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Before the Divine Liturgy begins, the [[priest]] and a [[deacon]], if one is serving, begin by preparing the gifts of bread and wine for use in the service. This preparation is itself a considerable service. More than simply setting aside the bread and wine, a robust ritual has developed with elaborate symbolism. Though the main outline is similar for most Orthodox churches, there may be some differences based on which [[typicon]] a jurisdiction uses.
During the prothesis, the priest cuts out a square called the Lamb from the main loaf of bread ([[Prosphora|prosphora]]). This will be consecrated during the Liturgy of the Faithful to become the holy body Body of Christ. He also removes small particles and places them on the [[diskos]] (or paten) in commemoration of the [[Theotokos]], various saints, and the living and departed faithful. The remainder of the bread is blessed and distributed to parishioners and visitors after the service; this bread is called ''[[antidoron]]''.
During the prothesis, the priest also blesses wine and water, which are poured into the chalice. Warm water will be added to the chalice after the [[epiclesis]].