built many hospitals, houses for pilgrims, and bequeathed her wealth to charity.

==External links==
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=102566 Right-Believing Pulcheria, Byzantine Empress] ([[OCA]])
*[[w:Pulcheria|''Pulcheria'' at Wikipedia]]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12561c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Pulcheria]
*[http://www.roman-emperors.org/pulcheria.htm Pulcheria]

[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[Category:Roman Emperors]]
[[Category:5th-century saints]]

[[ro:Pulcheria Împărăteasa]]

Photius the Great

2017-02-05T04:45:07Z

Magda: /* Source */Updated link

[[Image:Photios the Great.jpg|right|frame|St. Photius the Great]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Photius the Great''' (also ''Photios''; Greek Φώτιoς), [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[February 6]].

St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the [[Robber Council of 869-870]], but the [[Eighth Ecumenical Council]] (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his [[see]]. Although he was accused of causing the [[Filioque#The "Photian" Schism|"Photian" Schism]], he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch [[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius]], who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.

==Life==
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated [[icon]]s, but the current emperor was an [[iconoclast]] and thus was against the use of icons in the [[Church]]. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually [[martyr]]ed. Photius referred to [[Patriarch]] [[Tarasius of Constantinople|Tarasius]] as "uncle from his father's side,"{{ref|1}} and he was also related to [[John VII Grammaticus of Constantinople|John VII Grammaticus]]. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and [[monasticism|monastic]] life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor [[Leo VI]] once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.

As soon as he had completed his own education, Photius began to teach grammar, rhetoric, [[theology]], and [[philosophy]]. The way to public life was probably opened for him by (according to one account) the marriage of his brother Sergius to Irene, a sister of the Empress [[Theodora (9th century empress)|Theodora]], who upon the death of her husband [[Theophilus the Iconoclast|Theophilos]] in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire. Photius became a captain of the guard and subsequently chief imperial secretary (''prōtasēkrētis''). In 855, at thirty-five years of age, Photius was recognized for his political skills and made the ambassador to the Persian caliph in Baghdad with the charge to negotiate an end to Christian persecution in the Muslim territories.

==First patriarchate==
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor [[Michael III the Amorian|Michael III]], concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a [[laity|layperson]], was inducted into the [[priest]]hood and made a [[bishop]] within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.

Several months after his exile, a few of Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to [[Pope]] [[Nicholas I of Rome|Nicholas]] trying to discredit his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several [[monk]]s in this camp who set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.

Photius convened a council in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles (Constantinople)|Church of the Holy Apostles]] in 859. The intent was to stop the controversy about his appointment. This council found that Ignatius had not been elected by a [[synod]] and therefore his election to the patriarchate was illegal. He had been appointed by Empress Theodora. Unfortunately the Caesar Barda was vengeful against the opposition and imposed an exile on Ignatius to the island of [[Metropolis of Mytiline|Mytiline]] and persecuted some of his followers. Photius strongly objected to this action.

Pope Nicholas felt that the appointment needed the consent of Rome and objected to the fact that Photius was a layperson even though there was precedence for this in both the Western and Eastern churches. He also demanded that the Byzantines give back to Rome the territories of Calabria and Sicily.

In 861, with the approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the [[canons]] and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.

When the delegates returned to Rome and Nicholas found that his demands for territorial rights were not considered, he became angry and excommunicated his delegates. He convened a council in Rome in 863 in which he deposed and excommunicated Photius on the basis that his appointment was uncanonical. He chose to recognize Ignatius as the legitimate patriarch.

The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the [[filioque]] clause to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of [[Papacy|papal]] authority over the entire Church and by the disputed jurisdiction over newly converted [[Bulgaria]]. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.

There were two emperors in the East at the time, Michael II and Basil I. Michael plotted to kill Basil, but Basil found out about the plot and murdered Michael. Photius refused to accept the murder of Michael and refused Basil [[communion]] on a great [[feast day]]. This angered Basil, so he had Photius imprisoned in a [[monastery]].

This state of affairs changed with the murder of Photius' patron Bardas in 866 and of the Emperor Michael in 867 by his colleague [[Basil I|Basil the Macedonian]], who now usurped the throne. Photius was deposed as [[patriarch]] not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor. Photius was removed from his office and banished around the end of September 867, and Ignatius was reinstated on [[November 23]]. During his second patriarchate, Ignatius followed a policy not very different from that of Photius. This perhaps helped improve relations between the two, and circa 876 Photius was suddenly recalled to Constantinople and entrusted with the education of the emperor's children, becoming an advisor to Ignatius. On the death of Ignatius in October 877, Photius, after the requisite show of reluctance, having been recommended by Ignatius prior to his death, was restored to the patriarchal throne.

==Second patriarchate==
Photius now obtained the formal recognition of the Christian world in a council convened at Constantinople in November 879. The legates of Pope [[John VIII of Rome|John VIII]] attended, prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch, a concession for which the pope was much censured by Latin opinion. The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the Eastern and Western churches, the demanded apology to the pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over [[Bulgaria]], and the introduction of the ''[[filioque]]'' clause into the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. Eventually Photius refused to apologize or accept the ''filioque'', and the papal legates made do with his return of Bulgaria to Rome. This concession, however, was purely nominal, as Bulgaria's return to the [[Byzantine Rite]] in 870 had already made it an [[autocephalous]] church. Without the consent of Boris I of Bulgaria, the papacy was unable to enforce its claims.

During the altercations between Basil I and his heir Leo VI, Photius took the side of the emperor. Consequently, when Basil died in 886 and Leo became senior emperor, Photius was dismissed and banished, although he had been Leo's tutor. Photius was sent into exile to the [[monastery]] of Bordi in [[Armenia]]. From this time Photius disappears from history. No letters of this period of his life are extant. The precise date of his death is not known, but it is said to have occurred on [[February 6]], 893.

Photius was long the standard-bearer of the Church in its disagreements with the pope of Rome. All agree on the virtue of his personal life and his remarkable talents, even genius, and the wide range of his intellectual aptitudes. Pope Nicholas himself referred to his "great virtues and universal knowledge."

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 4) [http://oca.org/FStropars.asp?ID=100442]
:Follower of the [[Apostles]]' way
:And teacher of mankind:
:[[Intercession|Intercede]], O Photius, with the [[Jesus|Lord]] of all,
:To grant peace to the world
:And to our souls great mercy!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8) [http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=527]
:Far-reaching beacon of the Church and God,
:inspired Guide of the Orthodox,
:you are now crowned with the flowers of song.
:You are the divine words of the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]]'s harp,
:the strong adversary of [[heresy]] and to whom we cry,
:"Hail, all-honorable Photius."

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=858 – 861|
after=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title= Patriarch of Constantinople|
years=878 – 886|
after=[[Stephen I of Constantinople|Stephen I]]}}
{{end box}}

==Reference==
*{{note|1}} [http://www.photius.com/photios/photios15.html The Life of Patriarch Photios] by D. S. White

==Source==
*[[w:Patriarch_Photios_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=105866658|''Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople'' at Wikipedia]], retrieved on February 5, 2007
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm F. Dvornik: Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople]

==External links==
*[http://www.photius.com/photios/ Patriarch Photius of Constantinople: His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters] by Despina Stratoudaki White, copyright © 1982 by the Holy Cross Orthodox Press
*[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Photius_of_Constantinople The ''Bibliotheca'' or ''Myriobiblion''] by Photios of Constantinople
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100442 St. Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=527 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[GOARCH]])
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople] New Catholic Encyclopedia article by Fr. [[Francis Dvornik]]
*[[Wikipedia:Photius I of Constantinople|''Photius I of Constantinople'']] at Wikipedia
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm Photius of Constantinople] from the online [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Encyclopedia
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20071109075648/http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:9th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category:9th-century saints]]

[[el:Φώτιος Α΄ ο Μέγας]]
[[ro:Fotie cel Mare]]

Photius the Great

2017-02-05T04:44:26Z

Magda: /* External links */Updated links

[[Image:Photios the Great.jpg|right|frame|St. Photius the Great]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Photius the Great''' (also ''Photios''; Greek Φώτιoς), [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[February 6]].

St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the [[Robber Council of 869-870]], but the [[Eighth Ecumenical Council]] (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his [[see]]. Although he was accused of causing the [[Filioque#The "Photian" Schism|"Photian" Schism]], he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch [[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius]], who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.

==Life==
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated [[icon]]s, but the current emperor was an [[iconoclast]] and thus was against the use of icons in the [[Church]]. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually [[martyr]]ed. Photius referred to [[Patriarch]] [[Tarasius of Constantinople|Tarasius]] as "uncle from his father's side,"{{ref|1}} and he was also related to [[John VII Grammaticus of Constantinople|John VII Grammaticus]]. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and [[monasticism|monastic]] life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor [[Leo VI]] once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.

As soon as he had completed his own education, Photius began to teach grammar, rhetoric, [[theology]], and [[philosophy]]. The way to public life was probably opened for him by (according to one account) the marriage of his brother Sergius to Irene, a sister of the Empress [[Theodora (9th century empress)|Theodora]], who upon the death of her husband [[Theophilus the Iconoclast|Theophilos]] in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire. Photius became a captain of the guard and subsequently chief imperial secretary (''prōtasēkrētis''). In 855, at thirty-five years of age, Photius was recognized for his political skills and made the ambassador to the Persian caliph in Baghdad with the charge to negotiate an end to Christian persecution in the Muslim territories.

==First patriarchate==
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor [[Michael III the Amorian|Michael III]], concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a [[laity|layperson]], was inducted into the [[priest]]hood and made a [[bishop]] within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.

Several months after his exile, a few of Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to [[Pope]] [[Nicholas I of Rome|Nicholas]] trying to discredit his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several [[monk]]s in this camp who set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.

Photius convened a council in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles (Constantinople)|Church of the Holy Apostles]] in 859. The intent was to stop the controversy about his appointment. This council found that Ignatius had not been elected by a [[synod]] and therefore his election to the patriarchate was illegal. He had been appointed by Empress Theodora. Unfortunately the Caesar Barda was vengeful against the opposition and imposed an exile on Ignatius to the island of [[Metropolis of Mytiline|Mytiline]] and persecuted some of his followers. Photius strongly objected to this action.

Pope Nicholas felt that the appointment needed the consent of Rome and objected to the fact that Photius was a layperson even though there was precedence for this in both the Western and Eastern churches. He also demanded that the Byzantines give back to Rome the territories of Calabria and Sicily.

In 861, with the approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the [[canons]] and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.

When the delegates returned to Rome and Nicholas found that his demands for territorial rights were not considered, he became angry and excommunicated his delegates. He convened a council in Rome in 863 in which he deposed and excommunicated Photius on the basis that his appointment was uncanonical. He chose to recognize Ignatius as the legitimate patriarch.

The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the [[filioque]] clause to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of [[Papacy|papal]] authority over the entire Church and by the disputed jurisdiction over newly converted [[Bulgaria]]. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.

There were two emperors in the East at the time, Michael II and Basil I. Michael plotted to kill Basil, but Basil found out about the plot and murdered Michael. Photius refused to accept the murder of Michael and refused Basil [[communion]] on a great [[feast day]]. This angered Basil, so he had Photius imprisoned in a [[monastery]].

This state of affairs changed with the murder of Photius' patron Bardas in 866 and of the Emperor Michael in 867 by his colleague [[Basil I|Basil the Macedonian]], who now usurped the throne. Photius was deposed as [[patriarch]] not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor. Photius was removed from his office and banished around the end of September 867, and Ignatius was reinstated on [[November 23]]. During his second patriarchate, Ignatius followed a policy not very different from that of Photius. This perhaps helped improve relations between the two, and circa 876 Photius was suddenly recalled to Constantinople and entrusted with the education of the emperor's children, becoming an advisor to Ignatius. On the death of Ignatius in October 877, Photius, after the requisite show of reluctance, having been recommended by Ignatius prior to his death, was restored to the patriarchal throne.

==Second patriarchate==
Photius now obtained the formal recognition of the Christian world in a council convened at Constantinople in November 879. The legates of Pope [[John VIII of Rome|John VIII]] attended, prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch, a concession for which the pope was much censured by Latin opinion. The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the Eastern and Western churches, the demanded apology to the pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over [[Bulgaria]], and the introduction of the ''[[filioque]]'' clause into the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. Eventually Photius refused to apologize or accept the ''filioque'', and the papal legates made do with his return of Bulgaria to Rome. This concession, however, was purely nominal, as Bulgaria's return to the [[Byzantine Rite]] in 870 had already made it an [[autocephalous]] church. Without the consent of Boris I of Bulgaria, the papacy was unable to enforce its claims.

During the altercations between Basil I and his heir Leo VI, Photius took the side of the emperor. Consequently, when Basil died in 886 and Leo became senior emperor, Photius was dismissed and banished, although he had been Leo's tutor. Photius was sent into exile to the [[monastery]] of Bordi in [[Armenia]]. From this time Photius disappears from history. No letters of this period of his life are extant. The precise date of his death is not known, but it is said to have occurred on [[February 6]], 893.

Photius was long the standard-bearer of the Church in its disagreements with the pope of Rome. All agree on the virtue of his personal life and his remarkable talents, even genius, and the wide range of his intellectual aptitudes. Pope Nicholas himself referred to his "great virtues and universal knowledge."

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 4) [http://oca.org/FStropars.asp?ID=100442]
:Follower of the [[Apostles]]' way
:And teacher of mankind:
:[[Intercession|Intercede]], O Photius, with the [[Jesus|Lord]] of all,
:To grant peace to the world
:And to our souls great mercy!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8) [http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=527]
:Far-reaching beacon of the Church and God,
:inspired Guide of the Orthodox,
:you are now crowned with the flowers of song.
:You are the divine words of the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]]'s harp,
:the strong adversary of [[heresy]] and to whom we cry,
:"Hail, all-honorable Photius."

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=858 – 861|
after=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title= Patriarch of Constantinople|
years=878 – 886|
after=[[Stephen I of Constantinople|Stephen I]]}}
{{end box}}

==Reference==
*{{note|1}} [http://www.photius.com/photios/photios15.html The Life of Patriarch Photios] by D. S. White

==Source==
*[[w:Patriarch_Photios_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=105866658|''Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople'' at Wikipedia]], retrieved on February 5, 2007
*[http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm F. Dvornik: Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople]

==External links==
*[http://www.photius.com/photios/ Patriarch Photius of Constantinople: His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters] by Despina Stratoudaki White, copyright © 1982 by the Holy Cross Orthodox Press
*[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Photius_of_Constantinople The ''Bibliotheca'' or ''Myriobiblion''] by Photios of Constantinople
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100442 St. Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints_view?contentid=527 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[GOARCH]])
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20120112022100/http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople] New Catholic Encyclopedia article by Fr. [[Francis Dvornik]]
*[[Wikipedia:Photius I of Constantinople|''Photius I of Constantinople'']] at Wikipedia
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm Photius of Constantinople] from the online [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Encyclopedia
*[''Archive of'' http://web.archive.org/web/20071109075648/http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:9th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category:9th-century saints]]

[[el:Φώτιος Α΄ ο Μέγας]]
[[ro:Fotie cel Mare]]

Photius the Great

2017-02-05T04:31:32Z

Magda: /* Second patriarchate */Typo

[[Image:Photios the Great.jpg|right|frame|St. Photius the Great]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Photius the Great''' (also ''Photios''; Greek Φώτιoς), [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople, is considered one of the greatest patriarchs of Constantinople. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[February 6]].

St. Photius was condemned as patriarch by the [[Robber Council of 869-870]], but the [[Eighth Ecumenical Council]] (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his [[see]]. Although he was accused of causing the [[Filioque#The "Photian" Schism|"Photian" Schism]], he was recognized as a major peacemaker of that time. He reconciled with Patriarch [[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius]], who named him as his successor (for a second time) upon Ignatius' death in 877.

==Life==
Photius' parents were wealthy and pious Christians. His father was attached to the imperial court with the office of "Guardian of the Emperor and the Palace." They belonged to the party which venerated [[icon]]s, but the current emperor was an [[iconoclast]] and thus was against the use of icons in the [[Church]]. They were exiled when Photius was seven, their wealth disposed of, and were eventually [[martyr]]ed. Photius referred to [[Patriarch]] [[Tarasius of Constantinople|Tarasius]] as "uncle from his father's side,"{{ref|1}} and he was also related to [[John VII Grammaticus of Constantinople|John VII Grammaticus]]. He was known as one who was inclined to the quiet, prayerful, and [[monasticism|monastic]] life. Byzantine writers report that Emperor [[Leo VI]] once angrily called Photius "Khazar-faced," but whether this was a generic insult or a reference to his ethnicity is unclear.

As soon as he had completed his own education, Photius began to teach grammar, rhetoric, [[theology]], and [[philosophy]]. The way to public life was probably opened for him by (according to one account) the marriage of his brother Sergius to Irene, a sister of the Empress [[Theodora (9th century empress)|Theodora]], who upon the death of her husband [[Theophilus the Iconoclast|Theophilos]] in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire. Photius became a captain of the guard and subsequently chief imperial secretary (''prōtasēkrētis''). In 855, at thirty-five years of age, Photius was recognized for his political skills and made the ambassador to the Persian caliph in Baghdad with the charge to negotiate an end to Christian persecution in the Muslim territories.

==First patriarchate==
The dissension between Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople and the Caesar Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor [[Michael III the Amorian|Michael III]], concerning Bardas' illicit relationship with his daughter-in-law and other questionable moral practices, led to Photius' promotion. Ignatius was arrested and exiled to the island of Terebinthos in 858, where he submitted his resignation. Photius, a [[laity|layperson]], was inducted into the [[priest]]hood and made a [[bishop]] within six days and then installed as patriarch. He resisted this appointment, as he wished for a more contemplative life. He was the most distinguished scholar at that time and was seen as being above suspicion because he was strongly opposed to the iconoclast party, which had caused his parents' death.

Several months after his exile, a few of Ignatius' supporters came together in the Church of Saint Irene and plotted to restore Ignatius to the patriarchate. They made an appeal to [[Pope]] [[Nicholas I of Rome|Nicholas]] trying to discredit his rival Photius' appointment. This was signed by only six metropolitans and fifteen bishops. There were several [[monk]]s in this camp who set out for Rome, even though Ignatius had voluntarily resigned. They were received by Pope Nicholas I, who was eager to assert his power over the Eastern church. Pope Nicholas had previously been successful in bringing the Western church under his absolute control, and he now sought the same power over the East.

Photius convened a council in the [[Church of the Holy Apostles (Constantinople)|Church of the Holy Apostles]] in 859. The intent was to stop the controversy about his appointment. This council found that Ignatius had not been elected by a [[synod]] and therefore his election to the patriarchate was illegal. He had been appointed by Empress Theodora. Unfortunately the Caesar Barda was vengeful against the opposition and imposed an exile on Ignatius to the island of [[Metropolis of Mytiline|Mytiline]] and persecuted some of his followers. Photius strongly objected to this action.

Pope Nicholas felt that the appointment needed the consent of Rome and objected to the fact that Photius was a layperson even though there was precedence for this in both the Western and Eastern churches. He also demanded that the Byzantines give back to Rome the territories of Calabria and Sicily.

In 861, with the approval of Photius, Emperor Michael convened a general council in the Church of the Holy Apostles, known as the First-Second Synod. The pope was invited, and he was glad to send his delegates. He sent them with the instruction to investigate the election of Photius in relation to the [[canons]] and and to demand that Illyricum and southern Italy be given to Rome. This synod ratified the actions of the [[Seventh Ecumenical Council]] condemning iconoclasm. Also, Photius was affirmed as the lawful and canonical patriarch. The western delegation accepted the legality of Photius' appointment. Ignatius appeared before the synod and was deposed.

When the delegates returned to Rome and Nicholas found that his demands for territorial rights were not considered, he became angry and excommunicated his delegates. He convened a council in Rome in 863 in which he deposed and excommunicated Photius on the basis that his appointment was uncanonical. He chose to recognize Ignatius as the legitimate patriarch.

The conflict between Rome and Constantinople reached a climax. Photius not only was defending the autonomy of the Eastern church, but also vital interests of the empire. With the full support of Emperor Michael III, he sent a letter to the pope demanding that he withdraw his decision against Photius. In 867, a council was held with over a thousand clergymen attending. This council excommunicated Nicholas, condemned the pope's claims of primacy, his interference in Bulgaria, and the innovative addition of the [[filioque]] clause to the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. The letters of both Nicholas and Photius were read at this council. The situation was additionally complicated by the question of [[Papacy|papal]] authority over the entire Church and by the disputed jurisdiction over newly converted [[Bulgaria]]. It pronounced that the Latin interference in the affairs of the Byzantine Church was unlawful. The German Emperor Louis II was asked to intervene and depose Pope Nicholas, but he died that same year.

There were two emperors in the East at the time, Michael II and Basil I. Michael plotted to kill Basil, but Basil found out about the plot and murdered Michael. Photius refused to accept the murder of Michael and refused Basil [[communion]] on a great [[feast day]]. This angered Basil, so he had Photius imprisoned in a [[monastery]].

This state of affairs changed with the murder of Photius' patron Bardas in 866 and of the Emperor Michael in 867 by his colleague [[Basil I|Basil the Macedonian]], who now usurped the throne. Photius was deposed as [[patriarch]] not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor. Photius was removed from his office and banished around the end of September 867, and Ignatius was reinstated on [[November 23]]. During his second patriarchate, Ignatius followed a policy not very different from that of Photius. This perhaps helped improve relations between the two, and circa 876 Photius was suddenly recalled to Constantinople and entrusted with the education of the emperor's children, becoming an advisor to Ignatius. On the death of Ignatius in October 877, Photius, after the requisite show of reluctance, having been recommended by Ignatius prior to his death, was restored to the patriarchal throne.

==Second patriarchate==
Photius now obtained the formal recognition of the Christian world in a council convened at Constantinople in November 879. The legates of Pope [[John VIII of Rome|John VIII]] attended, prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch, a concession for which the pope was much censured by Latin opinion. The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the Eastern and Western churches, the demanded apology to the pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over [[Bulgaria]], and the introduction of the ''[[filioque]]'' clause into the [[Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed|creed]]. Eventually Photius refused to apologize or accept the ''filioque'', and the papal legates made do with his return of Bulgaria to Rome. This concession, however, was purely nominal, as Bulgaria's return to the [[Byzantine Rite]] in 870 had already made it an [[autocephalous]] church. Without the consent of Boris I of Bulgaria, the papacy was unable to enforce its claims.

During the altercations between Basil I and his heir Leo VI, Photius took the side of the emperor. Consequently, when Basil died in 886 and Leo became senior emperor, Photius was dismissed and banished, although he had been Leo's tutor. Photius was sent into exile to the [[monastery]] of Bordi in [[Armenia]]. From this time Photius disappears from history. No letters of this period of his life are extant. The precise date of his death is not known, but it is said to have occurred on [[February 6]], 893.

Photius was long the standard-bearer of the Church in its disagreements with the pope of Rome. All agree on the virtue of his personal life and his remarkable talents, even genius, and the wide range of his intellectual aptitudes. Pope Nicholas himself referred to his "great virtues and universal knowledge."

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 4) [http://oca.org/FStropars.asp?ID=100442]
:Follower of the [[Apostles]]' way
:And teacher of mankind:
:[[Intercession|Intercede]], O Photius, with the [[Jesus|Lord]] of all,
:To grant peace to the world
:And to our souls great mercy!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8) [http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=527]
:Far-reaching beacon of the Church and God,
:inspired Guide of the Orthodox,
:you are now crowned with the flowers of song.
:You are the divine words of the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]]'s harp,
:the strong adversary of [[heresy]] and to whom we cry,
:"Hail, all-honorable Photius."

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=858 – 861|
after=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Ignatius of Constantinople|Ignatius I]]|
title= Patriarch of Constantinople|
years=878 – 886|
after=[[Stephen I of Constantinople|Stephen I]]}}
{{end box}}

==Reference==
*{{note|1}} [http://www.photius.com/photios/photios15.html The Life of Patriarch Photios] by D. S. White

==Source==
*[[w:Patriarch_Photios_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=105866658|''Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople'' at Wikipedia]], retrieved on February 5, 2007
*[http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm F. Dvornik: Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople]

==External links==
*[http://www.photius.com/photios/ Patriarch Photius of Constantinople: His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters] by Despina Stratoudaki White, copyright © 1982 by the Holy Cross Orthodox Press
*[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Photius_of_Constantinople The ''Bibliotheca'' or ''Myriobiblion''] by Photios of Constantinople
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100442 St. Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints/527 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://homepage.mac.com/pgilbert22/articles/Dvornik%20on%20Photius.htm Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople] New Catholic Encyclopedia article by Fr. [[Francis Dvornik]]
*[[Wikipedia:Photius I of Constantinople|''Photius I of Constantinople'']] at Wikipedia
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm Photius of Constantinople] from the online [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Encyclopedia
*[http://www.comeandseeicons.com/p/nbo01.htm Icon of St. Photios the Great]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:9th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category:9th-century saints]]

[[el:Φώτιος Α΄ ο Μέγας]]
[[ro:Fotie cel Mare]]